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  • Wiley  (29)
  • Westermann, D. T.  (29)
  • 1
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    Nitrogen Fertilization of Wheat No-Till Planted in Alfalfa Stubble
    Wiley ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Production Agriculture Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 1993-07), p. 404-408
    Details
    In: Journal of Production Agriculture, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 1993-07), p. 404-408
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0890-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jpa1993.0404
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2806272-3
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  • 2
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    Plant Population Effects on the Seed Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. 1
    Wiley ; 1976
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 1976-11), p. 958-960
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 1976-11), p. 958-960
    Abstract: Seed yields of Phaseolus vulgaris L. have not increased under the current production systems even with more precise management inputs. Recent studies of snap beans grown for processing suggested that yields could be increased by high density planting. Our study was made to evaluate the effects of plant populations on the seed yields of four representative field and snap bean cultivars grown under sprinkler irrigation on a Portneuf silt loam (Xerollic Calciorthid). Two cultivars each of bush snap beans and semivining field beans were grown in plant populations of 107,600 to 968,700 plants/ha in nearly equidistant plant arrangements. The optimum plant population for seed yield for the bush cultivars was approximately 400,000 plants/ ha and less than 300,000 plants/ha for the semivining cultivars. At smaller plant populations, seed yields decreased for the bush cultivars and remained constant for the semivining cultivars. The harvest index (seed weight/ total plant weight) increased slightly for the bush cultivars as their plant population decreased, but remained constant for the semivining cultivars up to 300,000 plants/ ha, then increased rapidly. The production index (seed yield/amount seeded) increased curvilinearly as plant population decreased for all cultivars. Plant maturity was advanced 7 to 10 days at the highest plant populations for all cultivars. Pods were located at upper nodes on the plants as the populations increased. These results suggest that greater seed yields could be expected with the equidistant plant arrangements as compared with conventional row plantings for the bush cultivars, but not for the semivining cultivars, primarily because of the ability of the semivining cultivars to compensate for the increased area/plant at smaller plant populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800060029x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 3
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    Nitrogen Requirements of Potatoes 1
    Wiley ; 1985
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 77, No. 4 ( 1985-07), p. 616-621
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. 4 ( 1985-07), p. 616-621
    Abstract: Nitrogen fertilizer applications, for maximum fertilizer efficiencies and crop yields, should be based on the N required by the crop during its various growth stages. The objectives of this paper were to identify the N requirements of the potato plant ( Solanum tuberosum L.) during growth and to evaluate selected soil and plant tissue tests as indicators of the plant's N status. Growth analysis data and soil and petiole NO 3 ‐N concentrations were obtained at predetermined time intervals from N fertilization treatments in replicated field studies on a coarse‐silty mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthrid soil. Maximum early tuber growth occurred when leaf area index was between 2.5 and 3.2 and the tops contained between 79 and 100 kg N ha −1 at the start of linear tuber growth. A preplant N fertilizer application between 67 and 134 kg ha −1 gave these characteristics under the experimental conditions. The maximum dry matter production rate per day (approx. 250 kg ha −1 ) occurred when there was between 80 and 140 kg N ha −1 in the plant tops and roots. An average tuber growth rate of 0.75 Mg ha −1 day −1 required a N uptake rate of 3.7 kg ha −1 day −1 to prevent the loss of N and dry matter from the tops and roots. Sufficient N was available for this rate when the soil NO 3 ‐N concentration was 〉 7.5 mg kg −1 (0.46‐m soil depth), corresponding to 15 000 mg kg −1 NO 3 ‐N in the fourth petiole. Soil and petiole NO 3 ‐N concentrations may be used to adjust the N fertilization rates during the growing season. This practice has the potential of increasing the overall N fertilizer use efficiency and final tuber yields within the climatic, disease, and variety limitations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700040024x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 4
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    Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Utilization by Six Potato Cultivars 1
    Wiley ; 1981
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 1981-09), p. 799-802
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 1981-09), p. 799-802
    Abstract: The rate and duration of tuber growth largely determines the final potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yields. Cultivars that continue leaf development and nutrient uptake while maintaining maximum tuber growth rates may have higher final tuber yields, yet different N requirements. The objective of this study was to obtain information relating plant growth rates to N availability for selected potato cultivars. Total dry matter accumulation and N assimilation patterns of indeterminant cultivars, ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Lemhi Russet’, ‘Centennial Russet’, and one advanced selection A66107‐51, were compared with that of two determinant cultivars, ‘Pioneer’ and ‘Norgold Russet’, at three N levels. Cultivars were grown in a field experiment on a Portneuf silt‐loam soil (Xerollic Calciorthids). High available soil N levels at planting delayed the linear potato tuber growth period 7 to 10 days but had minor effects on the time of tuber initiation for the indeterminant varieties. Maximum tuber growth rates (tuber bulking) were 900 to 1,300 kg/ha/day. A66107‐51 was superior in N‐use efficiency to the other cultivars. Between 70 and 100% of the total available N was utilized by this cultivar in producing high yields. This information may be used to select lines and cultvars that will optimize production. A knowledge of plant growth and N uptake rates can improve the fertilizer recommendations for each cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1981.00021962007300050013x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 5
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    Nitrogen Placement, Row Spacing, and Furrow Irrigation Water Positioning Effects on Corn Yield
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 92, No. 6 ( 2000-11), p. 1266-1275
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 92, No. 6 ( 2000-11), p. 1266-1275
    Abstract: Furrow irrigation often leaches NO 3 –N. We hypothesized that banding and sidedressing N fertilizer on a nonirrigated side of a corn ( Zea mays L.) row would maintain yield and decrease NO 3 –N leaching. In a 2‐yr field study in southern Idaho on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), we evaluated the effects of (i) N placement (broadcast vs. banded), (ii) row spacing (0.76 m vs. a modified 0.56 m), and (iii) irrigation water positioning (applying water to the same side or alternating sides of a row with successive irrigations) on field corn yield and N uptake. We irrigated every second furrow nine times in 1988 and seven times in 1989. Compared with broadcasting, banding maintained grain yield in 1988 and increased it by 11% in 1989. Where N was banded in 0.56‐m rows in 1989, silage yield when only the nonfertilized furrow was irrigated was 22.9 Mg ha −1 , which was 22% greater than when alternating furrows were irrigated. Compared with 0.56‐m rows, the 0.76‐m rows had no effect on 2‐yr average grain yield but tended to increase 2‐yr average silage N. Banding N on one side of a row, rather than broadcasting, and applying water all season to the furrow on the other side of the row maintained or increased grain yield, increased silage yield by up to 26%, and increased N uptake in silage by up to 21%, particularly from N‐depleted profiles. Applying water to the same furrow, rather than alternating furrows, did not reduce yield or N uptake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj2000.9261266x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 6
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    Tillage and Nitrogen Placement Effects on Nutrient Uptake by Potato
    Wiley ; 1996
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 1996-09), p. 1448-1453
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 1996-09), p. 1448-1453
    Abstract: Deep tillage of compacted soils can improve potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield and quality if no other production factors are limiting. We hypothesized that within‐row subsoiling and N placement would affect tuber yields and availability of plant nutrients. Potato (cv. Russet Burbank) was grown after winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in 1989 and after dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 1990 on a furrow irrigated Portneuf silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Fall tillage treatments (disking, chiseling, and moldboard plowing) were split with zone subsoiling after planting. Nitrogen was broadcast before planting or banded beside the seed piece at planting across all tillage combinations. We estimated plant nutrient status and uptake each year with whole‐plant and petiole samplings during tuber growth. Final tuber yield and quality were determined in early October. Fall tillage did not influence nutrient concentration and uptake, tuber yield, or quality. Zone subsoiling increased average plant dry weights 9%, total tuber yields 10% (4 Mg ha −1 ), and quality, and increased P uptake an average of 11.6% (1.8 kg P ha −1 ) without appreciably changing whole‐plant or petiole P concentrations. Banding N increased average plant dry weight 6.4%, total tuber yield 9%, and N uptake 28% compared with broadcast N. Petiole NO 3 ‐N, P, K, and Zn concentrations were higher where N was banded. There were no consistent zone subsoiling × N placement interactions. Higher nutrient applications may be required with zone subsoiling or to compensate for soil compaction problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000050023x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 7
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    Nitrate Leaching under Furrow Irrigation as Affected by Crop Sequence and Tillage
    Wiley ; 1995
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 1995-01), p. 204-210
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 1995-01), p. 204-210
    Abstract: The potential for NO 3 ‐N leaching after alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) in irrigated crop production depends on cropping sequence and tillage practices. A 2‐yr field experiment in south‐central Idaho compared the NO 3 ‐N leached following alfalfa of a conventional tillage bean‐bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rotation with a silage corn ( Zea mays L.)‐winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation in a conventional tillage or no‐till system. Nitrate leaching was determined by: (i) sampling the soil solution below the root zone (1.2 and 1.5 m) using ceramic‐tipped samplers and calculating the N movement from the water balance, and (ii) measuring the change in soil NO 3 ‐N at 1.35 to 4.5 m from soil samples taken in the fall and spring to 4.5 m. During the second growing season, average soil solution NO 3 ‐N concentrations (below the root zone) were 28, 4, and 10 mg L −1 for the bean‐bean, corn‐wheat no‐till, and corn‐wheat tilled treatments, respectively. The soil NO 3 ‐N in 1.35 to 3.3 m at the end of the study was 80 kg N ha −1 higher for the bean‐bean treatment than for the corn‐wheat treatments. The NO 3 ‐N that moved below 1.35 m during the 2 yr was 53 kg ha −1 higher for the bean‐bean than for the corn‐wheat treatments. The soil NO 3 ‐N in the 1.35 to 3.3 m depth after 2 yr was 21 kg ha −1 higher for the corn‐wheat under conventional tillage than under the no‐till system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010031x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
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    Phosphorus Forms and Extractability from Three Sources in a Recently Exposed Calcareous Subsoil
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 1999-11), p. 1717-1724
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 1999-11), p. 1717-1724
    Abstract: Irrigation‐induced erosion and land leveling have decreased crop yields on ≈800000 ha of south‐central Idaho silt loam soils because of topsoil removal. Phosphorus availability is a known production problem after topsoil removal. This study evaluated the effect of three P sources on soil P solubility by three standard methods for calcareous soils. A long‐term study was initiated on a Portneuf silt loam (Coarse‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) by removing the surface 0.3 m of topsoil from strips between undisturbed topsoil strips. Phosphorus treatments applied across all strips were conventional fertilizer (applied according to soil test), dairy manure, and cheese whey. All treatments increased the freshly exposed subsoil bicarbonate extractable ortho‐P concentrations up to or greater than the topsoil concentrations, which were more than adequate for economical crop production. The high‐whey and manure treatments increased the subsoil saturation paste and 0.01 M CaCl 2 extractable ortho‐P concentrations up to or greater than the untreated topsoil ortho‐P concentrations. The initial topsoil ortho‐P solubility was along the β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) isotherm and the initial subsoil was well below the β‐TCP isotherm. The ortho‐P solubility of the subsoil monocalcium phosphate (MCP) treatment remained just below the β‐TCP isotherm. The cottage cheese whey treatment increased subsoil P solubility up to the β‐TCP isotherm and the manure treated subsoil ortho‐P solubilities were between the β‐TCP and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) isotherms. Most subsoil ortho‐P concentrations by all three extraction methods decreased from spring to fall and then increased over winter in the subsequent spring samples. Soil solution ortho‐P concentrations decreased with time in the subsoil treatments except immediately following treatment applications. The topsoil ortho‐P extract concentrations by all three methods varied among samplings but remained about the same during the study period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1999.6361717x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 9
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    Water and Erosion Management with Multiple Applications of Polyacrylamide in Furrow Irrigation
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 1998-11), p. 1672-1680
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 1998-11), p. 1672-1680
    Abstract: Polyacrylamide (PAM) in furrow irrigation water eliminates 94% of runoff sediment. Higher infiltration (15–50%) can result in upperfield overirrigation. We hypothesized that PAM would lengthen advance time, but that interactions with flow rate and wheel‐track (WT) furrows would occur, influencing erosion and infiltration with potential for improved water management. A 2‐yr study conducted on 1.5% slope Portneuf soil (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) was irrigated with 10 g m ‐3 PAM in advancing 23 L min ‐1 furrow streams (reduced to 19 L min ‐1 after advance) (PAM treatment, P) or without PAM (control, C). Initial inflows in 1994 were 23 L min ‐1 (normal flow rate, N) or 45 L min ‐1 (high flow rate, H) with or without PAM. The application of PAM at 23 L min ‐1 (PN) increased 2‐yr mean advance time 33% and reduced runoff soil loss 88% compared with controls (CN). Polyacrylamide applied at 45 L min ‐1 (PH) reduced advance time 8% and soil loss 75% compared with CN, whereas untreated 45 L min ‐1 inflows (CH) cut advance time 42% but raised soil loss 158%. The CH and PH raised infiltration 11 and 35% more than CN respectively. Polyacrylamide halted erosion in all furrows, but in WT furrows had no effect on advance time and little infiltration effect after two or three irrigations. This is mainly attributed to erosion and deposition increasing control‐furrow wetted perimeters; accumulated PAM may also slightly affect seal conductivity. Polyacrylamide raised aggregate stability from 54 to 80% in 1993 and from 63 to 84% in 1994. In 1994, PAM reduced soil strength in furrows from 1.7 to 1.1 Mpa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060027x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 10
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    Organic Phosphorus Source Effects on Calcareous Soil Phosphorus and Organic Carbon
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2000-05), p. 973-978
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2000-05), p. 973-978
    Abstract: The loading, solubility, mobility, and plant availability of P is a growing environmental concern to regulators and planners of nutrient management plans, confined animal feeding operations, and wastewater land application permit sites. Insufficient information is available on how P reacts from different organic sources when applied to calcareous soils. A field study was conducted to determine the interactions among P application rate, source, extractability, and soil organic carbon (OC) concentration. A Portneuf silt loam (Coarse‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids) topsoil and freshly exposed subsoil were fertilized with monocalcium phosphate (MCP), cheese whey, and dairy manure. Organic matter added with the whey did not influence soil OC concentrations whereas organic matter added with the manure doubled the subsoil OC and increased the topsoil OC concentrations. Bicarbonate and saturation paste extractable ortho‐ and organic‐P concentrations were linearly related to soil OC concentrations but were not related to the amount of ortho‐ or organic‐P added. All forms of P increased more per unit of added P in the order manure 〉 whey 〉 MCP and were correlated with the soil OC concentrations. These results suggest organic waste applications should be managed from soil P test data rather than on P application rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2425 , 1537-2537
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900030036x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120525-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050469-X
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