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  • MPI Bildungsforschung  (53)
  • Heinrich-Mann-Bibl. Strausberg
  • GB Eggersdorf
  • SB Wittenberge
  • Timilsina, Govinda R.  (53)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric Stabilization of CO2 Emissions : Near-Term Reductions and Intensity-Based Targets (2007)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9948589696302882
    Format: 1 online resource (37 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This study analyzes CO2 emissions reduction targets for various countries and geopolitical regions by the year 2030 in order to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of CO2 at the level of 450 ppm (550 ppm including non CO2 greenhouse gases). It also determines CO2 intensity cuts that would be needed in those countries and regions if the emission reductions were achieved through intensity-based targets while assuming no effect on forecasted economic growth. Considering that the stabilization of CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm requires the global trend of CO2 emissions to reverse before 2030, this study develops two scenarios: reversing the global CO2 trend in (i) 2020 and (ii) 2025. The study shows that global CO2 emissions would be 42 percent above the 1990 level in 2030 if the increasing trend of global CO2 emissions is reversed by 2020. If reversing the trend is delayed by 5 years, the 2030 global CO2 emissions would be 52 percent higher than the 1990 level. The study also finds that to achieve these targets while maintaining assumed economic growth, the global average CO2 intensity would require a 68 percent drop from the 1990 level or a 60 percent drop from the 2004 level by 2030.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4352
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    HU Berlin
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Revenue Recycling Schemes In Environmental Tax Selection : A General Equilibrium Analysis (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618992
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: This study examines the roles of revenue recycling schemes for the selection of alternative tax instruments (i.e., carbon-, sulphur-, energy- and output-tax) to reduce CO2 emissions to a specified level in Thailand. A static, single period, multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Thai economy has been developed for this purpose. This study finds that the selection of a tax instrument to reduce CO2 emissions would be significantly influenced by the scheme to recycle the tax revenue to the economy. If the tax revenue is recycled to finance cuts in the existing labour or indirect tax rates, carbon tax would be more efficient than the sulphur-, energy- and output-taxes to reduce CO2 emissions. On the other hand, if the tax revenue is recycled to households through a lump-sum transfer, sulphur and carbon taxes would be more efficient than energy and output taxes. The ranking between the sulphur and carbon taxes under the lump sum transfer scheme depends on substitution possibility of fossil fuels. Sulphur tax is found superior over carbon tax at the higher substitution possibility between fossil fuels; the reverse is found true at the lower substitution possibility. In all schemes of revenue recycling considered, the output tax is found to be the most costly (i.e., in welfare terms) despite the fact that it generates two to three times higher revenue than the other tax instruments
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Timilsina, Govinda R: The Role of Revenue Recycling Schemes In Environmental Tax Selection
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Timilsina, Govinda R. The Role of Revenue Recycling Schemes In Environmental Tax Selection 2007
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A General Equilibrium Analysis of Demand Side Management Programs Under The Clean Development Mechanism of The Kyoto Protocol (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619167
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: This paper analyzes the economic and environmental consequences of a potential demand side management program in Thailand using a general equilibrium model. The program considers replacement of less efficient electrical appliances in the household sector with more efficient counterparts. The study further examines changes in the economic and environmental effects of the program if it is implemented under the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, which provides carbon subsidies to the program. The study finds that the demand side management program would increase economic welfare if the ratio of unit cost of electricity savings to price of electricity is 0.4 or lower even in the absence of the clean development mechanism. If the program's ratio of unit cost of electricity savings to price of electricity is greater than 0.4, registration of the program under the clean development mechanism would be needed to achieve positive welfare impacts. The level of welfare impacts would, however, depend on the price of carbon credits the program generates. For a given level of welfare impacts, the registration of the demand side management program under the clean development mechanism would increase the volume of emission reductions
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Timilsina, Govinda R: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Demand Side Management Programs Under The Clean Development Mechanism of The Kyoto Protocol
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Timilsina, Govinda R. A General Equilibrium Analysis of Demand Side Management Programs Under The Clean Development Mechanism of The Kyoto Protocol 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal Policy Instruments For Reducing Congestion And Atmospheric Emissions In The Transport Sector : A Review (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619256
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: This paper reviews the literature on the fiscal policy instruments commonly used to reduce transport sector externalities. The findings show that congestion charges would reduce vehicle traffic by 9 to 12 percent and significantly improve environmental quality. The vehicle tax literature suggests that every 1 percent increase in vehicle taxes would reduce vehicle miles by 0.22 to 0.45 percent and CO2 emissions by 0.19 percent. The fuel tax is the most common fiscal policy instrument; however its primary objective is to raise government revenues rather than to reduce emissions and traffic congestion. Although subsidizing public transportation is a common practice, reducing emissions has not been the primary objective of such subsidies. Nevertheless, it is shown that transport sector emissions would be higher in the absence of both public transportation subsidies and fuel taxation. Subsidies are also the main policy tool for the promotion of clean fuels and vehicles. Although some studies are very critical of biofuel subsidies, the literature is mostly supportive of clean vehicle
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Timilsina, Govinda R: Fiscal Policy Instruments For Reducing Congestion And Atmospheric Emissions In The Transport Sector
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Timilsina, Govinda R. Fiscal Policy Instruments For Reducing Congestion And Atmospheric Emissions In The Transport Sector 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review of Solar Energy : Markets, Economics and Policies (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265282
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Content: Solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. This study analyzes the technical, economic and policy aspects of solar energy development and deployment. While the cost of solar energy has declined rapidly in the recent past, it still remains much higher than the cost of conventional energy technologies. Like other renewable energy technologies, solar energy benefits from fiscal and regulatory incentives and mandates, including tax credits and exemptions, feed-in-tariff, preferential interest rates, renewable portfolio standards and voluntary green power programs in many countries. Potential expansion of carbon credit markets also would provide additional incentives to solar energy deployment; however, the scale of incentives provided by the existing carbon market instruments, such as the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, is limited. Despite the huge technical potential, development and large-scale, market-driven deployment of solar energy technologies world-wide still has to overcome a number of technical and financial barriers. Unless these barriers are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy supports
    Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R A Review of Solar Energy
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5845
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic Implications of Moving Toward Global Convergence on Emission Intensities (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265550
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Content: One key contentious issue in climate change negotiations is the huge difference in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita between more advanced industrialized countries and other nations. This paper analyzes the costs of reducing this gap. Simulations using a global computable general equilibrium model show that the average the carbon dioxide intensity of advanced industrialized countries would remain almost twice as high as the average for other countries in 2030, even if the former group adopted a heavy uniform carbon tax of
    Additional Edition: Govinda R. Timilsina Economic Implications of Moving Toward Global Convergence on Emission Intensities
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6115
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economics of Transiting to Renewable Energy in Morocco : A General Equilibrium Analysis (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266373
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Content: Morocco has set an ambitious target of supplying 42 percent of electricity through renewable sources, 14 percent each through hydro, wind, and solar, by 2020. To analyze the economic and environmental implications of implementing this target, this study uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model with foresight that includes explicit representation of various electricity generation technologies. Two types of policy instruments, a production subsidy financed through fossil fuel taxation and a renewable energy mandate financed through increased electricity prices, have been considered to attract investment in renewable energy. The study shows that meeting the renewable target would achieve up to 15 percent reduction of national greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared with a situation in the absence of the target, or the baseline. However, meeting the target would decrease household consumption of goods and services, thereby worsening household welfare. The study also shows that the renewable production subsidy financed through fossil fuel taxation is superior to the mandate policy to meet the renewable energy target in Morocco, as the former would cause a lower loss in economic welfare and a larger reduction of greenhouse gas emissions than the latter
    Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R Economics of Transiting to Renewable Energy in Morocco
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6940
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced biofuel technologies : status and barriers (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048264852
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Content: Large-scale production of crop based (first generation) biofuels may not be feasible without adversely affecting global food supply or encroaching on other important land uses. Because alternatives to liquid fossil fuels are important to develop in order to address greenhouse gas mitigation and other energy policy objectives, the potential for increased use of advanced (non-crop, second generation) biofuel production technologies has significant policy relevance. This study reviews the current status of several advanced biofuel technologies. Technically, it would be possible to produce a large portion of transportation fuels using advanced biofuel technologies, specifically those that can be grown using a small portion of the world's land area (for example, microalgae), or those grown on arable lands without affecting food supply (for example, agricultural residues). However, serious technical barriers limit the near-term commercial application of advanced biofuels technologies. Key technical barriers include low conversion efficiency from biomass to fuel, limits on supply of key enzymes used in conversion, large energy requirements for operation, and dependence in many cases on commercially unproven technology. Despite a large future potential, large-scale expansion of advanced biofuels technologies is unlikely unless and until further research and development lead to lowering these barriers
    Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R Advanced biofuel technologies
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5411
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Oil Price and Biofuels : A General Equilibrium Analysis (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265111
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Content: The price of oil could play a significant role in influencing the expansion of biofuels. However, this issue has not been fully investigated yet in the literature. Using a global computable general equilibrium model, this study analyzes the impact of oil price on biofuel expansion, and subsequently, on food supply. The study shows that a 65 percent increase in oil price in 2020 from the 2009 level would increase the global biofuel penetration to 5.4 percent in 2020 from 2.4 percent in 2009. A doubling of oil price in 2020 from its baseline level, or a 230 percent increase from the 2009 level, would increase the global biofuel penetration in 2020 to 12.6 percent. The penetration of biofuels is highly sensitive to the substitution possibility between biofuels and their fossil fuel counterparts. The study also shows that aggregate agricultural output drops due to an oil price increase, but the drop is small in major biofuel producing countries as the expansion of biofuels would partially offset the negative impacts of the oil price increase on agricultural outputs. An increase in oil price would reduce global food supply through direct impacts as well as through diversion of food commodities and cropland toward the production of biofuels
    Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R World Oil Price and Biofuels
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5673
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impacts of biofuel targets on land-use change and food supply : A global CGE assessment (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048264956
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p)
    Content: This study analyzes the long-term impacts of large-scale expansion of biofuels on land-use change, food supply and prices, and the overall economy in various countries or regions using a global computable general equilibrium model, augmented by a land-use module and detailed representation of biofuel sectors. The study finds that an expansion of global biofuel production to meet currently articulated or even higher national targets in various countries for biofuel use would reduce gross domestic product at the global level; however, the gross domestic product impacts are mixed across countries or regions. The expansion of biofuels would cause significant land re-allocation with notable decreases in forest and pasture lands in a few countries. The results also suggest that the expansion of biofuels would cause a reduction in food supply. Although the magnitude of the impact on food supply at the global level is not as large as perceived earlier, it would be significant in developing countries like India and those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural commodities such as sugar, corn, and oil seeds, which serve as the main biofuel feedstocks, would experience significant increases in their prices in 2020 compared with the prices at baseline due to the expansion of biofuels to meet the existing targets
    Additional Edition: Timilsina, Govinda R The impacts of biofuel targets on land-use change and food supply
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5513
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
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