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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Data Transparency in the Middle East and North Africa (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079240
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    Inhalt: Data transparency about critical economic issues may be key to driving growth and enhancing trust in government in the Middle East and North Africa. Several knowledge products and technical analyses on the region have been greatly constrained by the lack of availability of detailed data, and the relatively outdated nature of many available datasets. The goal of this study is to ascertain the state of data systems in the Middle East and North Africa region. Through analysis of several indicators, with their limitations in mind, the study uses descriptive analyses and uncovers six stylized facts of the region: (i) developing economies in the Middle East and North Africa have poor data ecosystems, largely due to the prevalence of conflict; (ii) developing economies in the Middle East and North Africa as a group have experienced the largest deterioration in data systems over time; (iii) data systems in richer economies in the Middle East and North Africa region underperform relative to their income peers; (iv) Gulf Cooperation Council economies underperform in data openness, especially online access, despite having the resources for online features; (v) the regulatory framework for data (data infrastructure) is poor throughout the region, especially in Gulf Cooperation Council economies; and (vi) the dispersion of source data scores - a measure of availability and timeliness of micro data - in the region suggests that national statistical offices in the region could learn from each other. Furthermore, the study summarizes data availability and timeliness for specific macro, micro, and public health indicators for countries across the region. The need for forging a social contract for data is discussed, as well as the role international institutions can play through a statistics compact for the region
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Islam, Asif M Data Transparency in the Middle East and North Africa Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2023
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10346
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10346
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences through the Lens of COVID-19 (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080609
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    Inhalt: Pandemic shocks disrupt human capital accumulation through schooling and work experience. This study quantifies the long-term economic impact of these disruptions in the case of COVID-19, focusing on countries at different levels of development and using returns to education and experience by college status that are globally estimated using 1,084 household surveys across 145 countries. The results show that both lost schooling and experience contribute to significant losses in global learning and output. Developed countries incur greater losses than developing countries, because they have more schooling to start with and higher returns to experience. The returns to education and experience are also separately estimated for men and women, to explore the differential effects by gender of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surprisingly, while the study uncovers gender differences in returns to education and schooling, gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 are small and short-lived, with a loss in female relative income of only 2.5 percent or less, mainly due to the greater severity of the employment shock on impact. These findings might challenge some of the ongoing narratives in policy circles. The methodology employed in this study is easily implementable for future pandemics
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9932
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9932
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Human Capital of Firms and the Formal Training of Workers (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080194
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Inhalt: The benefits of formal training are numerous, and yet in many regions few firms utilize them. This study builds on the literature by exploring how two forms of human capital-the quality of management practices and the proportion of university educated employees-influence the adoption of formal training. Using both cross-sectional and panel firm-level data for 29 economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and six economies in the Middle East and North Africa, the study finds that firm management practices are positively correlated with the implementation of formal training in Eastern Europe and Central Asia but not in the Middle East and North Africa. The proportion of university educated workers is positively correlated with formal training in both regions, but the finding is more robust for the Middle East and North Africa. These findings imply significant heterogeneity across regions in the determinants of formal training, suggesting that policies should be context specific
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Islam, Asif M The Human Capital of Firms and the Formal Training of Workers Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2022
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10063
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10063
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Cautionary Tale : An Experiment on the Stability of Business Environment Perceptions in a Firm Survey (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081857
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)
    Inhalt: Several studies in the literature have adopted attitude or perception-based survey questions to evaluate the business environment and its effect on firms. The Enterprise Surveys of the World Bank are not an exception. In the case of the Enterprise Surveys, these questions involve rating an element of the business environment at the end of each section of the survey instrument. Such questions are often used but sometimes are inconsistent with responses elicited on the experience of the firm over a specific timeframe-experience-based questions. The literature is mixed as to whether perception-based questions are susceptible to anchoring or context effects. In this study, an experiment is set up to explore whether perceptions of the business environment are stable or vulnerable to the ordering of questions in the Enterprise Surveys questionnaire. The experiment entails randomizing the placement order of the perception-based questions at the end of a section or at the beginning of the survey. Significant question-order effects are uncovered only for perceptions of corruption and business licensing and permits but not the other elements, after accounting for a variety of factors. The study recommends that analysis in these two areas should go beyond perception-based questions and verify their findings with experience-based questions
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9610
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9610
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Management Practices and the Partial Government Ownership of Firms in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080195
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (43 Seiten)
    Inhalt: A wealth of evidence has shown the positive effects of better management practices on firms. More recent evidence has highlighted that ownership matters for several developing and advanced economies. However, this relationship has not been studied extensively for economies in the Middle East and North Africa, a region where the presence of the government in the productive sphere looms large. This study contributes to this gap in the literature by exploring how partial government ownership can influence the management practices of medium and large formal firms in the Middle East and North Africa. Using two waves of Enterprise Surveys undertaken in 2013 and 2019/2020, the evidence points at a negative relationship between partial government ownership and management practices in the developing Middle East and North Africa region. A subsample of panel firms confirms these findings. Analysis conducted for firms surveyed in Europe and Central Asia in the same time frame does not show a similar negative relationship between partial government ownership and management practices, highlighting regional heterogeneity
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Islam, Asif M Management Practices and the Partial Government Ownership of Firms in the Middle East and North Africa Region Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2022
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10062
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10062
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Exports and Women Workers in Formal Firms (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081963
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (91 Seiten)
    Inhalt: Theory suggests several ways in which exporting may benefit women's employment. However, the empirical evidence is mixed and limited, especially for developing countries. This paper uses firm-level survey data for 91 developing countries to estimate the relationship between exporting and the share of women workers at the firm. The analysis pays close attention to endogeneity concerns. First, it proxies a given firms' exports by the average exports of all other firms in the same country-year-industry cell. Second, it exploits the repeated cross-section nature of the data and analyzes how changes over time in exporting activity are associated with changes in the share of women workers. The strategy is more immune to endogeneity problems than pure cross-section regressions. Third, it tests several mechanism or mediating factors as predicted by the theory through which exporting impacts women's employment prospects. The predictions are confirmed in the data, an unlikely scenario if exports were a mere proxy for other correlated drivers of women's employment. The results show a large, positive impact of higher exports on the share of women workers. A conservative estimate is that for each percentage point increase in the ratio of exports to total sales, the share of women workers increases by 0.16 percentage point. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, this positive relationship is much larger (more positive) in industries that rely more on women workers, in country-industry pairs where competitive pressure is largely from international markets in comparison to less competitive domestic markets, when social attitudes and labor laws are more favorable toward women's work, and when the law and order situation is more business friendly
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9527
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9527
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    Online Zugang
    Open Access Wunsch
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
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