Format:
XII, 666 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
9027727686
,
90-277-2769-4
Series Statement:
Atmospheric sciences library 13
Content:
Part of the excitement in boundary-layer meteorology is the challenge associated with turbulent flow - one of the unsolved problems in classical physics. The flavor of the challenges and the excitement associated with the study of the atmospheric boundary layer are captured in this textbook. The work should also be considered as a major reference and as a review of the literature, since it includes tables of parameterizations, procedures, field experiments, useful constants, and graphs of various phenomena under a variety of conditions. The author envisions, and has catered for, a heterogeneity in the background and experience of his readers. Therefore, the book is useful to beginning graduate students as well as established scientists.
Note:
MAB0014.001: AWI A7-92-0297
,
Contents
Preface
1 Mean Boundary Layer Characteristics
1.1 A boundary-layer definition
1.2 Wind and flow
1.3 Turbulent transport
1.4 Taylor's hypothesis
1.5 Virtual potential temperature
1.6 Boundary layer depth and structure
1.7 Micrometeorology
1.8 Significance of the boundary layer
1.9 General references
1.10 References for this chapter
1.11 Exercises
2 Some Mathematical and Conceptual Tools: Part 1. Statistics
2.1 The significance of turbulence and its spectrum
2.2 The spectral gap
2.3 Mean and turbulent parts
2.4 Some basic statistical methods
2.5 Turbulence kinetic energy
2.6 Kinematic flux
2.7 Eddy flux
2.8 Summation notation
2.9 Stress
2.10 Friction velocity
2.11 References
2.12 Exercises
3 Application of the Governing Equations to Turbulent Flow
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Basic governing equations
3.3 Simplifications, approximations, and scaling arguments
3.4 Equations for mean variables in a turbulent flow
3.5 Summary of equations, with simplifications
3.6 Case studies
3.7 References
3.8 Exercises
4 Prognostic Equations for Turbulent Fluxes and Variances
4.1 Prognostic equations for the turbulent departures
4.2 Free convection scaling variables
4.3 Prognostic equations for variances
4.4 Prognostic equations for turbulent fluxes
4.5 References
4.6 Exercises
5 Turbulence Kinetic Energy, Stability, and Scaling
5.1 The TKE budget derivation
5.2 Contributions to the TKE budget
5.3 TKE budget contributions as a function of eddy size
5.4 Mean kinetic energy and its interaction with turbulence
5.5 Stability concepts
5.6 The Richardson number
5.7 The Obukhov length
5.8 Dimensionless gradients
5.9 Miscellaneous scaling parameters
5.10 Combined stability tables
5.11 References
5.12 Exercises
6 Turbulence Closure Techniques
6.1 The closure problem
6.2 Parameterization rules
6.3 Local closure - zero and half order
6.4 Local closure - first order
6.5 Local closure - one-and-a-half order
6.6 Local closure - second order
6.7 Local closure - third order
6.8 Nonlocal closure - transilient turbulence theory
6.9 Nonlocal closure - spectral diffusivity theory
6.10 References
6.11 Exercises
7 Boundary Conditions and External Forcings
7.1 Effective surface turbulent flux
7.2 Heat budget at the surface
7.3 Radiation budget
7.4 Fluxes at interfaces
7.5 Partitioning of flux into sensible and latent portions
7.6 Flux to and from the ground
7.7 References
7.8 Exercises
8 Some Mathematical and Conceptual Tools: Part 2. Time Series
8.1 Time and space series
8.2 Autocorrelation
8.3 Structure function
8.4 Discrete Fourier transform
8.5 Fast Fourier Transform
8.6 Energy spectrum
8.7 Spectral characteristics
8.8 Spectra of two variables
8.9 Periodogram
8.10 Nonlocal spectra
8.11 Spectral decomposition of the TKE equation
8.12 References
8.13 Exercises
9 Similarity Theory
9.1 An overview
9.2 Buckingham Pi dimensional analysis methods
9.3 Scaling variables
9.4 Stable boundary layer similarity relationship lists
9.5 Neutral boundary layer similarity relationship lists
9.6 Convective boundary layer similarity relationship lists
9.7 The log wind profile
9.8 Rossby-number similarity and profile matching
9.9 Spectral similarity
9.10 Similarity scaling domains
9.11 References
9.12 Exercises
10 Measurement and Simulation Techniques
10.1 Sensor and measurement categories
10.2 Sensor lists
10.3 Active remote sensor observations of morphology
10.4 Instrument platforms
10.5 Field experiments
10.6 Simulation methods
10.7 Analysis methods
10.8 References
10.9 Exercises
11 Convective Mixed Layer
11.1 The unstable surface layer
11.2 The mixed layer
11.3 Entrainment zone
11.4 Entrainment velocity and its parameterization
11.5 Subsidence and advection
11.6 References
11.7 Exercises
12 Stable Boundary Layer
12.1 Mean Characteristics
12.2 Processes
12.3 Evolution
12.4 Other Depth Models
12.5 Low-level (nocturnal) jet
12.6 Buoyancy (gravity) waves
12.7 Terrain slope and drainage winds
12.8 References
12.9 Exercises
13 Boundary Layer Clouds
13.1 Thermodynamics
13.2 Radiation
13.3 Cloud entrainment mechanisms
13.4 Fair-weather cumulus
13.5 Stratocumulus
13.6 Fog
13.7 References
13.8 Exercises
14 Geographic Effects
14.1 Geographically generated local winds
14.2 Geographically modified flow
14.3 Urban heat island
14.4 References
14.5 Exercises
Appendices
A. Scaling variables and dimensionless groups
B. Notation
C. Useful constants, parameters and conversion factors
D. Derivation of virtual potential temperature
Subject Index
In:
Atmospheric sciences library, 13
Language:
English
Keywords:
Einführung
URL:
https://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/171703944.PDF
Bookmarklink
