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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Road to Opportunities in Rural India : The Economic and Social Impacts of PMGSY (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080896
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Content: This report presents the results of an impact evaluation of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) rural roads program in India. The program targeted the provision of all-weather roads to about 178,000 habitations across India. The impact evaluation uses a difference-in-difference approach and panel data from the states of Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan collected in 2009 and 2017. The evaluation finds that PMGSY improved accessibility, particularly in hilly areas, increased access to economic opportunities, triggering a change in the structure of employment in rural India, and had a positive impact on human capital formation in rural India, with boys and girls benefiting equally
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/36626
    DOI: 10.1596/36626
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    El impacto de la participacion del sector privado en infraestructura : Luces y sombras en el camino hacia adelante (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266799
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Mientras varios paises de America Latina, el Caribe y otras regiones avanzan a la segunda fase de participacion privada en programas de infraestructura hay varias inquietudes que quedan por resolver respecto de los resultados de la primera fase. Estas preocupaciones hacen que los Gobiernos avancen con precaucion. "Impacto de la participacion del sector privado en infraestructura" aborda estas preocupaciones y aporta claridad al debate sobre el tema. La evaluacion de este efecto podria ser uno de los temas normativos mas emocionales de la economia, ya que esta rodeado de una nube de mitos, percepciones y realidad. Este libro analiza el impacto y destaca la verdad entre los mitos. Los autores dan una mirada sistematica y critica a los hechos (es decir, los datos) en America Latina, donde desde finales de los ochenta, muchos Gobiernos atrajeron al sector privado hacia la prestacion de servicios publicos fundamentales. Aunque existen muchas evaluaciones de esta experiencia, ninguna ha podido apoyarse en datos sistemicos, transversales entre paises y de series temporales, y salvo pocas excepciones, tampoco han logrado senalar lo que habria sucedido en ausencia de estas intervenciones (el contrafactual). Este libro hace precisamente eso. Reune una base de datos completa desde los anos 80 hasta la primera decada de este siglo y propone una metodologia solida y eficaz, que considera el contrafactual, probando y calculando el impacto de la reforma sobre un conjunto excepcionalmente amplio de indicadores de resultados. En consecuencia, el libro presenta el estudio mas detallado hasta la fecha de la experiencia de la participacion privada en America Latina y representa un paso importante de la bibliografia gracias a sus solidos analisis econometricos
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9789588307718
    Language: Spanish
    DOI: 10.1596/978-9-5883-0771-8
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Governance And Sector Performance : Methodology And Evaluation For Electricity Distribution In Latin America (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074128
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: This paper contributes to the literature that explores the link between regulatory governance and sector performance. The paper develops an index of regulatory governance and estimates its impact on sector performance, showing that indeed regulation and its governance matter. The authors use two unique databases: (i) the World Bank Performance Database, which contains detailed annual data for 250 private and public electricity companies in Latin America and the Caribbean; and (ii) the Electricity Regulatory Governance Database, which contains data on several aspects of the governance of electricity agencies in the region. The authors run different models to explain the impacts of change in ownership and different characteristics of the regulatory agency on the performance of the utilities. The results suggest that the mere existence of a regulatory agency, regardless of the utilities' ownership, has a significant impact on performance. Furthermore, after controlling for the existence of a regulatory agency, the ownership dummies are still significant and with the expected signs. The authors propose an experience measure in order to identify the gradual impact of the regulatory agency on utility performance. The results confirm this hypothesis. In addition, the paper explores two different measures of governance, an aggregate measure of regulatory governance, and an index based on principal components, including autonomy, transparency, and accountability. The findings show that the governance of regulatory agencies matters and has significant effects on performance
    Additional Edition: Andres, Luis Regulatory Governance And Sector Performance
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing The Governance of Electricity Regulatory Agencies In The Latin American And The Caribbean Region : A Benchmarking Analysis (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074243
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (57 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: This paper focuses on an evaluation and benchmarking of the governance of regulatory agencies in the electricity sector in Latin American Countries (LAC). Using a unique database, we develop an index of regulatory governance and rank all the agencies in the LAC countries. The index is an aggregate number of the evaluation of four key governance characteristics: autonomy, transparency, accountability, and regulatory tools, including not only formal aspects of regulation but also indicators related to actual implementation. Based on 18 different indexes, we analyze the positions of agencies with regard to different aspects of their regulatory governance, considering not only performance in each variable but also scores in the different components of each category. This evaluation allows for the identification of particular country shortcomings regarding governance, and indicates needed improvements. Although the region shows an overall good governance design of their regulatory agencies, the implementation of the independent regulator model still faces several challenges. This is particularly evident in political autonomy and in the informal aspects of governance, where the region shows the largest number of countries with the lowest scores. Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil show the best results and Ecuador, Honduras, and Chile the poorest performances. The rest of the countries vary according to the different indexes. We give each governance variable equal weights and positively test the robustness of our approach using Principal Component Analysis
    Additional Edition: Andres, Luis Assessing The Governance of Electricity Regulatory Agencies In The Latin American And The Caribbean Region
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Regulation And Institutional Design Matter For Infrastructure Sector Performance ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074245
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (56 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: This paper evaluates the impact of economic regulation on infrastructure sector outcomes. It tests the impact of regulation from three different angles: aligning costs with tariffs and firm profitability; reducing opportunistic renegotiation; and measuring the effects on productivity, quality of service, coverage, and prices. The analysis uses an extensive data set of about 1,000 infrastructure concessions granted in Latin America from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The analysis finds that as the theory indicates, regulation matters. The empirical work here reported shows that in three relevant economic aspects-aligning costs and tariffs; dissuading renegotiations; and improving productivity, quality of service, coverage, and tariffs-the structure, institutions, and procedures of regulation matter. Thus, significant efforts should continue to be made to improve the structure, quality, and institutionality of regulation. Regulation matters for protecting both consumers and investors, for aligning closely financial returns and the costs of capital, and for capturing higher levels of benefits from the provision of infrastructure services by the private sector
    Additional Edition: Andres, Luis Do Regulation And Institutional Design Matter For Infrastructure Sector Performance ?
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Impact Evaluations (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273953
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper presents an overview and meta-analysis of the effects of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions around the world. It is based on 136 impact evaluations (randomized and quasi-experimental studies) that explore the effects of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on health and non-health outcomes, ranging from behavior change-such as the adoption of water treatment-to school attendance rates, to a reduction in diarrhea. The selected impact evaluations were divided into five groups, and meta-regressions with fixed effects (at the regional level) and random effects were performed, controlling for each study's characteristics (implementing organization, sample sizes, type of publication, number of publication views, and so forth). All results are reported as changes in odds ratios, with respect to the standard deviation of reported effects. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions were found to increase the likelihood of behavior changes and the adoption of new hygiene practices by 17 percent. The smallest effects were observed from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions aimed at reducing the rates of child mortality and non-diarrheal disease. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions implemented in schools showed statistically significant results in reducing school absenteeism and dropouts. Similarly, the results showed a statistically significant aggregate likelihood of increased access to safe water and improved water quality, as well as increased water treatment options-a difference of one-fifth with respect to the standard deviation of the average effect size reported. Finally, the results showed that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions reduced the likelihood of the incidence of diarrheal and enteric disease by 13 percent, which is consistent with findings in other meta-analyses of the same subject
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Andres, Luis Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Impact Evaluations Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8444
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Methodological Framework for Prioritizing Infrastructure Investment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269976
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Policy makers are often confronted with a myriad of factors in the investment decision-making process. This issue is particularly acute in infrastructure investment decisions, as these often involve significant financial resources and lock-in technologies. In regions and countries where the infrastructure access gap is large and pubic budgets severely constrained, the importance of considering the different facets of the decision-making process becomes even more relevant. This paper discusses the trade-offs policy makers confront when attempting to prioritize infrastructure investments, in particular with regard to economic growth and welfare, and proposes a methodological framework for prioritizing infrastructure projects and portfolios that holistically equates such trade-offs, among others. The analysis suggests that it is not desirable to have a single methodology, providing a single ranking of infrastructure investments, because of the complexities of infrastructure investments. Rather, a multidisciplinary approach should be taken. Decision makers will also need to account for factors that are often not easily measured. While having techniques that enable logical frameworks in the decision-making process of establishing priorities is highly desirable, they are no substitute for consensus building and political negotiations
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Andres, Luis A Methodological Framework for Prioritizing Infrastructure Investment Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7433
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Why Are So Many Water Points in Nigeria Non-Functional? : An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273897
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper utilizes information from the 2015 Nigeria National Water and Sanitation Survey to identify the extent, timing, as well as reasons for the failure of water points. The paper finds that more than 38 percent of all improved water points are nonfunctional. The results indicate that nearly 27 percent of the water points are likely to fail in the first year of construction, while nearly 40 percent are likely to fail in the long run (after 8-10 years). The paper considers the reasons behind these failures, looking at whether they can or cannot be controlled. During the first year, a water point's location-the political region and underlying hydrogeology-has the greatest impact on functionality. Other factors-specifically, those that can be controlled in the design, implementation, and operational stages-also contribute significantly. As water points age, their likelihood of failure is best predicted by factors that cannot be modified, as well as by the technology used. The paper concludes that, to improve the sustainability of water points, much can be done at the design, implementation, and operational stages. Over time, technology upgrades are important
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Andres, Luis Why Are So Many Water Points in Nigeria Non-Functional? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8388
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Evaluation of the Contributing Factors of Water Scheme Failures in Nigeria (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273880
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper utilizes information from the 2015 Nigeria National Water and Sanitation Survey to identify the extent and timing of the failure of water schemes in the country and the factors affecting it. Around 46 percent of all the water schemes in Nigeria are nonfunctional, and approximately 30 percent are likely to fail in the first year. The results indicate that during the first year of operation, factors that can be controlled in the design, implementation, and operational stages contribute to the failure of 61 percent of the water schemes. As water schemes age, their likelihood of failure is best predicted by factors that cannot be modified. The influence of operational factors, such as repairs and maintenance, decreases slightly over time
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Andres, Luis An Evaluation of the Contributing Factors of Water Scheme Failures in Nigeria Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8371
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diffusion of The Internet : A Cross-Country Analysis (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074202
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: This paper analyzes the process of Internet diffusion across the world using a panel of 199 countries during 1990-2004. The authors group countries in two categories-low and high-income countries-and show that the Internet diffusion process is well characterized by an S-shape curve for both groups. Low-income countries display a steeper diffusion curve that is equivalent to a right shift of the diffusion curve for high-income countries. The estimated diffusion curves provide evidence of a "catching-up" process, although a very slow one. The paper explores the determinants of Internet diffusion at the country level and across the same income groups. The most novel finding is that network effects seem to be crucial-the number of Internet users in a country in a given year is positively associated with the number of users in the previous year. The findings also show that the degree of competition in the provision of Internet service contributes positively to its diffusion, and there are significant positive language externalities
    Additional Edition: Andres, Luis Diffusion of The Internet
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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