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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Differences in sport-related concussion for female and male athletes in comparable collegiate sports: a study from the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 55, No. 24 ( 2021-12), p. 1387-1394
    Details
    In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 55, No. 24 ( 2021-12), p. 1387-1394
    Abstract: To examine sex differences in sport-related concussion (SRC) across comparable sports. Methods Prospective cohort of collegiate athletes enrolled between 2014 and 2017 in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium study. Results Among 1071 concussions (females=615; 57.4%), there was no difference in recovery (median days to full return to play) (females=13.5 (IQR 9.0, 23.1) vs males=11.8 (IQR 8.1, 19.0), p=0.96). In subgroup analyses, female recovery was longer in contact (females=12.7 days (IQR 8.8, 21.4) vs males=11.0 days (IQR 7.9, 16.2), p=0.0021), while male recovery was longer in limited contact sports (males=16.9 days (IQR 9.7, 101.7) vs females=13.8 days (IQR 9.1, 22.0), p 〈 0.0001). There was no overall difference in recovery among Division I schools (females=13.7 (IQR 9.0, 23.1) vs males=12.2 (IQR 8.2 19.7), p=0.5), but females had longer recovery at the Division II/III levels (females=13.0 (IQR 9.2, 22.7) vs males=10.6 (IQR 8.1, 13.9), p=0.0048). Conclusion Overall, no difference in recovery between sexes across comparable women’s and men’s sports in this collegiate cohort was found. However, females in contact and males in limited contact sports experienced longer recovery times, while females had longer recovery times at the Division II/III level. These disparate outcomes indicate that, while intrinsic biological sex differences in concussion recovery may exist, important, modifiable extrinsic factors may play a role in concussion outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103316
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
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    Aetiology and prevalence of mixed-infections and mono-infections in non-gonococcal urethritis in men: a case-control study
    BMJ ; 2020
    In:  Sexually Transmitted Infections Vol. 96, No. 4 ( 2020-06), p. 306-311
    Details
    In: Sexually Transmitted Infections, BMJ, Vol. 96, No. 4 ( 2020-06), p. 306-311
    Abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) cause the majority of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). The role of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in NGU is unclear. Prior case–control studies that examined the association of UU and NGU may have been confounded by mixed infections and less stringent criteria for controls. The objective of this case–control study was to determine the prevalence and aetiology of mixed infections in men and assess if UU monoinfection is associated with NGU. Methods We identified 155 men with NGU and 103 controls. Behavioural and clinical information was obtained and men were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and CT, MG, UU and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Men who were five-pathogen negative were classified as idiopathic urethritis (IU). Results Twelve per cent of NGU cases in which a pathogen was identified had mixed infections, mostly UU coinfections with MG or CT; 27% had IU. In monoinfected NGU cases, 34% had CT, 17% had MG, 11% had UU and 2% had TV. In controls, pathogens were rarely identified, except for UU, which was present in 20%. Comparing cases and controls, NGU was associated with CT and MG monoinfections and mixed infections. UU monoinfection was not associated with NGU and was almost twice as prevalent in controls. Men in both the case and control groups who were younger and who reported no prior NGU diagnosis were more likely to have UU (OR 0.97 per year of age, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.998 and OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 28.5, respectively). Conclusions Mixed infections are common in men with NGU and most of these are UU coinfections with other pathogens that are well-established causes of NGU. UU monoinfections are not associated with NGU and are common in younger men and men who have never previously had NGU. Almost half of NGU cases are idiopathic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-4973 , 1472-3263
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054121
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027968-1
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