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  • Littlefield, Warren M.  (4)
  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (4)
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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (4)
RVK
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1972
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 51, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1972-01-01), p. 93-93
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 51, No. 1A_Supplement ( 1972-01-01), p. 93-93
    Abstract: The fact that spike discharges of spontaneously active cochlear nerve fibers demonstrate phase locking in response to low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli at signal levels substantially lower than those required to generate a change in spike discharge rate has led us to investigate the properties of the following response criterion. We evaluate the index of modulation of the spike discharge rate as a result of the sinusoidal stimulus. Period histograms are modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson process. Using maximum likelihood techniques, we estimate the index of modulation and the phase difference between the stimulus and the response. We have acquired data similar to “tuning curves” showing as a function of frequency the stimulus level necessary to maintain an arbitrary fixed level of modulation along with the corresponding stimulus-response phase relations for the complete response-band of fibers with low CF ( & lt;3 kHz), and for low-frequency portions of the response-band of fibers with high CF ( & gt;3 kHz). We compare these results to those obtained using other response criteria, and examine their relationship to cochlear mechanics and cochlear microphonics. [This investigation was supported by PHS research grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1972
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1974
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 55, No. 2_Supplement ( 1974-02-01), p. 467-467
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 55, No. 2_Supplement ( 1974-02-01), p. 467-467
    Abstract: Fourier analyses have been conducted upon period histograms of responses of single cochlear nerve fibers to a pair of phase-locked, equal-amplitude tones whose frequencies f1 and f2 in relation to the characteristic frequency (CF) of the nerve fiber under study are given by the ratio CF:f1:f2 = i:j:k, where i, j, and k are positive integers satisfying i & lt;j & lt;k and i = 2j−k (typically i = 10, j = 11, and k = 12). For moderate-to-high stimulus levels, the relative level of the 2f1−f2 component with respect to the primary components changes only slightly, which is consistent with the previous report by Goldstein and Kiang [Proc. IEEE 56, 981 (1968)]. Confirming the prediction of a nonlinear basilar-membrane model which showed the above high-level property of the distortion component 2f1−f2 as well as a smooth transition into effectively linear response characteristics for sufficiently low input levels [Kim et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 324 (1973)] , we have observed that the 2f1−f2 component in cochlear nerve responses decreases with decreasing stimulus levels faster than the primary components for low stimulus, levels. The low-level characteristic of the 2f1−f3 component leads to a theoretically important conclusion that the 2f1−f2 combination tone in responses of a cochlear nerve fiber is not a result of an essential nonlinearity, and supports the linear characterization [Littlefield et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54 (1973) (in press)] of single cochlear nerve fiber responses for the most sensitive region of the response area corresponding to low stimulus levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1974
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1973
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 283-283
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 283-283
    Abstract: A previously reported model for basilar-membrane motion [Kim et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 53 (1973)] generates many nonlinear phenomena observed in responses of single cochlear nerve fibers including combination tones (n+1)f1−nf2, where f1 & lt;f2, but does not account for other cochlear nerve nonlinear phenomena such as distortion components f2−f1, 2f1, f1+f2, and 2f2 which we have observed. Augmenting the basilar-membrane model by adding a noise waveform, rectification, and refractory effects produces a model with spike-discharge activity of single cochlear nerve fibers as the output and stapes displacement as the input. This model simulates (a) the linear response characteristics of spontaneously active cochlear nerve fibers at sufficiently low input levels (Littlefield et al., paper K5); (b) most of the nonlinear response characteristics of single cochlear nerve fibers at moderate-to-high input levels; (c) the smooth transition from the linear to the nonlinear response patterns; and (d) the observed lack of suppression of spontaneous activity by an externally applied tone. [This study was supported in part by grants from the U. S. Public Health Service.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1973
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1973
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 283-283
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 283-283
    Abstract: We have obtained experimental evidence that the response activity of spontaneously active cochlear nerve fibers is effectively linear over a certain range of parameters. These results were obtained by examining the Fourier transforms of period histograms of discharge activity in response to one- and two-tone stimulation. The following four bounds describe a range of parameters in which the statistical response patterns of a cochlear nerve fiber in all experiments to date (more than 75 fibers) are consistent with a linear hypothesis: (1) stimulus frequency & lt;2 kHz; (2) SL (stimulus level) & lt;40 dB SPL; (3) A  & lt; Amax = (8/N)12 (where N is the total number of spike discharges in the histogram and A equals 2/N times the magnitude of the appropriate Fourier component); (4) the two tones must satisfy the constraint that the absolute difference between each SL (Amax) & lt;20 dB. Linear responses have been obtained well outside this range, but no statistically significant nonlinear behavior has been witnessed inside this range with histograms having N = 8000 to 16 000 spikes. On the basis of these results, for example, we can conclude that no essential nonlinearities exist in this range. The latter conclusion is also supported by other data from this study that show that all distortion components measurable, f2−f1, f1+f1, 2f1, 2f2, 2f1−f2, 2f2−f1, etc., have been observed to fall off with decreasing stimulus level faster than the primaries f1 and f2. [This work was supported in part by grants from the U. S. Public Health Service.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1973
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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