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  • UB Potsdam  (10)
  • Müncheberg Dt. Entomologisches Institut
  • Filmuniversität Babelsberg
  • SB Senftenberg
  • GB Zeuthen
  • Arbeitspapier  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cyclical vs structural effects on health care expenditure trends in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_894989227
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 92
    Content: Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis. Using available estimates from the OECD’s System of Health Accounts (SHA) database, we explore common trends in health care expenditure since 1996 in a set of 22 OECD countries. We assess the extent to which the trends observed are the results of cyclical economic influences, and the respective contributions of changes in relative prices, health care volumes and coverage to the slowdown in health care expenditure growth. Our analysis suggests that cyclical factors may account for a little less than one half of the estimated slowdown in health care spending since the crisis, suggesting that structural changes have contributed to the trends. Before the crisis the slowdown in health care expenditure growth was accounted for by health care prices growing less than general prices and a reduction in care volumes, whereas the latter accounts for most of the steeper deceleration after the crisis. Although both privately and publically financed health care expenditure grew at a reduced pace during the study period, the sharp post-crisis deceleration happened mostly in the public component. When examined by function, the slowdown in publicly-financed expenditure has been largest in curative and rehabilitative care (particularly after the crisis) and in medical goods (especially pharmaceuticals), whereas the deceleration in the privately financed component is largely in medical goods (including pharmaceuticals). We conclude that structural changes in publicly financed health care have constrained the growth of care volumes (especially) and prices leading to a marked reduction in health care expenditure growth rates, beyond what could be expected based on cyclical economic fluctuations. We examine a range of government policies enacted in a selection of OECD countries that likely contributed to the structural changes observed in our analysis.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/be74e5c5-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The prevention of lifestyle-related chronic diseases : an economic framework (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_568795636
    Format: Online-Ressource (77 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 32
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache. - Literaturverz. S. 64 - 71 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/243180781313
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Access
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The obesity epidemic : analysis of past and projected future trends in selected OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Dir. for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Health Committee
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_595345921
    Format: Online-Ressource (81 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 45
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache. - Literaturverz. S. 75 - 79 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/225215402672
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Education and obesity in four OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Dir. for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Health Committee
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_607264578
    Format: Online-Ressource (46 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 46
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache. - Literaturverz. S. 42 - 44 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/223688303816
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alcohol consumption and harmful drinking : trends and social disparities across OECD countries (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_82768035X
    Format: Online-Ressource (82 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 79
    Content: Harmful alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of ill health and premature mortality worldwide. This paper illustrates trends and social disparities in alcohol consumption and harmful drinking in 20 OECD countries. Analyses are based on individual-level data from national health and lifestyle surveys. Alcohol consumption, on average, remained relatively stable in OECD countries over the past 20 years, but with significant variations between countries. However, a closer look at trends and patterns of consumption in specific population groups reveals a more complex picture. Young people are increasingly taking up harmful drinking. Women with high education and high socio-economic status are more likely to engage in harmful drinking than their less educated and less well-off counterparts, while the opposite is observed in men. Levels and patterns of alcohol consumption have an impact on labour market. Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with less employment opportunities, high wage penalties, and lower productivity, whereas light and moderate consumption are associated with positive labour market outcomes. By shedding light on some of the dimensions of alcohol consumption in OECD countries, this paper aims at contributing to the design of appropriate health policies to prevent alcohol-related harms. The findings presented in the paper provide a basis for a quantitative assessment of the impacts of alternative policy options, and may contribute to a better targeting of such policies.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1qwkz2p9s-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inclusive growth and health (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1019438886
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 103
    Content: In response to observed growing inequalities in income and other dimensions of well-being, including health, the OECD launched an initiative on Inclusive Growth in 2012. The objective was to help governments find ways to make economic growth more inclusive, so that it translates into meaningful gains in living standards across key dimensions of well-being and different socioeconomic groups. This paper links health to the overall inclusive growth agenda. It assesses the two-way relationship between health and socioeconomic factors. An empirical health production function is specified, using data from 35 OECD countries for the period 1990-2015. This is complemented by a review of the related empirical literature, as well as successful policies across OECD countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/93d52bcd-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing the impacts of alcohol policies : a microsimulation approach (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_82768049X
    Format: Online-Ressource (127 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 80
    Content: Alcohol policies have significant potential to curb alcohol-related harms, improve health, increase productivity, reduce crime and violence, and cut government expenditure. The WHO Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol provides a menu of policy options based on international consensus, which the OECD has used as a starting point in identifying a set of policies to be assessed in an economic analysis based on a computer simulation approach. This working paper provides a comprehensive illustration of the modelling approach, input data and underlying assumptions that have been used to carry out the analyses. The policies assessed in three country settings – Canada, the Czech Republic and Germany – include price policies, regulation and enforcement policies, education programmes and health care interventions. The results of the OECD analyses show that brief interventions in primary care, typically targeting high-risk drinkers, and tax increases, which affect all drinkers, have the potential to generate large health gains. The impacts of regulation and enforcement policies as well as other health care interventions are more dependent on the setting and mode of implementation, while school-based programmes show less promise. Alcohol policies have the potential to prevent alcohol-related disabilities and injuries in hundreds of thousands of working-age people in the countries examined, with major potential gains in their productivity. Most alcohol policies are estimated to cut health care expenditures to the extent that their implementation costs would be more than offset. Health care interventions and enforcement of drinking-and-driving restrictions are more expensive policies, but they still have very favourable cost-effectiveness profiles.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1qwkvx36d-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The labour market impacts of obesity, smoking, alcohol use and related chronic diseases (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_843989076
    Format: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 86
    Content: This paper examines the labour market impacts of lifestyle risk factors and associated chronic diseases, in terms of employment opportunities, wages, productivity, sick leave, early retirement and receipt of disability benefits. It provides a review of the evidence of the labour market outcomes of key risk factors (obesity, smoking and hazardous drinking) and of a number of related chronic diseases, along with findings from new analyses conducted on data from a selection of OECD countries. Overall, the evidence suggests that chronic diseases and associated risk factors have potentially large detrimental labour market impacts, but with mixed findings in some areas. Obesity and smoking clearly impair employment prospects, wages and labour productivity. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have negative impacts on employment prospects and wages, and diabetes, cancer and arthritis lower labour productivity. Alcohol use, cancer, high blood pressure and arthritis have mixed effects on employment and wages, and are not always linked with increased sickness absence (e.g. cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure). Finally, this paper stresses the importance of these findings for the economy at large, and supports the use of carefully designed chronic disease prevention strategies targeting people at higher risk of adverse labour market outcomes, which may lead to substantial gains in economic production through a healthier and more productive workforce.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrqcn5fpv0v-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consequences of climate change damages for economic growth : a dynamic quantitative assessment (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_79046294X
    Format: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1135
    Content: This report focuses on the effects of climate change impacts on economic growth. Simulations with the OECD’s dynamic global general equilibrium model ENV-Linkages assess the consequences of a selected number of climate change impacts in the various world regions at the macroeconomic and sectoral level. This is complemented with an assessment of very long-run implications, using the AD-RICE model. The analysis finds that the effect of climate change impacts on annual global GDP is projected to increase over time, leading to a global GDP loss of 0.7% to 2.5% by 2060 for the most likely equilibrium climate sensitivity range. Underlying these annual global GDP losses are much larger sectoral and regional variations. Agricultural impacts dominate in most regions, while damages from sea level rise gradually become more important. Negative economic consequences are especially large in South and South-East Asia whereas other regions will be less affected and, in some cases, benefit thanks to adjustments from international trade. Emissions to 2060 will have important consequences in later decades and centuries. Simulations with the AD-RICE model suggest that if emissions continue to grow after 2060, annual damages of climate change could reach 1.5%-4.8% of GDP by the end of the century. Some impacts and risks from climate change have not been quantified in this study, including extreme weather events, water stress and large-scale disruptions. These will potentially have large economic consequences, and on balance the costs of inaction presented here likely underestimate the full costs of climate change impacts. More research is needed to assess them as well as the various uncertainties and risks involved. However, this should not delay policy action, but rather induce policy frameworks that are able to deal with new information and with the fact that by their nature some uncertainties and risks will never be resolved.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2bxb8kmf3-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of fiscal policies in health promotion (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_788926861
    Format: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 66
    Content: Taxes and other fiscal measures on health-related commodities are in widespread use. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products have been subjected to taxation for a long time in most countries. Several OECD governments have passed legislation to increase existing taxes or to introduce new taxes on foods high in salt, sugar or fat in the past few years. Traditionally, commodity taxes have been primarily seen as a source of fiscal revenues and a way to address consumption externalities. More recently, an increased emphasis has been placed on the potential health benefits of commodity taxation, as evidence emerged of the adverse public health, social and economic consequences of the consumption of a range of commodities. This paper provides a review of the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the key factors that governments must address when considering the adoption of fiscal measures for health promotion, highlighting the strengths, as well as the limitations and pitfalls, of specific measures. The main focus of this paper is on taxes on health-related commodities, although a range of other fiscal measures may potentially be used in health promotion. Existing evidence of effects on consumption and health outcomes points to the conclusion that taxes on healthrelated commodities can be a powerful tool for health promotion, although the variety and complexity of the effects they generate require careful consideration by policy makers who intend to adopt new taxes or reform existing ones. The arguments in support of taxes being used to attain public health objectives are strong for tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, but less clear-cut for foods, in which case the value of using taxes is highly dependent on their design and on the context in which they would be applied.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3twr94kvzx-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
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