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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (5)
  • Fouque-Bibliothek Brandenburg
  • SB Falkensee
  • Grünes Gedächtnis
  • Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 〈Hanover, NH〉  (5)
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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (5)
  • Fouque-Bibliothek Brandenburg
  • SB Falkensee
  • Grünes Gedächtnis
Years
Person/Organisation
Keywords
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Morphology, hydraulics and sediment transport of an ice-covered river : field techniques and initial data (1986)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20190626153636
    Format: v, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 86-11
    Content: This initial study of the ice-covered Tanana River, near Fairbanks, Alaska, attempted to 1) establish field methods for systematic and repetitive quantitative analyses of an ice-covered river's regime, 2) evaluate the instruments and equipment for sampling, and 3) obtain the initial data of a long-term study of ice cover effects on the morphology, hydraulics and sediment transport of a braided river. A methodology was established, and detailed measurements and samplings, including profiling by geophysical techniques, were conducted along cross sections of the river. A small, portable rotary drill rig equipped with a 356-mm (14-in.) ice auger was used to cut large diameter holes in the ice cover for through-the-ice measurements. Portable heat sources and a heated shelter were required to continuously thaw and dry equipment for the repetitive measurements. Measurements included ice cover thickness, water level, water depth, temperature, flow velocity, suspended load and bed load, frazil ice distribution and bed material composition. Remotely gathered data included apparent resistivity and subsurface radar profiling. The various techniques, sampling gear and problems encountered during use in the subfreezing cold are described in detail in this report.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Study objectives and field locale Study site Equipment Vehicles Drilling equipment Sampling equipment Geophysical equipment Shelter and icing control Surveying equipment Miscellaneous equipment Field techniques and methodology Logistics Drilling procedures Data collection Geophysical analyses Experiences summary Morphology, transport and hydraulic data Mid-winter physical characteristics Hydraulic characteristics Sediment transport Late winter physical characteristics Seasonal morphology Geophysical data interpretation Spatial morphology Frazil ice characteristics Discussion and conclusions Recommendations Equipment Research Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 86-11
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11681/9318
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Evaluation of the magnetic induction conductivity method for detecting frazil ice deposits (1987)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20190723112222
    Format: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-17
    Content: The ability to map frazil ice deposits and water channels beneath an ice-covered river in central Alaska using the magnetic induction conductivity (MI) technique has been assessed. The study was performed during the first week of March of 1986 on the Tanana River near Fairbanks and employed a commercially available instrument operating at a fixed frequency with a fixed antenna (coil) spacing and orientation. Comparisons of the MI data with theoretical models based upon physical data measured along three cross sections of the river demonstrate the sensitivity of the MI technique to frazil ice deposits. The conductivity generally derived for the frazil ice deposits encountered is very low (approx. .00063 s/m) when compared with the measured value for water (approx. 0.011 S/m), and is similar to the calculated values for gravel and sandy gravel bed sediments. In all three cross sections, maxima in the apparent conductivity profiles correlated with frazil ice deposits. Difficulties, possibly due to adverse effects of cold weather upon instrument calibration, affected the quantitative performance of the instrument on one cross section, although the interpretation of the data (locations of open channels vs frazil deposits) was qualitatively unaffected.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Magnetic induction conductivity method Site description and survey methods Cross section field data and modeling results X6 X3A X4 Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of errors Appendix B: Modeling data
    In: CRREL Report, 87-17
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a186940.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9023
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Measurements of the dielectric properties of wet snow using a microwave technique (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command
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    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122981
    Format: vi, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 325
    Content: CONTENTS: Preface. - Symbols. - Introduction. - Physical properties of ice, water and snow. - Electrical relations affecting the problem. - The dielectric constant. - Deloor's theory. - Wet snow application. - Experimental procedure. - Measurement technique. - Sample preparation. - Glass bead preparation. - Experimental results. - Wet snow results. - Glass bead results. - Experimental error. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Recommendations. - Literature cited. - Selected bibliography. - Appendix A. The measurement of the complex dielectric constant in a shorted wave guide. - Appendix B. Evaluation of the effective particle shape factor and the effective dielectric properties in the immediate vicinity of average liquid and solid particles. - Appendix C. Experimental data. - Abstract.
    Content: An accurate method of measuring liquid water in snow covers is required to determine the properties of wet snow. The dielectric properties of wet snow must be utilized to adequately measure its liquid water content. In this study the effect of liquid water on the complex dielectric constant of natural snow is determined in the microwave frequency range. Deloor's method for calculating the dielectric constant for mixtures and the results of waveguide experiments on samples of wet snow and glass beads are used to construct a calibration curve relating the measured dielectric loss factor directly to the water content of wet snow. The results are independent of porosity, past history and chemical impurities. A relation between the effective dielectric constant and the porosity and water content is proposed and tested, experimentally. The general nature of this relation is described and suggestions are made for the development of a more precise relation. It is concluded that the dielectric constant is a function of porosity and water content only.
    Note: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-325 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227365734
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Sorption of cadmium by soils (1974)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ123002
    Format: v, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 320
    Content: CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - lntroduction. - 1. Sources and effects of cadmium in the environment: a brief review. - Sources of cadmium. - Health aspects of cadmium pollution. - Air pollution by cadmium. - Water pollution by cadmium. - Cadmium in soils. - Effect of cadmium on sewage treatment processes. - 2. The interaction of cadmium with some native New Hampshire soils. - Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Results and discussion. - Reversibility. - Conclusions. - Suggestions for further research. - 3. The flow of cadmium through soils: an experimental method. - Introduction. - Design criteria and detector performance. - Mathematical analysis of curves. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Content: A brief review of the literature on cadmium in the environment, with emphasis on its role in soils and water, is presented. Experimentally, the interaction of cadmium with two soils and one naturally occurring zeolite was examined using calcium-saturated and potassium-saturated samples. The soils preferentially bound cadmium in the presence of either calcium or potassium with decreasing cadmium selectivity as the fractional cadmium surface coverage increased. Cadmium sorption was relatively higher with the potassium soils as compared with the calcium soils. For the loamy fine sand this increase was accounted for by electroselectivity principles, while such reasoning was inadequate to explain the increases observed with the Charleton loam sample. The preference for cadmium over calcium, as measured by the selectivity coefficient, was higher for the sandy soil. The zeolite was found to be calcium-selective. A method for monitoring the flow of cadmium through soil columns was examined. The use of spatial filtering, involving Fourier transforms, was found to be a suitable technique for monitoring the changes in cadmium concentration as it flows through soils. The experimental technique involves the use of gamma-emitting metal isotopes in conjunction with an external scintillation counter; thus the soil column remains undisturbed and may be used for several experiments.
    Note: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-320 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1016535
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Prototype drill for core sampling fine-grained perennially frozen ground (1985)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20190702110707
    Format: v, 34 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 85-1
    Content: An expensive drill has been modified to provide researchers with the ability to auger an open hole or to acquire continuous, undisturbed 76-mm-diam core samples of a variety of perennially frozen materials that are suitable for chemical and petrographic analysis. It was developed by field testing in support of research from 1980 to 1983. Operation of the drill is based mainly on using a minimum of power to cut through frozen ground with tungsten carbide cutters on a CRREL coring auger. The ice content, temperature and grain size of the frozen sediments are important variables determining the sampling depth. Perennially frozen sediments with temperatures in the range of -0.5 C to -8.5 C have been continuously cored with this drill. Drilling and sampling are most efficiently conducted when ambient air temperatures are below freezing and the active layer is frozen. The self-contained lightweight drill is readily transportable off-road by helicopter or tracked vehicle, or by towing over roads. It is locally self-mobile by use of a winch. Total cost of the drill and modifications is estimated at approximately $10,000.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background on development Drill development and configuration Equipment Modifications Operations Assembly and disassembly Field transport and movement Typical operating procedures Effect of material properties, weather and water Depth and hole completion time Summary Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 85-1
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA152388
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9352
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