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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
  • Naturwissenschaft allgemein  (9)
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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 309-315
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 309-315
    Kurzfassung: As in other countries, the public in Argentina became aware of the existence of something called “the theory of relativity” only after November 1919. Although the news of Arthur Eddington's eclipse expedition, which provided the first confirmation of Einstein's theory, was poorly reported in the newspapers, by the end of 1920 Einstein had become a household name for the educated middle class of Buenos Aires, the capital city of the country. This was in great measure the result of the activity of a few enthusiastic lecturers. Significantly, none of them belonged to the prestigious Institute of Physics of the University of La Plata, which during the decade of the 1910s was considered the most important center of physical research in Latin America. Between July and August 1920 the Spanish physicist Blas Cabrera – perhaps the greatest popularizer of Einstein's theory in Spain – visited Argentina and talked about relativity. In September Georges Duclout, a French engineer who had graduated from the Zurich Polytechnic and by then was professor of applied mechanics at the School of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences (FCEFyN) of the University of Buenos Aires, also gave a series of conferences on the subject. That same month José Ubach, a Jesuit astronomer trained at the Ebro Observatory in Spain, and established in Buenos Aires, lectured on relativity at the Colegio del Salvador.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2009-06), p. 195-216
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2009-06), p. 195-216
    Kurzfassung: Since the linguistic turn, the role of rhetoric in the circulation and the popular representation of knowledge has been widely accepted in science studies. This article aims to analyze not a textual form of scientific rhetoric, but the crucial role of materiality in scientific debates. It introduces the concept of material rhetoric to understand the promotional regimes in which material objects play an essential argumentative role. It analyzes the phenomenon by looking at two students of prehistory from nineteenth-century Belgium. In the study of human prehistory and evolution, material data are either fairly abundant stone tools or very scarce fossil bones. These two types of material data stand for two different strategies in material rhetoric. In this article, the first strategy is exemplified by Aimé Rutot, who gathered great masses of eoliths (crudely chipped stones which he believed to be prehistoric tools). The second strategy is typified by the example of Julien Fraipont, who based his scientific career on only two Neanderthal skeletons. Rutot sent his “artifacts” to a very wide audience, while Fraipont showed his skeletons to only a few selected scholars. Unlike Rutot, however, Fraipont was able to monitor his audience's interpretation of the finds by means of personal contacts. What an archaeologist gains in reach, he or she apparently loses in control. In this article we argue that only those scholars who find the right balance between the extremes of reach and control will prove to be successful.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2018-06), p. 223-250
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2018-06), p. 223-250
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims at understanding the concept of convention in mechanics as a notion transferred from the field of jurisprudence. This enables us to clarify it as a new epistemic category having a pertinent role in the transformation of mechanics in the nineteenth century. Such understanding permits a separation from linguistic and arbitrary conventions, thus highlighting its epistemic features and not transforming fundamental principles into mere arbitrary agreements. After addressing the main references in the literature discussing the role of convention in mechanics, we analyze its classical use as a concept originating from law. Then we explain its use by Carl G. Jacobi, Ferdinand F. Reech, and J. Henri Poincaré. Here we also show how their uses conform to the features analyzed regarding conventions in jurisprudence. Finally, we try to explain how the use of this concept, among other factors, contributed to the transformation of mechanics.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 201-224
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 201-224
    Kurzfassung: This paper argues that eighteenth-century Portuguese scientific policies promoted the inclusion of its main colony, Brazil, in the Enlightenment environment. This was accomplished by innovative initiatives, such as voyages to explore the colonial territory. Natural history activities, especially in mining, remained at the center of this political project and relied on co-opting groups of Portuguese in America. Based on the life of João da Silva Feijó, this article outlines the relevant connections between Feijó's scientific activities and the first Brazilian national expedition in the 1850s, which led to discussion about developing the Brazilian nation. This analysis is aimed toward the growing consensus in historiography of the sciences that scientific activities practiced outside European centers gave rise to complex interactions involving the processes of mondialization of sciences and the construction of a local scientific context.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 441-471
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 441-471
    Kurzfassung: Eusapia Palladino (1854-1918) is remembered as one of the most famous mediums in the history of spiritualism. Renowned scientists attended her séances in Europe and in the United States. They often had to admit to being unable to understand the origin of the phenomena produced. Cesare Lombroso, for example, after meeting Eusapia, was converted first to mediumism, then spiritualism. This article will retrace the early stages of her career as a medium and shed light on the way she managed to gain the attention of scientists. It will also show why they chose her as an epistemic object.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2008-03), p. 39-72
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2008-03), p. 39-72
    Kurzfassung: The eighteenth-century natural histories of Paraquaria , a Jesuit province in South America ranging from the tropical forest to Río de la Plata (the River Plate), constitute a rich and consistent tradition of nature writing. The way the material is organized, the frequent use of lists of aboriginal names, and the focus on naming, all attest to the missionaries' preoccupation with language, understandable given that they were engaged in writing dictionaries and thesauri of the native tongues. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this body of work went through a series of appropriations, reflecting the various intellectual programs that contributed to the making of the national tradition in Argentina. While these natural histories are still often interpreted in terms of Argentina's national history, science, and literature, I will argue that they should be considered a product of a mixed culture oriented toward the practical and religious goals that are characteristic of most of Jesuit missionary culture, the result of the missionaries' attempt at organizing their experience of the wilderness and their encounter with the aboriginal peoples.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 225-247
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 225-247
    Kurzfassung: Os Sertões (Rebellion in the Backlands), by the engineer Euclides da Cunha, is one of the most important books in Brazilian literature, with more than 50 local editions and translations in at least nine languages. Published in 1902 after four years of writing, it is a book about nationality in Brazil that sparked a debate regarding the subject of national consciousness and the connection between a nation's physical landscape, its people, and its culture. The book draws from a wide spectrum of knowledge that synthesizes science and art as the pinnacle of human thought. Cunha was a man of great culture and learning and in this work his professional activities and scientific writings merge to celebrate Brazilian culture in different realms of knowledge. The author worked as an engineer and had connections with the scientific community and the world of natural science. His explicit references to naturalists, travelers, geologists, and botanists reflect the historical moment of scientific knowledge in Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and no less than that, Cunha's personal connections with the local scientific community.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 285-308
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 285-308
    Kurzfassung: In the mid-1940s, Argentina was partially isolated and ruled by a military regime. The political confrontation between the military and the scientific community as well as international pressures played a major role in the failure of the first attempts to cope with nuclear development. Only after the relationship between the military and local scientists was readjusted and control of atomic energy was placed in the hands of the Navy, and Argentina's international relations restored, did nuclear development begin to take off. This paper examines the traumatic process of creating the political and institutional conditions for the reception of nuclear technology in a peripheral context. The key to shaping future policies was the decision made by Argentina's Atomic Energy Commission in April 1957 to construct its first research nuclear reactor instead of buying it as other countries such as Spain and Brazil were doing at the time.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Science in Context Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2014-12), p. 709-744
    In: Science in Context, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2014-12), p. 709-744
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing efforts to get a firmer grasp of the systematic significance of the entanglement of idealism and empiricism in Helmholtz's work. Contrary to existing analyses, however, the focal point of the present exposition is Helmholtz's attempt to articulate a psychological account of objectification. Helmholtz's motive, as well as his solution to the problem of the object are outlined, and interpreted against the background of his scientific practice on the one hand, and that of empiricist and (transcendental) idealist analyses of experience on the other. The specifically psychological angle taken, not only prompts us to consider figures who have hitherto been treated as having only minor import for Helmholtz interpretation (most importantly J.S. Mill and J.G. Fichte), it furthermore sheds new light on some central tenets of the latter's psychological stance that have hitherto remained underappreciated. For one thing, this analysis reveals an explicit voluntarist tendency in Helmholtz's psychological theory. In conclusion, it is argued that the systematic significance of Helmholtz's empirico-transcendentalism with respect to questions of the mind is best understood as an attempt to found his empirical theory of perception in a second order, normative account of epistemic subjectivity.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0269-8897 , 1474-0664
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 2084819-5
    ZDB Id: 284093-5
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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