Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: X, 251 p. 1 illus. , online resource.

ISBN: 9783540357766

Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 659

Note: Preliminaries -- Darboux functions -- Darboux functions in the first class of Baire -- Continuity and approximate continuity of derivatives -- The extreme derivates of a function -- Reconstruction of the primitive -- The Zahorski classes -- The problem of characterizing derivatives -- Derivatives a.e. and generalizations -- Transformations via homeomorphisms -- Generalized derivatives -- Monotonicity -- Stationary and determining sets -- Behavior of typical continuous functions -- Miscellaneous topics.

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540089100

Language: English

Subjects: Mathematics

DOI: 10.1007/BFb0069821

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0069821

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

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URL: Cover

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 355 Seiten) , 101 Illustrationen

ISBN: 9783319453217

Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing 261

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-45320-0

Language: English

Subjects: Computer Science , Economics

Keywords: Wirtschaftsinformatik ; Business Intelligence ; Betriebliches Informationssystem ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45321-7

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)

Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive

Content: In low- and middle-income countries, scaling essential health interventions to achieve health development targets is constrained by the lack of skilled health professionals to deliver services. This paper takes a labor market approach to project future health workforce demand based on an economic model that projects economic growth, demographics, and health coverage, and using health workforce data (1990-2013) for 165 countries from the World Health Organization's Global Health Observatory. The demand projections are compared with the projected growth in health worker supply and health worker "needs" as estimated by the World Health Organization to achieve essential health coverage. The model predicts that by 2030 global demand for health workers will rise to 80 million workers, double the current (2013) stock of health workers. The supply of health workers is expected to reach 65 million over the same period, resulting in a worldwide shortage of 15 million health workers. Growth in the demand for health workers will be highest among upper-middle-income countries, driven by economic growth and population growth and aging, resulting in the largest predicted shortages, which may fuel global competition for skilled health workers. Middle-income countries will face workforce shortages because their demand will exceed supply. By contrast, low-income countries will face low growth in demand and supply, but they will face workforce shortages because their needs will exceed supply and demand. In many low-income countries, demand may stay below projected supply, leading to the paradoxical phenomenon of unemployed ("surplus") health workers in those countries facing acute "needs-based" shortages

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Liu, Jenny X Global Health Workforce Labor Market Projections for 2030 Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7790

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers

Content: This paper examines the global implications of COVID-19 on mental health, with a focus on four particularly vulnerable populations: (1) unemployed adults; (2) youth; (3) older-age populations; and (4) healthcare workers. Considering the global public health burden of mental disorders, understanding COVID-19's psychological impact on vulnerable populations may provide policy makers with the information necessary to effectively direct resources. The paper focuses on these populations because racial, gender, and social class disparities endure in most educational and work opportunities.25 Additionally, health systems and work environments can perpetuate inequality among vulnerable populations, often leading to worse health outcomes. Previous pandemics and natural disasters have exacerbated income and health disparities for vulnerable populations.25 Similarly, the economic shutdown may disproportionately affect low-income or racial minority workers who work in sector most affected by COVID-19. Youth and older populations remain vulnerable because of factors associated with their age, whereas frontline healthcare workers face overwhelmed health systems and a higher risk of infection. Focusing on these vulnerable populations, the narrative review summarizes the literature addressing mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is organized as follows: the next section summarizes current literature on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on four vulnerable populations. The following section then summarizes the findings for each of the populations, followed by a section discussing those results. The next sections provide an understanding of the current state of global mental health and recommend short, medium, and long-term policy solutions

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/35847

DOI: 10.1596/35847

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich

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Format: 1 online resource (661 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-281-46679-4 , 9786611466794 , 0-08-049880-9

Series Statement: Advanced organic chemistry series

Uniform Title: Reaktionsmechanismen.

Content: A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Advanced Organic Chemistry; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword; Preface to the English Edition; Preface to the German Edition; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Radical Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom; 1.1 Bonding and Preferred Geometries in C Radicals, Carbenium Ions and Carbanions; 1.2 Stability of Radicals; 1.3 Relative Rates of Analogous Radical Reactions; 1.4 Radical Substitution Reactions: Chain Reactions; 1.5 Radical Initiators; 1.6 Radical Chemistry of Alkylmercury(II) Hydrides; 1.7 Radical Halogenation of Hydrocarbons; 1.8 Autoxidations , 1.9 Defunctionalizations via Radical Substitution ReactionsReferences; Chapter 2. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom; 2.1 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles; Leaving Groups; 2.2 Good and Poor Nucleophiles; 2.3 Leaving Groups and the Quality of Leaving Groups; 2.4 SN2 Reactions: Kinetic and Stereochemical Analysis-Substituent Effects on Reactivity; 2.5 SN1 Reactions: Kinetic and Stereochemical Analysis; Substituent Effects on Reactivity , 2.6 When Do SN Reactions at Saturated C Atoms Take Place According to the SN1 Mechanism and When Do They Take Place According to the SN2 Mechanism?2.7 Unimolecular SN Reactions That Do Not Take Place via Simple Carbenium Ion Intermediates: Neighboring Group Participation; 2.8 Preparatively Useful SN2 Reactions: Alkylations; References; Chapter 3. Additions to the Olefinic C=C Double Bond; 3.1 The Concept of cis and trans Addition; 3.2 Vocabulary of Stereochemistry and Stereoselective Synthesis I; 3.3 Additions That Take Place Diastereoselectivity as cis Additions , 3.4 Enantioselective cis Additions to C=C Double Bonds3.5 Additions That Take Place Diastereoselectively as trans Additions (Additions via Onium Intermediates); 3.6 Additions That Take Place or Can Take Place without Stereocontrol Depending on the Mechanism; References; Chapter 4. ß-Eliminations; 4.1 Concepts of Elimination Reactions; 4.2 b-Eliminations of H/Het via Cyclic Transition States; 4.3 b-Eliminations of H/Het via Acyclic Transition States: The Mechanistic Alternatives; 4.4 E2 Eliminations of H/Het and the E2/SN2 Competition , 4.5 E1 Elimination of H/Het from Rtert-X and the E1/SN1 Competition4.6 E1cb Eliminations; 4.7 ß-Eliminations of Het1/Het2; References; Chapter 5. Substitution Reactions on Aromatic Compounds; 5.1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions via Wheland Complexes (""Ar-SE Reactions""); 5.2 Ar-SE Reactions via Wheland Complexes: Individual Reactions; 5.3 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions on Metallated Aromatic Compounds; 5.4 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions in Aryldiazonium Salts; 5.5 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions via Meisenheimer Complexes , 5.6 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution via Arynes, cine Substitution , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-138110-2

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource (21 p.)

ISBN: 1-4623-7894-3 , 1-4552-9797-6 , 1-282-84651-5 , 9786612846519 , 1-4552-0213-4

Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/10/179

Content: We examine the effect that revenue windfalls from international commodity price shocks have on sovereign bond spreads using panel data for 30 emerging market economies during the period 1997-2007. Our main finding is that positive commodity price shocks lead to a significant reduction in the sovereign bond spread in democracies, but to a significant increase in the spread in autocracies. To explain our finding we show that, consistent with the political economy literature on the resource curse, revenue windfalls from international commodity price shocks significantly increased real per capita GDP growth in democracies, while in autocracies GDP per capita growth decreased.

Note: "July 2010." , At head of title: IMF Institute. , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Data; Table 1. Descriptive Statistics; III. Estimation Strategy; IV. Main Results; Table 2. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and the Spread on Sovereign; Table 3. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and Economic Growth; V. Conclusion; References; Footnotes

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 636 p.).

ISBN: 0-12-138110-2 , 978-0-12-138110-3 , 9780080498805

Series Statement: Advanced organic chemistry series

Uniform Title: Reaktionmechanismen

Note: A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level. - Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

Keywords: Organische Chemie ; Reaktionsmechanismus ; Lehrbuch

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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Format: 1 online resource (33 p.)

ISBN: 1-4623-3657-4 , 1-4527-1372-3 , 1-283-55515-8 , 1-4519-9119-3 , 9786613867605

Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/10/53

Content: We examine the effects that international commodity price shocks have on external debt using panel data for a world sample of 93 countries spanning the period 1970-2007. Our main finding is that positive commodity price shocks lead to a significant reduction in the level of external debt in democracies, but to no significant reduction in the level of external debt in autocracies. To explain this result, we show that positive commodity price shocks lead to a statistically significant and quantitatively large increase in total government expenditures in autocracies. In democracies on the other hand government expenditures did not increase significantly. We also document that following positive windfalls from international commodity price shocks the risk of default on external debt decreased in democracies, but increased significantly in autocracies.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Data; III. Estimation Strategy; IV. Main Results; Table 1. Commodity Price Shocks and External Debt; Table 2. Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt; Table 3. Commodity Price Shocks, Executive Constraints, Political Competition, and External Debt; Table 4. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and Government Expenditures; Table 5. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and the Rule of Law; Table 6. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and Economic Growth , Table 7. Commodity Price Shocks, Political Institutions, and the Risk of Default on External DebtV. Conclusion; References; Footnotes , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4519-6342-4

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource (38 pages)

Series Statement: Policy research working papers.

Content: In the 1990s the mainstream consensus was that trade causes growth. Subsequent research shed doubt on the consensus view, as evidence suggested that the identification of the effect of trade on growth was problematic in the existing literature. This paper contributes to this debate by focusing on growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. It estimates the effect of openness to international trade on economic growth with panel data. Employing instrumental variables techniques that correct for endogeneity bias, the empirical evidence suggests that within-country variations in trade openness cause economic growth: a 1 percentage point increase in the ratio of trade over gross domestic product is associated with a short-run increase in growth of approximately 0.5 percent per year; the long-run effect is larger, reaching about 0.8 percent after ten years. These results are robust to controlling for country and time fixed effects as well as political institutions.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6007

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Format: 1 online resource (333 p.)

ISBN: 1-84569-429-5 , 1-60119-606-7

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition

Content: Consumer acceptance of food is highly dependent on flavour. This important collection reviews the chemical basis of fruit and vegetable flavour and current methods for improving the flavour of fruit and vegetable products.Opening chapters outline the economic importance of flavour in fruit and vegetables. Part one investigates the formation of fruit and vegetable flavour and how it deteriorates after harvest. Part three contains chapters on flavour management during horticultural and postharvest operations. Chapters discuss the possibilities and limitations for flavour improvement by selection

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. Flavour formation during growth and postharvest flavour changes -- pt. 3. Flavour management -- pt. 4. Genetic background and future prospects. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-84569-183-0

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4200-7600-0

Language: English