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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intermittent Hypoxia a powerful stimulus of the endocrine system: Anabolic/Catabolic Hormone response in Athletes.
    FUAM (Fundacioon Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) ; 2019
    In:  IBJ Plus
    Details
    In: IBJ Plus, FUAM (Fundacioon Universidad Autonoma de Madrid)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2531-0151
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.24217/2531-0151
    DOI: 10.24217/2531-0151.19v1s3.00032
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FUAM (Fundacioon Universidad Autonoma de Madrid)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Electromyography: A Simple and Accessible Tool to Assess Physical Performance and Health during Hypoxia Training. A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2020-11-03), p. 9137-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2020-11-03), p. 9137-
    Abstract: Hypoxia causes reduced partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and induces adaptations in skeletal muscle that may affect individuals’ physical performance and muscular health. These muscular changes are detectable and quantifiable by electromyography (EMG), an instrument that assesses electrical activity during active contraction at rest. EMG is a relatively simple and accessible technique for all patients, one that can show the degree of the sensory and motor functions because it provides information about the status of the peripheral nerves and muscles. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence of EMG as an instrument for monitoring different responses of skeletal muscles subjected to external stimuli such as hypoxia and physical activity. A structured search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in Medline/PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The search included articles published in the last 25 years until May 2020 and was restricted to English- and Spanish-language publications. As such, investigators identified nine articles that met the search criteria. The results determined that EMG was able to detect muscle fatigue from changes in the frequency spectrum. When a muscle was fatigued, high frequency components decreased and low frequency components increased. In other studies, EMG determined muscle activation increased during exercise by recruiting motor units and by increasing the intensity of muscle contractions. Finally, it was also possible to calculate the mean quadriceps quadratic activity used to obtain an image of muscle activation. In conclusion, EMG offers a suitable tool for monitoring the different skeletal muscle responses and has sufficient sensitivity to detect hypoxia-induced muscle changes produced by hypoxic stimuli. Moreover, EMG enhances an extension of physical examination and tests motor-system integrity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12219137
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Athletic, muscular and hormonal evaluation in CrossFit® athletes using the “Elevation Training Mask”
    Esmon Publicidad, SA ; 2021
    In:  Archivos de Medicina del Deporte Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2021-08-23), p. 274-281
    Details
    In: Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, Esmon Publicidad, SA, Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2021-08-23), p. 274-281
    Abstract: Introduction: The possibility of performing intense workouts without falling into states of chronic fatigue stimulates the use of devices that improve muscular and hormonal functionality in athletes. The Elevation Training Mask (Training Mask LLC) (ETM) allows the application of hypoxia during exercise. The ETM is integrated into training routines increasing the physical stimulus to improve performance. Objective: We evaluated the impact of ETM on Workouts of the Day (WODs), muscular and hormonal behavior in Crossfit® athletes. Material and method: Prospective cohort study. During 12 weeks 20 Crossfit® athletes trained 60 minutes 3 days a week were randomly divided into 2 groups, control group (CG) (n=10) and ETM group (EG) (n=10) applying an additional progressive simulated altitude between 914 and 2743 meters. WODs (press, squat, deadlift, total CF and grace), macular markers: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); creatine kinase (CK); myoglobin (Mb) and hormones: testosterone (T); cortisol (C), were evaluated at 2 time points of the study: day 1 (T1) and day 84 (T2). Results: All WODs and parameters LDH, CK, Mb, T and C showed no significant difference (p 〉 0.05) in the time group interaction. In EG, a substantially lower percentage change (Δ) between T1 and T2 was observed in Mb (-16.01±25.82%), CK (6.16±26.05%) and C (-0.18±4.01%) than in CG (Mb: -094±4.39%; CK: 17.98±27.19%; C: 4.56±3.44%). The Δ T1-T2 in the WODs were similar. Conclusion: After 12 weeks of training under simulated hypoxia conditions with ETM there are no improvements in athletic performance assessed by WODs. However, the greater tendency to decrease Mb, CK and C, after using ETM, could stimulate recovery and indicate a lower muscle catabolism of the Crossfit® athlete in the long term.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0212-8799
    Uniform Title: English
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte
    DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte.00052
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Esmon Publicidad, SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746645-0
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-03-31), p. 757-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-03-31), p. 757-
    Abstract: Studies have shown that creatine supplementation increases intramuscular creatine concentrations, favoring the energy system of phosphagens, which may help explain the observed improvements in high-intensity exercise performance. However, research on physical performance in soccer has shown controversial results, in part because the energy system used is not taken into account. The main aim of this investigation was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of creatine supplementation for increasing performance in skills related to soccer depending upon the type of metabolism used (aerobic, phosphagen, and anaerobic metabolism). A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until January 2019. The search included studies with a double-blind and randomized experimental design in which creatine supplementation was compared to an identical placebo situation (dose, duration, timing, and drug appearance). There were no filters applied to the soccer players’ level, gender, or age. A final meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) (Hedges’s g). Nine studies published were included in the meta-analysis. This revealed that creatine supplementation did not present beneficial effects on aerobic performance tests (SMD, −0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.37 to 0.28; p = 0.78) and phosphagen metabolism performance tests (strength, single jump, single sprint, and agility tests: SMD, 0.21; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.45; p = 0.08). However, creatine supplementation showed beneficial effects on anaerobic performance tests (SMD, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.55–1.91; p 〈 0.001). Concretely, creatine demonstrated a large and significant effect on Wingate test performance (SMD, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.40–3.11; p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, creatine supplementation with a loading dose of 20–30 g/day, divided 3–4 times per day, ingested for 6 to 7 days, and followed by 5 g/day for 9 weeks or with a low dose of 3 mg/kg/day for 14 days presents positive effects on improving physical performance tests related to anaerobic metabolism, especially anaerobic power, in soccer players.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11040757
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Inspiratory Muscle Training Program Using the PowerBreath®: Does It Have Ergogenic Potential for Respiratory and/or Athletic Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 6703-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 6703-
    Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide scientific evidence regarding the effects of training on respiratory muscle training’s impact with the PowerBreath®. A systematic analysis based on the PRISMA guides and a conducted research structured around the bases of Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, SciELO y Cochrane Library Plus. Six articles published before January 2021 were included. The documentation and quantification of heterogeneity in every meta-analysis were directed through Cochran’s Q test and the statistic I2; additionally, a biased publication analysis was made using funnel plots, whose asymmetry was quantified Egger’s regression. The methodological quality was assessed through McMaster’s. PowerBreath® administering a ≥ 15% resistive load of the maximum inspiratory pressure (PIM) achieves significant improvements (54%) in said pressure within 4 weeks of commencing the inspiratory muscle training. The maximal volume of oxygen (VO2max) considerable enhancements was achieved from the 6 weeks associated with the maximum inspiratory pressure ≥ 21.5% post inspiratory muscle training onwards. Conversely, a significant blood lactate concentration decrement occurred from the 4th week of inspiratory muscle training, after a maximum inspiratory pressure ≥ 6.8% increment. PowerBreath® is a useful device to stimulate sport performance and increase pulmonary function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136703
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Adherence to treatment and related factors among patients with chronic conditions in primary care: a cross-sectional study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  BMC Family Practice Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Family Practice, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Abstract: Adherence to treatment, a public health issue, is of particular importance in chronic disease therapies. Primary care practices offer ideal venues for the effective care and management of these conditions. The aim of this study is to assess adherence to treatment and related-factors among patients with chronic conditions in primary care settings. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 299 adult patients with ≥1 chronic condition(s) and prescribed medication in primary healthcare centers of Spain. The Morisky-Green-Levine questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence via face-to-face interviews. Crude and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with adherence using the Multidimensional Model proposed by the World Health Organization — social and economic, healthcare team and system-related, condition-related, therapy-related, and patient-related factors. Results The proportion of adherent patients to treatment was 55.5%. Older age (adjusted odds ratio 1.31 per 10-year increment, 95% CI 1.01–1.70), lower number of pharmacies used for medication refills (0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.90), having received complete treatment information (3.89, 95% CI 2.09–7.21), having adequate knowledge about medication regimen (4.17, 95% CI 2.23–7.80), and self-perception of a good quality of life (2.17, 95% CI 1.18–4.02) were independent factors associated with adherence. Conclusions Adherence to treatment for chronic conditions remained low in primary care. Optimal achievement of appropriate levels of adherence through tailored multifaceted interventions will require attention to the multidimensional factors found in this study, particularly those related to patients’ education and their information needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2296
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-1019-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041495-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3107315-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The Role of Selenium Mineral Trace Element in Exercise: Antioxidant Defense System, Muscle Performance, Hormone Response, and Athletic Performance. A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-16), p. 1790-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-16), p. 1790-
    Abstract: Exercise overproduces oxygen reactive species (ROS) and eventually exceeds the body’s antioxidant capacity to neutralize them. The ROS produce damaging effects on the cell membrane and contribute to skeletal muscle damage. Selenium (Se), a natural mineral trace element, is an essential component of selenoproteins that plays an important role in antioxidant defense. The activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a highly-efficient antioxidant enzyme, is closely dependent on the presence of Se. These properties of Se may be potentially applicable to improve athletic performance and training recovery. We systematically searched for published studies to evaluate the effectiveness of Se supplementation on antioxidant defense system, muscle performance, hormone response, and athletic performance among physically active individuals. We used the Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and searched in SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and PubMed databases to identify published studies until March 2020. The systematic review incorporated original studies with randomized controlled crossover or parallel design in which intake of Se administered once a day was compared with the same placebo conditions. No exclusions were applied for the type of physical exercise performed, the sex, nor the age of the participants. Among 150 articles identified in the search, 6 met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the McMaster Critical Review Form. Oral Se supplementation with 180 µg/day or 240 µg/day (selenomethionine) and 200 µg/day (Sodium Selenite), significantly decreased lipid hydroperoxide levels and increased GPx in plasma, erythrocyte, and muscle. No significant effects were observed on athletic performance, testosterone hormone levels, creatine kinase activity, and exercise training-induced adaptations on oxidative enzyme activities or on muscle fiber type myosin heavy chain expression. In addition, Se supplementation showed to have a dampening effect on the mitochondria changes in chronic and acute exercise. In summary, the use of Se supplementation has no benefits on aerobic or anaerobic athletic performance but it may prevent Se deficiencies among athletes with high-intensity and high-volume training. Optimal Se plasma levels may be important to minimize chronic exercise-induced oxidative effects and modulate the exercise effect on mitochondrial changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12061790
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Modulation of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Markers by Curcumin Supplementation in a Physically Active Population: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-15), p. 501-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-15), p. 501-
    Abstract: Physical activity, particularly high-intensity eccentric muscle contractions, produces exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The breakdown of muscle fibers and the consequent inflammatory responses derived from EIMD affect exercise performance. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, has been shown to have mainly antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory properties. This effect of curcumin could improve EIMD and exercise performance. The main objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of curcumin supplementation on EIMD and inflammatory and oxidative markers in a physically active population. A structured search was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the databases SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline (PubMed) from inception to October 2019. The search included original articles with randomized controlled crossover or parallel design in which the intake of curcumin administered before and/or after exercise was compared with an identical placebo situation. No filters were applied to the type of physical exercise performed, the sex or the age of the participants. Of the 301 articles identified in the search, 11 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form. The use of curcumin reduces the subjective perception of the intensity of muscle pain; reduces muscle damage through the decrease of creatine kinase (CK); increases muscle performance; has an anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8; and may have a slight antioxidant effect. In summary, the administration of curcumin at a dose between 150–1500 mg/day before and during exercise, and up until 72 h’ post-exercise, improved performance by reducing EIMD and modulating the inflammation caused by physical activity. In addition, humans appear to be able to tolerate high doses of curcumin without significant side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12020501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Iron Supplementation on the Modulation of Iron Metabolism, Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Cortisol in Professional Cyclists
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-02-27), p. 500-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-02-27), p. 500-
    Abstract: Background: The intense efforts made during 3-week stage races may reduce iron metabolism and hematological parameters. These efforts may increase the levels of circulating muscle damage markers and some hormones. All of these physiological changes may have negative consequences not only for the performance of athletes but also for their health. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 80 mg/day of iron on haematological parameters, serum cortisol and biochemical muscle indicators on elite male cyclists during the 3-week stage race the Vuelta a España. Our secondary aim was to examine whether the hematological profile is associated with muscular damage parameters and cortisol. Methods: Eighteen elite male cyclists from two teams were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) control group (CG, n = 9; age: 26.1 ± 4.6 years; maximum oxygen uptake per kg: 78.0 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min) or (2) group treated with 80 mg/day iron (800 mg of iron protein succinylate, ITG, n = 9; age: 25.7 ± 6.4 years; maximum oxygen uptake per kg: 77.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min). The cyclists were subjected to blood tests one week before the start of the race (T1) and after 4 weeks of treatment, coinciding with the end of the competition (T2). Iron metabolism parameters, muscle damage indicators and serum cortisol were assessed. Repeated-measures ANOVA with group as a factor (GC and ITG) were used to examine the differences between groups throughout the study (time × group) after iron supplementation treatment. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups throughout the study in the group-by-time interaction and changes in serum iron (GC: −8.93 ± 10.35% vs. ITG: 0.60 ± 8.64%; p = 0.018), ferritin (GC: −13.88 ± 23.53% vs. ITG: 91.08 ± 118.30%; p = 0.004), haemoglobin (GC: 10.00 ± 3.32% vs. ITG: 13.04 ± 5.64%; p 〈 0.001), haematocrit (GC: −1.17 ± 3.78% vs. ITG: 7.32 ± 3.92%; p 〈 0.001) and cortisol (GC: 24.74 ± 25.84% vs. ITG: –13.54 ± 13.61%; p = 0.005). However, no significant group-by-time interaction was observed for the circulating muscle biomarkers. Additionally, significant negative correlations of serum iron, haemoglobin and haematocrit with muscle circulating biomarkers and cortisol (p 〈 0.05) were observed. Conclusions: Oral iron supplementation with 80 mg/day iron (800 mg of iron protein succinylate) effectively prevented a decline in haematological parameters (serum iron, ferritin, haemoglobin and haematocrit) and maintained optimal levels of recovery in elite cyclists during the Vuelta a España. Moreover, the hematological values were shown to have relationship with muscular recovery parameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11030500
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Intradialytic physical exercise in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of health outcomes
    Esmon Publicidad, SA ; 2020
    In:  Archivos de Medicina del Deporte Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2020-12-28), p. 419-429
    Details
    In: Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, Esmon Publicidad, SA, Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2020-12-28), p. 419-429
    Abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders that affect the structure and function of the kidney. Complications of CKD significantly limit exercise (Ex) tolerance by reducing functional capacity, endurance, and strength. However, the practice of regular Ex contributes to delaying the progression of CKD and stimulating improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Ex performed during the period of hemodialysis may be the best option when stimulating adherence and being under medical supervision. The purpose of the paper is to examine the effectiveness of intradialytic (iHD) Ex on health outcomes in patients with CKD by identifying the most appropriate component of Ex. Material and method: Systematic review, based on PRISMA guidelines, performing a structured search in Medline, SciELO and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Publications from the last 5 years relating iHD Ex and CKD up to 31 December 2019 were included. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the McMaster critical review form. Results: We found 7 articles that described increases in endurance, upper and lower limb muscle strength, and HRQL of CKD patients providing emotional, social and psychological improvements. In addition, iHD Ex is able to control oxidative stress, inflammation, improve the lipid profile and stimulate endothelial progenitor cells, which together reduce the risk of mortality associated with multiple comorbidities in CKD patients, especially cardiovascular ones. Conclusions:Ex provides improvements in physical function and capacity, HRQL and biological markers. Aerobic Ex, muscle strength Ex and combined Ex programs are used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0212-8799
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte
    DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte.00017
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Esmon Publicidad, SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746645-0
    SSG: 31
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