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  • 1
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    Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-11)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-11)
    Abstract: The impact of COVID-19 on social life has been drastic and global. However, the different numbers of cases and different actions in different countries have been leading to various interesting yet unexplored effects on human behavior. In the present study, we compare the physical activity and recreational screen time of a representative sample of 1711 4- to 17-year-olds before and during the strictest time of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. We found that sports activity declined whereas recreational screen time increased. However, a substantial increase in habitual physical activities leads to an overall increase in physical activity among children and adolescents in Germany. The effects differ in size but not in their direction between age groups and are stable for boys and girls. We conclude from this natural experiment that physical activity among children and adolescents is highly context-driven and mutual and does not act as a functional opposite to recreational screen time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
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    Trends in active commuting to school from 2003 to 2017 among children and adolescents from Germany: the MoMo Study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  European Journal of Public Health Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-04-24), p. 373-378
    Details
    In: European Journal of Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-04-24), p. 373-378
    Abstract: Inactivity in children and adolescents is a global issue requiring interventions that target different domains of physical activity, such as active transport. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, historical trends and socio-demographic correlates of active commuting to school (ACS) in a nationwide sample of girls and boys from Germany. Methods Data of commuting behaviour and socio-demographic factors were collected, covering three measurement points from 2003 to 2017. The MoMo Study derived its data from a representative sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years who answered a questionnaire (N = 11 387). Statistically significant differences between Baseline, Wave 1 and Wave 2 were determined via 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for complex samples. Results Overall, ACS decreased from 84.4% at the first measurement point to 78.3% in the third measurement point. The proportion of cases in which children opted for passive modes of commuting increased predominantly in those aged 4–5 years, in children with a low-to-medium socio-economic status, and in children residing in small- or medium-sized towns. No gender differences were found in active commuting. The results of multinomial logistic regression identified age, migration background and residential area as correlates of walking for boys. For girls, the likelihood of walking, cycling and taking public transport instead of opting for motorized transport increased with age. Conclusions Intervention programmes to increase active transport in children and adolescents should target different age groups and also consider parental influence in determining the child’s choice of transport mode.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1101-1262 , 1464-360X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa141
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033525-8
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  • 3
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    Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Published after 2006
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 16 ( 2020-08-05), p. 5671-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 16 ( 2020-08-05), p. 5671-
    Abstract: Physical fitness (PF) of children and adolescents is an important resource for their future health. Population-based studies, however, rarely report secular changes of PF, although monitoring of these is crucial to deriving information for adequate interventions. This review aims to report trends in PF of children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in PubMed in July 2019. Cohort studies published in English allowing statements to be made on trends in PF by comparing youth between the ages of four and 18 years were included. The review identified 24 studies from 16 countries meeting the inclusion criteria, with an overall sample size of more than 860,000 children and adolescents. Through a standardized quality assessment tool, we classified two studies as strong, 21 as moderate, and only one as weak. We analyzed specific secular trends separately for the five different dimensions: endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, and coordination. The majority of studies report a decline of PF over time; however, a few studies report conflicting results. Performance in endurance, strength, and flexibility decreased over time, whereas there was no consistent trend reported for speed and coordination. Overall, there is no international standard on examining and reporting changes or secular trends in PF of children and adolescents, and comparability of studies is limited due to heterogeneous conditions of conducting and analyzing PF tests. Consequently, standardized and consistent international monitoring should be implemented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165671
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Predictive value of physical fitness on self‐rated health: A longitudinal study
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports Vol. 31, No. S1 ( 2021-04), p. 56-64
    Details
    In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. S1 ( 2021-04), p. 56-64
    Abstract: The self‐rated health of adolescents and young adults is important for estimating future morbidities and mortality. Little is known about how physical fitness in younger populations predicts self‐rated health. This longitudinal study (2003‐2017) aims to explore the effects of physical fitness on self‐rated health on the basis of the German population–based study KiGGS and its in‐depth study, MoMo. Methods Self‐rated health was assessed using a one‐item scale, and physical fitness was measured with seven test items covering the dimensions of coordination, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using the structural equation modeling approach in Mplus 8.0 using the maximum likelihood estimator. Results The longitudinal samples of the KiGGS/MoMo study (T1, n = 2376; T2, n = 2821; and T3, n = 2047) had a mean age of 8.5, 14.8, and 20.0 years at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. All measurement and structural models had excellent model fits. While the results of the latent regression analysis indicated moderate‐to‐high stability for the coordination and muscular fitness dimensions, only low‐to‐moderate stability coefficients were found for cardiorespiratory fitness and self‐rated health. Furthermore, small significant cross‐lagged regression coefficients revealed that coordination and muscular fitness predicted self‐rated health at later measurement points. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate the positive predictive value of two dimensions of physical fitness, coordination and muscular fitness, on self‐rated health at a later stage. The public health implications are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0905-7188 , 1600-0838
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/sms.v31.s1
    DOI: 10.1111/sms.13841
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025503-2
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
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    Population density predicts youth's physical activity changes during Covid-19 – Results from the MoMo study
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Health & Place Vol. 70 ( 2021-07), p. 102619-
    Details
    In: Health & Place, Elsevier BV, Vol. 70 ( 2021-07), p. 102619-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1353-8292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102619
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006340-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Comparison of self-reported & device-based, measured physical activity among children in Germany
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: As children show a more complex but less structured movement behavior than adults, assessment of their many spontaneous and impulsive movements is a challenge for physical activity (PA) assessment. Since neither questionnaires nor accelerometers enable optimal detection of all facets of PA, a multimodal, combined approach of self-reported and device-based methods is recommended. Based on the number of days on which the participants reached the physical activity (PA) values given in the WHO guideline, this study examines 1) the difference between self-reported and device-based, measured PA and 2) whether PA differences between age and gender groups obtained by two methods are comparable. Methods Participants aged 6–17 years were randomly chosen and data were collected representatively at 167 sample points throughout Germany within the Motorik-Modul Study. PA of n  = 2694 participants (52.3% female) was measured using the ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC) and a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). The sample was divided into three age groups (6–10 yrs. n  = 788, 11–13 yrs. n  = 823, 14–17 yrs. n  = 1083). Numbers of days per week with at least 60 min moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were analyzed for both methods. Results Only every 25th respondent (4%) reaches the WHO standard of 60 min MVPA every day if measured with ACC. Self-reported PA was slightly higher (9%) (mean PAQ  = 3.82 days; mean ACC  = 2.34 days; F method  = 915.85; p =   〈 .001; f Cohen  = .64). The differences between the methods are significantly smaller in younger children than in the older age groups ( F age  = 264.2, p   〈  .001; f Cohen  = .48). The older the subjects are, the lower is the proportion of those who meet the WHO guideline on each day, with girls meeting the guideline less frequently than boys in all age groups. Conclusion Children and adolescents living in Germany show a very low adherence to the WHO guideline on PA. While younger children are much more active with their free play, especially children over 10 years of age and especially girls should be the target of programs to increase PA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11114-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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  • 7
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    Reply to Kersting et al. Comment on “Wunsch et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study. Children 2021, 8, 98”
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 533-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 533-
    Abstract: In reply to the comment of Kersting et al [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8070533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 8
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    Einfluss sozioökonomischer Variablen auf die körperlich-sportliche Aktivität und Bildschirmmediennutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen während des COVID‑19-Lockdowns in Deutschland: die MoMo-Studie
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 362-373
    Details
    In: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 362-373
    Abstract: The COVID‑19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic created a multitude of natural experiments about the change of human behavior in a widely unfamiliar situation. Besides physical and mental health, physical activity (PA) and people’s movement behaviors were of particular interest to researchers all over the world. In a recent study, we found that among youth in Germany, sports activity declined, whereas recreational screen time and habitual activity increased during the first COVID‑19 lockdown. In the present study, we analyze the influence of the socioeconomic status and the housing situation on the changes in PA behavior and recreational screen-time before and during the first COVID‑19 lockdown among children and adolescents living in Germany. We found an alignment of PA behavior among youth from families with different socioeconomic backgrounds during the first lockdown and identified the housing situation to be a meaningful predictor of the increase in habitual activity. We conclude that restriction policies, communities, and in the last instance parents need to enable access to nonorganized PA to all children and adolescents every day and especially during potential future lockdowns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2509-3142 , 2509-3150
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00783-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2879774-7
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  • 9
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    Relating outdoor play to sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth - results from a cohort study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Outdoor play, sedentary behavior (SB), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are related to youth’s health, however, there are research gaps regarding 1) associations between outdoor play, SB, and MVPA across a broad pediatric age range (6–17 years), and 2) longitudinal associations between outdoor play, SB, and MVPA across childhood and adolescence. Two studies were conducted to address those research gaps: Study 1 aimed to investigate relationships between outdoor play and accelerometer-assessed SB and MVPA in a cross-sectional nationwide sample of children and adolescents in Germany. Study 2 aimed to investigate prospective associations between outdoor play and self-reported screen-time SB and MVPA and in a sample of children with three measurement timepoints across 11 years. Methods Data were obtained of the German national representative Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Study and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). In Study 1, N  = 2278 participants (6–17 years) were included with self-reported outdoor play and accelerometer-assessed SB and MVPA. Associations were examined via multiple linear regressions. In Study 2, N  = 570 participants (baseline: 4–7 years) were included in the longitudinal analysis with follow-ups six and 11 years later. Screen-time SB (TV watching and PC/Gaming), MVPA, and outdoor play were self-reported. Associations were investigated through a path prediction model. Results Study 1 showed that compared to 〈 1 h outdoor play, higher engagement in daily outdoor play was related to lower SB (1-2 h: − 9.75 min/day, P  = 0.017; ≥2 h: − 17.78 min/day, P   〈  0.001) and higher MVPA (≥2 h: + 3.87 min/day, P  = 0.001). The cross-sectional relationship between MVPA and outdoor play was moderated by sex (in favor of males) and age (in favor of younger children). Study 2 showed that outdoor play in early childhood negatively predicted PC use/Gaming in later childhood, but was unrelated to MVPA. Conclusion In Study 1, outdoor play was negatively related to SB cross-sectionally. In Study 2, outdoor play in early childhood was negatively related to PC and Gaming time in later childhood. Thus, providing outdoor play opportunities, especially during early childhood, has potential to prevent SB. Future research should investigate longitudinal relationships using device-based assessments for SB and MVPA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11754-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Urban-Rural Differences in Children’s and Adolescent’s Physical Activity and Screen-Time Trends Across 15 Years
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Health Education & Behavior Vol. 49, No. 5 ( 2022-10), p. 789-800
    Details
    In: Health Education & Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 49, No. 5 ( 2022-10), p. 789-800
    Abstract: Urban and rural areas have been experiencing major demographic and structural changes, characterized by an aging population in rural areas and a growth of cities in number and size. However, it is poorly researched how children’s physical activity and screen time developed in urban and rural areas. To address this deficit, we investigated physical activity and screen-time trends in Germany’s pediatric population across four urbanicity levels (rural, small town, medium-sized town, city). Method We obtained weighted data at three cross-sectional timepoints between 2003 and 2017, representative for Germany’s child and adolescent population. Physical activity and screen time were self-reported. We analyzed trends using a structural equation modeling framework for the overall sample and calculated interactions between the trends and age and gender, respectively. Results In total, 12,161 children and adolescents between 4 and 17 years participated in the study. Children and adolescents in rural areas experienced a downward trend in total physical activity. Outdoor play and leisure-time physical activity decreased across all areas, with the strongest decline in rural areas. Computer and gaming time increased across all areas except for cities, with the sharpest increase in rural areas. The decline in outdoor play and the incline in computer and gaming time were driven by adolescents. Females showed stronger increases in computer and gaming time than males. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in a representative sample of children and adolescents in Germany, detrimental trends in children’s physical activity and screen time occur at a higher rate in rural areas compared with urban environments. This provides critical information for health policy: While all children and adolescents should be targeted for physical activity promotion, a special focus should be on tailoring interventions for rural areas to prevent and mitigate inequalities in physical activity across urban and rural areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1090-1981 , 1552-6127
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10901981221090153
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2082564-X
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