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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning Using Concave and Convex Kernels: Applications in Predicting Quality of Sleep and Level of Fatigue in Fibromyalgia
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Entropy Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2019-04-28), p. 442-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2019-04-28), p. 442-
    Abstract: Fibromyalgia is a medical condition characterized by widespread muscle pain and tenderness and is often accompanied by fatigue and alteration in sleep, mood, and memory. Poor sleep quality and fatigue, as prominent characteristics of fibromyalgia, have a direct impact on patient behavior and quality of life. As such, the detection of extreme cases of sleep quality and fatigue level is a prerequisite for any intervention that can improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue level for people with fibromyalgia and enhance their daytime functionality. In this study, we propose a new supervised machine learning method called Learning Using Concave and Convex Kernels (LUCCK). This method employs similarity functions whose convexity or concavity can be configured so as to determine a model for each feature separately, and then uses this information to reweight the importance of each feature proportionally during classification. The data used for this study was collected from patients with fibromyalgia and consisted of blood volume pulse (BVP), 3-axis accelerometer, temperature, and electrodermal activity (EDA), recorded by an Empatica E4 wristband over the courses of several days, as well as a self-reported survey. Experiments on this dataset demonstrate that the proposed machine learning method outperforms conventional machine learning approaches in detecting extreme cases of poor sleep and fatigue in people with fibromyalgia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e21050442
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of an App-Based Mindfulness Intervention during Pregnancy on the Infant’s Prenatal Androgen Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 6142-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 6142-
    Abstract: Prenatal androgen exposure modulates the development of the brain, with lasting effects on its function and behavior over the infant’s life span. Environmental factors during pregnancy, in particular maternal stress, have been shown to influence the androgen load of the unborn child. We here addressed the research gap on whether a mindfulness intervention or a pregnancy education administered to pregnant women more affects the androgen exposure of the unborn child (quantified by the proxies of second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and anogenital distance assessed one year after delivery and at delivery, respectively). Moreover, we tested the mindfulness intervention’s effects on maternal perceived stress, anxiety, depressiveness, and mindfulness. Pregnant women (gestation weeks 8–14) were randomized to a 15-week app-based mindfulness-oriented intervention (N = 72) or a pregnancy education intervention (control condition; N = 74). The mindfulness-oriented group did not significantly differ from the pregnancy education group in infants’ 2D:4D or anogenital distance (partial η2 ≤ 0.01) or in maternal stress, anxiety, depressiveness, or mindfulness. However, the descriptive results indicate that across pregnancy, stress and anxiety decreased and mindfulness increased in both groups. Overall, this study did not show that the mindfulness intervention (relative to the pregnancy education) reduced the prenatal androgen exposure of the unborn children or improved the maternal outcomes significantly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196142
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is There a Balance in Oxidative-Antioxidant Status in Blood Serum of Patients with Advanced Endometriosis?
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-08), p. 1097-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-08), p. 1097-
    Abstract: Can redox homeostasis indicators be potential non-invasive markers, crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis? We checked if the differences in levels of serum oxidative-antioxidant balance parameters (TAS, FRAP, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid, iron, SIRT3, SIRT5, SIRT6, telomerase, AOPP) are significant between patients with advanced endometriosis (E), healthy women (control group, C) and non-endometriosis women, but with other gynecological disorders (NE). The FRAP concentrations were significantly higher in E and NE group than in the control group (p = 0.015 and p = 0.017, respectively). The telomerase concentrations were significantly higher in the endometriosis group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Significantly higher concentrations of AOPP were observed in E (p 〈 0.001) and NE groups (p = 0.028) in comparison to the control subjects. Between stages III and IV of endometriosis, a significant difference existed only in concentration of iron (p = 0.013). There were no significant differences between the studied groups in the values of the remaining parameters. Based on the results of ROC curve analysis, we can conclude that the levels of serum FRAP, telomerase and AOPP may be taken into account as promising diagnostics markers that reflect the degree of oxidative stress accompanying advanced endometriosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subgrouping a Large U.S. Sample of Patients with Fibromyalgia Using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 247-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 247-
    Abstract: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a heterogeneous and complex syndrome; different studies have tried to describe subgroups of FM patients, and a 4-cluster classification based on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQR) has been recently validated. This study aims to cross-validate this classification in a large US sample of FM patients. A pooled sample of 6280 patients was used. First, we computed a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) using FIQR scores at item level. Then, a latent profile analysis (LPA) served to confirm the accuracy of the taxonomy. Additionally, a cluster calculator was developed to estimate the predicted subgroup using an ordinal regression analysis. Self-reported clinical measures were used to examine the external validity of the subgroups in part of the sample. The HCA yielded a 4-subgroup distribution, which was confirmed by the LPA. Each cluster represented a different level of severity: “Mild–moderate”, “moderate”, “moderate–severe”, and “severe”. Significant differences between clusters were observed in most of the clinical measures (e.g., fatigue, sleep problems, anxiety). Interestingly, lower levels of education were associated with higher FM severity. This study corroborates a 4-cluster distribution based on FIQR scores to classify US adults with FM. The classification may have relevant clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010247
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    First-In-Class CD13-Targeted Tissue Factor tTF-NGR in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Malignant Tumors: Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-07), p. 1488-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-07), p. 1488-
    Abstract: Background: Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is present on tumor vasculature cells and some tumor cells. Truncated tissue factor (tTF) with a C-terminal NGR-peptide (tTF-NGR) binds to CD13 and causes tumor vascular thrombosis with infarction. Methods: We treated 17 patients with advanced cancer beyond standard therapies in a phase I study with tTF-NGR (1-h infusion, central venous access, 5 consecutive days, and rest periods of 2 weeks). The study allowed intraindividual dose escalations between cycles and established Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) by verification cohorts. Results: MTD was 3 mg/m2 tTF-NGR/day × 5, q day 22. DLT was an isolated and reversible elevation of high sensitivity (hs) Troponin T hs without clinical sequelae. Three thromboembolic events (grade 2), tTF-NGR-related besides other relevant risk factors, were reversible upon anticoagulation. Imaging by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed major tumor-specific reduction of blood flow in all measurable lesions as proof of principle for the mode of action of tTF-NGR. There were no responses as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), although some lesions showed intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis after tTF-NGR application. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a t1/2(terminal) of 8 to 9 h without accumulation in daily administrations. Conclusion: tTF-NGR is safely applicable with this regimen. Imaging showed selective reduction of tumor blood flow and intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061488
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Basis of Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome Spectrum with Associated Tumors and Consequences for Clinical Practice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 3083-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 3083-
    Abstract: Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is a congenital imprinting condition with a heterogenous clinical presentation of overgrowth and an increased childhood cancer risk (mainly nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma or neuroblastoma). Due to the varying clinical presentation encompassing classical, clinical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly, the syndromic entity was extended to the Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). The tumor risk of up to 30% depends on the molecular subtype of BWSp with causative genetic or epigenetic alterations in the chromosomal region 11p15.5. The molecular diagnosis of BWSp can be challenging for several reasons, including the range of causative molecular mechanisms which are frequently mosaic. The molecular basis of tumor formation appears to relate to stalled cellular differentiation in certain organs that predisposes persisting embryonic cells to accumulate additional molecular defects, which then results in a range of embryonal tumors. The molecular subtype of BWSp not only influences the overall risk of neoplasia, but also the likelihood of specific embryonal tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    PUFAs and Their Derivatives as Emerging Players in Diagnostics and Treatment of Male Fertility Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2023-05-10), p. 723-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2023-05-10), p. 723-
    Abstract: About 15% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility, with the male factor responsible for approximately 50% of reproductive failures. Male fertility can be influenced by various factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and diet, often associated with oxidative stress. These changes are frequently the reason for spermatozoan dysfunction, malformations, and lowered count. However, sometimes even with proper semen parameters, fertilization does not occur, and this is referred to as idiopathic infertility. Of particular importance may be molecules contained in the spermatozoan membrane or seminal plasma, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 (docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) and omega-6 (arachidonic acid) fatty acids and their derivatives (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, endocannabinoids, isoprostanes), which are vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress. In the present review, we discuss the influence of these molecules on human male reproductive health and its possible causes, including disrupted oxidative–antioxidative balance. The review also discusses the potential use of these molecules in the diagnostics and treatment of male infertility, with a particular focus on the innovative approach to isoprostanes as biomarkers for male infertility. Given the high occurrence of idiopathic male infertility, there is a need to explore new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16050723
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body—Friend or Foe?
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-02), p. 3088-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-02), p. 3088-
    Abstract: Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13093088
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Facial Phenotype in Adolescents: A Study Based on Meconium Ethyl Glucuronide
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-25), p. 154-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-25), p. 154-
    Abstract: Here, we explore the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in adolescence. We investigated associations between meconium ethyl glucoronide (EtG) and facial malformation. For 129 children (66/63 male/female; M = 13.3, SD = 0.32, 12–14 years), PAE was implemented by newborn meconium EtG and maternal self-reports during the third trimester. Cognitive development was operationalized by standardized scores (WISC V). The EtG cut-off values were set at ≥10 ng/g (n = 32, 24.8% EtG10+) and ≥112 ng/g (n = 20, 15.5% EtG112+). The craniofacial shape was measured using FAS Facial Photographic Analysis Software. EtG10+− and EtG112+-affected children exhibited a shorter palpebral fissure length (p = 0.031/p = 0.055). Lip circularity was smaller in EtG112+-affected children (p = 0.026). Maternal self-reports were not associated (p 〉 0.164). Lip circularity correlated with fluid reasoning (EtG10+ p = 0.031; EtG112+ p = 0.298) and working memory (EtG10+ p = 0.084; EtG112+ p = 0.144). The present study demonstrates visible effects of the facial phenotype in exposed adolescents. Facial malformation was associated with a child’s cognitive performance in the alcohol-exposed group. The EtG biomarker was a better predictor than maternal self-reports.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020154
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Bioinformatic Approaches to Validation and Functional Analysis of 3D Lung Cancer Models
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-09), p. 701-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-09), p. 701-
    Abstract: 3D models of cancer have the potential to improve basic, translational, and clinical studies. Patient-derived xenografts, spheroids, and organoids are broad categories of 3D models of cancer, and to date, these 3D models of cancer have been established for a variety of cancer types. In lung cancer, for example, 3D models offer a promising new avenue to gain novel insights into lung tumor biology and improve outcomes for patients afflicted with the number one cancer killer worldwide. However, the adoption and utility of these 3D models of cancer vary, and demonstrating the fidelity of these models is a critical first step before seeking meaningful applications. Here, we review use cases of current 3D lung cancer models and bioinformatic approaches to assessing model fidelity. Bioinformatics approaches play a key role in both validating 3D lung cancer models and high dimensional functional analyses to support downstream applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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