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Format: XI, 328 Seiten , 24 cm

ISBN: 9780199595341 , 9780198708834 , 0199595348

Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Boltanski, Luc 1940- Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme ; Kapitalismus ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)

Content: Firms very rarely cut nominal wages, even in the face of considerable negative economic shocks. This paper uses a unique survey of fourteen European countries to ask firms directly about the incidence of wage cuts and to assess the relevance of a range of potential reasons for why the firms avoid cutting wages. The paper examines how firm characteristics and collective bargaining institutions affect the relevance of each of the common explanations put forward for the infrequency of wage cuts. Concerns about the retention of productive staff and a lowering of morale and effort were reported as key reasons for downward wage rigidity across all countries and firm types. Restrictions created by collective bargaining were found to be an important consideration for firms in Western European (EU-15) countries but were one of the lowest ranked obstacles in the new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe

Additional Edition: Du Caju, Philip Why Firms Avoid Cutting Wages

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6976

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p)

Content: The authors investigate how institutions affect productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to China's domestic industrial enterprises during 1998-2007. They examine three institutional features that comprise aspects of China's "special characteristics": (1) the different sources of FDI, where FDI is nearly evenly divided between mostly Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and Hong Kong (SAR of China), Taiwan (China), and Macau (SAR of China); (2) China's heterogeneous ownership structure, involving state- (SOEs) and non-state owned (non-SOEs) enterprises, firms with foreign equity participation, and non-SOE, domestic firms; and (3) industrial promotion via tariffs or through tax holidays to foreign direct investment. The authors also explore how productivity spillovers from FDI changed with China's entry into the WTO in late 2001. They find robust positive and significant spillovers to domestic firms via backward linkages (the contacts between foreign buyers and local suppliers). The results suggest varied success with industrial promotion policies. Final goods tariffs as well as input tariffs are negatively associated with firm-level productivity. However, they find that productivity spillovers were higher from foreign firms that paid less than the statutory corporate tax rate

Additional Edition: Du, Luosha Do Institutions Matter for FDI Spillovers?

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5757

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p)

Content: Recent increases in production of crop-based (or first-generation) biofuels have engendered increasing concerns over potential conflicts with food supplies and land protection, as well as disputes over greenhouse gas reductions. This has heightened a sense of urgency around the development of biofuels produced from non-food biomass (second-generation biofuels). This study reviews the economic potential and environmental implications of production of second-generation biofuels from a variety of various feedstocks. Although second-generation biofuels could significantly contribute to the future energy supply mix, cost is a major barrier to increasing commercial production in the near to medium term. Depending on various factors, the cost of second-generation (cellulosic) ethanol can be two to three times as high as the current price of gasoline on an energy equivalent basis. The cost of biodiesel produced from microalgae, a prospective feedstock, is many times higher than the current price of diesel. Policy instruments for increasing biofuels use, such as fiscal incentives, should be based on the relative merits of different types of biofuels

Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R Second-generation biofuels

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5406

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)

Content: Evidence from a range of different sources suggests that Chinese workers lost 20-36 million jobs because of the global financial crisis. Most of these layoffs affected migrant workers, who have typically lacked employment protection, tend to be concentrated in export-oriented sectors, and were among the easiest to dismiss when the crisis hit. Although it was severe, the employment shock was short-lived. By mid-2009, the macroeconomic stimulus and other interventions had succeeded in boosting demand for migrant labor. By early 2010, abundant evidence pointed to scarcity in China's labor market, as labor demand was once again leading to brisk growth in wages. The paper reviews different available sources of evidence for the effects of the crisis, and notes the biases associated with alternative ex post efforts to measure the employment effects of the crisis. In particular, the paper highlights the usefulness of household surveys with employment histories relative to surveys based on sampling through firms

Additional Edition: Giles, John Weathering a Storm

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5984

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: Other papers

Content: Using data from a national survey of Chinese manufacturing firms conducted in 2009, the authors analyze the impact of implementation of China's 2008 labor contract law on the employment of production workers. The authors found that cities with lax prior enforcement of labor regulations experienced a greater increase in enforcement after 2008 and slower employment growth, and that this finding is robust to inclusion of a rich set of city-level controls and the use of alternative measures of enforcement effort. Although firms affected by the global economic crisis did not report less strict enforcement of the new law, there is evidence that their employment adjustment was less sensitive to enforcement of labor regulations than firms not affected by the crisis

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/27106

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: Other papers

Content: Because of China's socialist legacy, until recently little attention has been paid to the rise of informal employment. Under planning urban workers enjoyed guaranteed employment, housing, pensions, and health care. The prevalence of informal employment has important implications for public policies, because informality is often associated with poverty and social vulnerability, and it affects tax collection, the enforcement of labor regulations, and the provision of adequate social protection to workers and their families. Informality thus can be characterized by dualism, including both those who engage in informal work of their own volition and those who do so involuntarily because they are systematically excluded from formal employment opportunities. The goal of this paper is to provide for the first time an accurate measurement of informal employment in China by analyzing data from recent household surveys collected in six large Chinese cities in 2010. The surveys were designed by the authors with questions included to enable measurement of informality using accepted international standards set by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as well as by considering factors relevant in the Chinese context. The authors provide a number of insights into the extent and nature of informal employment and labor market development in China. The large payroll charges for social insurance programs create a disincentive for both employers and employees to participate

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/27218

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)

Content: Firms have multiple options at the time of adjusting their wage bills. However, previous literature has mainly focused on base wages. This paper broadens the analysis beyond downward rigidity in base wages by investigating the use of other margins of labor cost adjustment at the firm level. Using data from a unique survey, the authors find that firms make frequent use of other, more flexible, components of compensation to adjust the cost of labor. Changes in bonuses and non-pay benefits are some of the potential margins firms use to reduce costs. The paper also shows how the margins of adjustment chosen are affected by firm and worker characteristics

Additional Edition: Babecky, Jan The Margins of Labor Cost Adjustment

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5160

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p)

Content: It has been well established that the wages of individual workers react little, especially downwards, to shocks that hit their employer. This paper presents new evidence from a unique survey of firms across Europe on the prevalence of downward wage rigidity in both real and nominal terms. The authors analyse which firm-level and institutional factors are associated with wage rigidity. The results indicate that it is related to workforce composition at the establishment level in a manner that is consistent with related theoretical models (e.g. efficiency wage theory, insider-outsider theory). The analysis also finds that wage rigidity depends on the labour market institutional environment. Collective bargaining coverage is positively related with downward real wage rigidity, measured on the basis of wage indexation. Downward nominal wage rigidity is positively associated with the extent of permanent contracts and this effect is stronger in countries with stricter employment protection regulations

Additional Edition: Babecky, Jan Downward Nominal and Real Wage Rigidity

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5159

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures

Content: This collection consists of of 94 English language documents and one translation from the German. While the time coverage is vast (from 800 B.C. to the 1980s) and there is good historical depth, the focus is primarily on rural Greek society in the latter half of the 20th century, particularly in the mainland regions of Boeotia, Piraeus, Kokinia, Zagor, Epiros, and central Macedonia and the major Aegean or Greek islands of Crete, Rhodes, Lesbos, and the Cyclades (Tinos, Anafi). Also included are comprehensive studies on the Sarakatsani nomads of the Zagori, Epirus, Thessaly, and central Greece regions. Several documents deal with the city of Athens

Note: Family and work: new patterns for village women in Athens - Susan Buck Sutton - 1986 -- - Rural-urban migration in Greece - Susan Buck Sutton - 1983 -- - Culture Summary: Greeks - Susan Buck Sutton and John Beierle (file evaluation and indexing notes) - 2003 -- - Rainbow in the rock: the people of rural Greece - Irwin Taylor Sanders - 1962 -- - Vasilika: a village in modern Greece - Ernestine Friedl - 1963 -- - The role of kinship in the transmission of national culture to rural villages in mainland Greece - Ernestine Friedl - 1959 -- - Greek kinship terms in everyday use - John Andromedas - 1957 -- - Greece: American aid in action 1947-1956 - William Hardy McNeill - 1957 -- - Hospital care in provincial Greece - Ernestine Friedl - 1958 -- - Greece - Dorothy Demetracoupulou Lee - 1953 -- , - Honour, family and patronage: a study of institutions and moral values in a Greek mountain community - by J. K. Campbell - 1964 -- - Mediterranean pastoral nomads: the Sarakatsani of Greece - [by] Georgios B. Kavadias ; photographs and figures by the author - 1965 -- - Positive aspects of Greek urbanization: the case of Athens by 1980 - Peter S. Allen - 1986 -- - Fieldwork among the Sarakatsani: 1954-55 - John K. Campbell - 1992 -- - The Greek hero - John K. Campbell - 1992 -- - Honour and the devil - John K. Campbell - 1970 -- - The kindred in a Greek mountain community - John K. Campbell - 1963 -- - Two case studies of marketing and patronage in Greece - John K. Campbell - 1968 -- - The bitter wounding: the lament as social protest in rural Greece - Anna Caraveli - 1986 -- - Going out for coffee?: contesting the grounds of gendered pleasures in everyday sociability - Jane K. Cowan - 1991 -- - The resolution of conflict through song in Greek ritual therapy - Loring M. Danforth - 1991 -- - Servants and sentries: women, power, and social reproduction in Kriovrisi - Muriel Dimen - 1986 -- - Cosmos and gender in village Greece - Juliet Du Boulay - 1991 -- , - Women: images of their nature and destiny in rural Greece - Juliet Du Boulay - 1986 -- - Culture enters through the kitchen: women, food, and social boundaries in rural Greece - Jill Dubisch - 1986 -- - 'Foreign chickens' and other outsiders: gender and community in Greece - Jill Dubisch - 1993 -- - Gender, kinship, and religion: 'reconstructing' the anthropology of Greece - Jill Dubisch - 1991 -- - Introduction - Jill Dubisch - 1986 -- - Preface - [Jill Dubisch] - 1986 -- - Literature cited - [edited by Jill Dubisch] - 1986 -- - Kinship, class and selective migration - Ernestine Friedl - 1976 -- - Lagging emulation in post-peasant society - Ernestine Friedl - 1964 -- - The position of women: appearance and reality - Ernestine Friedl - 1986 -- - Some aspects of dowry and inheritance in Boetia - Ernestine Friedl - 1963 -- - Closure as cure: tropes in the exploration of bodily and social disorder - by Michael Herzfeld - 1986 -- - The dowery in Greece: terminological usage and historical reconstruction - Michael Herzfeld - 1980 -- , - Embarrassment as pride: narrative resourcefulness and strategies of normativity among Cretan animal-thieves - Michael Herzfeld - 1988 -- - The etymology of excuses: aspects of rhetorical performance in Greece - Michael Herzfeld - 1982 -- - Gender pragmatics: agency, speech, and bride-theft in a Cretan mountain village - Michael Herzfeld - 1985 -- - History in the making: national and international politics in a rural Cretan community - Michael Herzfeld - 1992 -- - Honour and shame: some problems in the comparative analysis of moral systems - Michael Herzfeld - 1980 -- - Icons and identity: religious orthodoxy and social practice in rural Crete - Michael Herzfeld - 1990 -- - In defiance of destiny: the management of time and gender at a Cretan funeral - Michael Herzfeld - 1993 -- - Interpreting kinship terminology: the problem of patriliny in rural Greece - Michael Herzfeld - 1983 -- - Literacy as symbolic strategy in Greece: methodological consideration of topic and space - Michael Herzfeld - 1990 -- - Meaning and morality: a semiotic approach to evil eye accusatiobns in a Greek village - Michael Herzfeld - 1981 -- , - Of definitions and boundaries - Michael Herzfeld - 1986 -- - Ours once more: folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece - Michael Herzfeld - 1986 -- - A place in history: social and monumental time in a Cretan town - Michael Herzfeld - 1991 -- - The poetics of manhood: contest and identity in a Cretan mountain village - Michael Herzfeld - 1985 -- - Pride and perjury: time and the oath in the mountain villages of Crete - Michael Herzfeld - 1990 -- - Silence, submission, and subversion: toward a poetics of womanhood - Michael Herzfeld - 1991 -- - Social tension and inheritance by lot in three Greek villages - Michael Herzfeld - 1980 -- - When exceptions define the rules: Greek baptismal names and the negotiation of identity - Michael Herzfeld - 1982 -- - Within and without: the category of 'female' in the ethnography of modern Greece - Michael Herzfeld - 1986 -- - Greek adults' verbal play, or, how to train for caution - Renée Hirschon - 1992 -- , - Heirs of the Greek catastrophe: the social life of Asia Minor refugees in Piraeus - René Hirschon - 1989 -- - Open body/closed space: the transformation of female sexuality - René Hirschon - 1978 -- - Under one roof: marriage, dowry, and family relations in Piearus - René Hirschon - 1983 -- - The woman-environment relationship: Greek cultural values in an urban community - René Hirschon - 1985 -- - Sisters in Christ: metaphors of kinship among Greek nuns - A. Marina Iossifides - 1991 -- - The limits of kinship - Roger Just - 1991 -- - Changing places and altered perspectives: research on a Greek Island in the 1960s and in the 1980s - Margaret E. Kenna - 1992 -- - Family and economic life in a Greek Island community - Margaret E. Kenna - 1990 -- - Greek urban migrants and their rural patron saint - M. Kenna - 1977 -- - Houses, fields and graves: property and ritual obligation on a Greek Island - Margaret E. Kenna - 1976 -- - Icons in theory and practice: an Orthodox Church example - Margaret E. Kenna - 1985 -- , - The idiom of family - Margaret E. Kenna - 1976 -- - Institutional and transformational migration and the politics of community: Greek internal migrants and their Migrants' Association in Athens - Margaret E. Kenna - 1983 -- - Mattresses and migrants: a patron saint's festival on a small Greek Island over two decades - Margaret E. Kenna - 1992 -- - The power of the dead: changes in the construction and care of graves and family vaults on a small Greek island - Margaret E. Kenna - 1991 -- - Return migrants and tourist development: an example from the Cyclades - Margaret E. Kenna - 1993 -- - Saying 'no' in Greece: some preliminary thoughts on hospitality, gender and the evil eye - Margaret E. Kenna - 1995 -- - Where the streets have no name: construction and reconstructing tradition with values and cubes - Margaret E. Kenna - 1994/1995 -- - Women's friendships on Crete: a psychological perspective - Robinette Kennedy - 1986 -- - Gender and kinship in marriage and alternative contexts - Peter Loizos and Evthymios Papataxiarchis - 1991 -- , - Gender, sexuality, and the person in Greek culture - Peter Loizos and Evthymios Papataxiarchis - 1991 -- - Friends of the heart: male commensal solidarity, gender, and kinship in Agean Greece - Evthymios Papataxiarchis - 1991 -- - Women's roles and house form and decoration in Eressos, Greece - Eleftherios Pavlides and Jana Hesser - 1986 -- - Literature cited - [Peter Loizos and Evthymios Papataxiarchis] - 1991 -- - Traditional values and continuities in Greek society - John K. Campbell - 1983 -- - What is a 'village' in a nation of migrants - Susan Buck Sutton - 1988 -- - Hunters and hunted: KAMAKI and the ambiguities of sexual predation in a Greek town - Sofka Zinovieff - 1991 -- - Modern Greece - by John Campbell and Philip Sherrard - 1968 -- - Regionalism and local community - J. K. Campbell - 1976 -- - Dynamics of regional integration in modern Greece - Bernard Kayser - 1976 -- - Greek social structure - D. G. Tsaoussis - 1976 -- - Some aspects of 'over-education' in modern Greece - C. Tsoukalas - 1976 -- , - The family in Athens: regional variation - 1976 -- - General discussion - [Peter Allen, H. Russell Bernard, Ernestine Friedl, D.G. Tsaoussis, Perry Bialor, Fred O. Gearing, J.G. Peristiany, Nicos Mouzelis, and Bernard Kayser] - 1976 -- - Sacrifice at the bridge of Arta: sex roles and the manipulation of power - Ruthe Mandel - 1983 -- - Greek women: sacred or profane - 1983 -- - Power through submission in the Anastenaria: Loring M. Danforth - 1983 -- - The meaning of dowery: changing values in rural Greece - Juliet Du Boulay - 1983 -- - Sematic slippage and moral fall: the rhetoric of chastity in rural Greek society - Michael Herzfeld - 1983

Language: English

Subjects: Ethnology

Keywords: Griechen

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Author information: McNeill, William Hardy 1917-2016