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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Deleterious Effects of COVID-19 in the Peripartum Period: A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pediatric Reports Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-06-16), p. 334-339
    Details
    In: Pediatric Reports, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-06-16), p. 334-339
    Abstract: While the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to wreak havoc across the nation and the globe as one of the most significant global health crises of our time, recent attention has been turned to the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and the puerperium. Although most cases have been asymptomatic, for some patients, the disease may be accompanied by serious complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, multi organ failure, and death. Several case studies have noted that patients with co-morbidities are at a significant risk of these complications. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, authors conclude that cardiovascular disease was associated with increased composite poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. The following case report highlights the multi-system complications and severity of symptoms that can take place after childbirth in a patient with co-morbid obstetric and prenatal conditions and an initially asymptomatic COVID-19 infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2036-7503
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020041
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572005-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of Bone Marrow Edema in Patients with Osteoid Osteoma Using Three-Material Decomposition with Dual-Layer Spectral CT
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-26), p. 953-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-26), p. 953-
    Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess whether perifocal bone marrow edema (BME) in patients with osteoid osteoma (OO) can be accurately detected on dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) with three-material decomposition. To that end, 18 patients with OO (25.33 ± 12.44 years; 7 females) were pairwise-matched with 18 patients (26.72 ± 9.65 years; 9 females) admitted for suspected pathologies other than OO in the same anatomic location but negative imaging findings. All patients were examined with DLCT and MRI. DLCT data was decomposed into hydroxyapatite and water- and fat-equivalent volume fraction maps. Two radiologists assessed DLCT-based volume fraction maps for the presence of perifocal BME, using a Likert scale (1 = no edema; 2 = likely no edema; 3 = likely edema; 4 = edema). Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the detection of BME on DLCT were analyzed using MR findings as standard of reference. For the detection of BME in patients with OO, DLCT showed a sensitivity of 0.92, a specificity of 0.94, and an accuracy of 0.92 for both radiologists. Interreader agreement for the assessment of BME with DLCT was substantial (weighted κ = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59, 0.94). DLCT with material-specific volume fraction maps allowed accurate detection of BME in patients with OO. This may spare patients additional examinations and facilitate the diagnosis of OO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060953
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metallurgical Coke Production with Biomass Additives: Study of Biocoke Properties for Blast Furnace and Submerged Arc Furnace Purposes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2022-02-01), p. 1147-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2022-02-01), p. 1147-
    Abstract: Biocoke has the potential to reduce the fossil-based materials in metallurgical processes, along with mitigating anthropogenic CO2- and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing those emissions is possible by using bio-based carbon, which is CO2-neutral, as a partial replacement of fossil carbon. In this paper, the effect of adding 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 wt.% biomass pellets on the reactivity, the physicomechanical, and electrical properties of biocoke was established to assess the possibility of using it as a fuel and reducing agent for a blast furnace (BF) or as a carbon source in a submerged arc furnace (SAF). Biocoke was obtained under laboratory conditions at final coking temperatures of 950 or 1100 °C. Research results indicate that for BF purposes, 5 wt.% biomass additives are the maximum as the reactivity increases and the strength after reaction with CO2 decreases. On the other hand, biocoke’s physicomechanical and electrical properties, obtained at a carbonization temperature of 950 °C, can be considered a promising option for the SAF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15031147
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TUBE Project: Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 311-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 311-
    Abstract: The adverse effects of air pollutants on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are unquestionable. However, in recent years, indications of effects beyond these organ systems have become more evident. Traffic-related air pollution has been linked with neurological diseases, exacerbated cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the exact air pollutant compositions and exposure scenarios leading to these adverse health effects are not known. Although several components of air pollution may be at play, recent experimental studies point to a key role of ultrafine particles (UFPs). While the importance of UFPs has been recognized, almost nothing is known about the smallest fraction of UFPs, and only 〉 23 nm emissions are regulated in the EU. Moreover, the role of the semivolatile fraction of the emissions has been neglected. The Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects (TUBE) project will increase knowledge on harmful ultrafine air pollutants, as well as semivolatile compounds related to adverse health effects. By including all the major current combustion and emission control technologies, the TUBE project aims to provide new information on the adverse health effects of current traffic, as well as information for decision makers to develop more effective emission legislation. Most importantly, the TUBE project will include adverse health effects beyond the respiratory system; TUBE will assess how air pollution affects the brain and how air pollution particles might be removed from the brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the TUBE project, its background, and its goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010311
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contribution of the Commensal Microflora to the Immunological Homeostasis and the Importance of Immune-Related Drug Development for Clinical Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-18), p. 8896-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-18), p. 8896-
    Abstract: Not long ago, self-reactive immune activity was considered as pathological trait. A paradigm shift has now led to the recognition of autoimmune processes as part of natural maintenance of molecular homeostasis. The immune system is assigned further roles beneath the defense against pathogenic organisms. Regarding the humoral immune system, the investigation of natural autoantibodies that are frequently found in healthy individuals has led to further hypotheses involving natural autoimmunity in other processes as the clearing of cellular debris or decrease in inflammatory processes. However, their role and origin have not been entirely clarified, but accumulating evidence links their formation to immune reactions against the gut microbiome. Antibodies targeting highly conserved proteins of the commensal microflora are suggested to show self-reactive properties, following the paradigm of the molecular mimicry. Here, we discuss recent findings, which demonstrate potential links of the commensal microflora to the immunological homeostasis and highlight the possible implications for various diseases. Furthermore, specific components of the immune system, especially antibodies, have become a focus of attention for the medical management of various diseases and provide attractive treatment options in the future. Nevertheless, the development and optimization of such macromolecules still represents a very time-consuming task, shifting the need to more medical agents with simple structural properties and low manufacturing costs. Synthesizing only the biologically active sites of antibodies has become of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry and offers a wide range of therapeutic application areas as it will be discussed in the present review article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168896
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Blind Man Leads a Blind Man? Personalised Nutrition-Related Attitudes, Knowledge and Behaviours of Fitness Trainers in Hungary
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-29), p. 663-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-29), p. 663-
    Abstract: It is well-documented that fitness trainers could play an important role in the nutrition-related behaviour of their clients based on their personalised nutrition-related counselling activities, but there are considerable concerns all over the world about the level of their knowledge to become nutritional coaches. In the framework of the current study based on qualitative (focus-group interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire and analysis of responses by multivariable methods, as well as structural equation modelling) methods, it has been proven that (1) theoretically, both the trainers and the dietitians acknowledge the importance of cooperation in the optimisation of coaching efficiency and advisory work due to some “professional jealousness” and differences in professional background, as well as in culture, so it is hard to find a common platform for cooperation, especially in market segments characterised by relative low levels of purchasing power; (2) due to lack of regulation, there is a high heterogeneity of professional competences of trainers in general and their nutritional competences, in particular; (3) the majority of trainers do not have an objective picture on his/her effective nutritional knowledge, and they often offer a much wider scope of services (e.g., nutritional counselling for clients with chronic diseases) which are well beyond their professional knowledge and (4) the dietary guidelines have not become an integral part of professional knowledge, even at the level of specialists. To improve the current—in some cases, dangerous—situation, the following steps should be taken: (1) enhancement of the level of professional qualification of future trainers, integrating the practice-oriented approaches and emphasising the role of teamwork by simulation-based practices; (2) highlighting in a clear way the professional and ethical boundaries of the activities of trainers and (3) working out an efficient incentive system for the continuous professional development of trainers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12030663
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Epidermal Barrier Integrity in Adults with Classic Atopic Dermatitis, Atopic Prurigo and Non-Atopic Prurigo Nodularis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biology Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-07), p. 1008-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-07), p. 1008-
    Abstract: A deficient epidermal barrier is a key feature of atopic dermatitis (AD) and comprises altered lipid and protein content and composition of the stratum corneum resulting in disturbed water balance. Clinically, eczematous lesions on dry skin and pruritus develop. Pruritic nodules occur in prurigo nodularis (PN), another chronic skin disease, which can be associated with atopy. We aimed at comparing the three clinical pictures, classic AD, atopic prurigo (AP), and non-atopic PN, to healthy controls regarding the epidermal barrier. We determined clinical parameters and performed biophysical measurements, histology/immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular biological analysis. We found distinctively elevated clinical scores, reduced hydration and increased transepidermal water loss, epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation reduced filaggrin and increased loricrin and involucrin expression, as well as reduced intercellular lipid lamellae in all three disease groups. These findings show a severe disruption in epidermal barrier structure and function in all three disorders so that epidermal barrier impairment is now proven not only for AD but also for PN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology10101008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biology Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-08), p. 1296-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-08), p. 1296-
    Abstract: Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology10121296
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    A Scalable High-Throughput Deposition and Screening Setup Relevant to Industrial Electrocatalysis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-12), p. 1165-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-12), p. 1165-
    Abstract: The identification and optimization of electrode materials is of great importance in the study of (flow and solid state) batteries, industrial electrocatalysis and analytical devices such as sensors. To identify useful materials from a virtually unbound set of metals, alloys and semiconductors, high-throughput techniques are of vital importance. In this paper we present a high-throughput setup that consists of 64 parallel plate electrochemical flow cells, with the anode and cathode compartments separated by a membrane. These cells can be operated sequentially or batch-wise in parallel, using a matrix-addressing approach that allows for scaling up to larger electrode matrices with minimal instrumentation cost. The setup was validated for the preparation and screening of electrode materials under hydrodynamic conditions at industrially relevant current densities, which showed that it could be used to identify optimal catalysts and the robustness of catalyst preparation. The results of the small scale experiments followed theoretical predictions and were used to optimize larger scale experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal10101165
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Thermal Neutron and Hard X-ray Dark-Field Tomography
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Imaging Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 1-
    Details
    In: Journal of Imaging, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 1-
    Abstract: High visibility (0.56) neutron-based multi-modal imaging with a Talbot–Lau interferometer at a wavelength of 1.6 Å is reported. A tomography scan of a strongly absorbing quartz geode sample was performed with both the neutron and an X-ray grating interferometer (70 kVp) for a quantitative comparison. Small scattering structures embedded in the absorbing silica matrix were well resolved in neutron dark-field CT slices with a spatial resolution of about 300 μm. Beneficial effects, such as monochromaticity and stronger penetration power of the used neutron radiation, helped to avoid the beam hardening-related artificial dark-field signal which was present in the X-ray data. Both dark-field modalities show mostly the same structures; however, some scattering features appear only in the neutron domain. Potential applications of combined X-ray and neutron multi-modal CT enabling one to probe both the nuclear and the electron density-related structural properties are discussed. strongly absorbing samples are now accessible for the dark-field modality by the use of thermal neutrons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-433X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2824270-1
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