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  • Meuret, M.  (7)
  • English  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Missing shots: has the possibility of shooting wolves been lacking for 20 years in France
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2020
    In:  The Rangeland Journal Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2020), p. 401-
    Details
    In: The Rangeland Journal, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2020), p. 401-
    Abstract: Wolves were exterminated in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, livestock breeders and herders were unprepared when wolves arrived from Italy in 1993, the year after France committed to the European Union (EU) to protect wolves. Today, ~580 wolves, whose numbers are growing exponentially, are present in over one-third of France. During the last 10 years, livestock deaths from wolves have grown linearly from 3215 in 2009 to 12451 in 2019, despite France implementing extensive damage protection measures since 2004, including reinforced human presence, livestock guard dogs, secured pasture fencing and electrified night pens. The failure to prevent damage is clear. Wolves enter mosaic landscapes where grazing livestock are abundant and easy prey. Wolves are intelligent and opportunistic. As a strictly protected species, it seems they no longer associate livestock with humans and humans with danger. Half of the successful attacks now occur during the day, notwithstanding the presence of dogs and humans. Considering the high costs of unsatisfactory protection, France recently modified its wolf management policy. In addition to non-lethal means of protection, breeders that have suffered several attacks by wolves are now permitted, by derogation to the law, to defensively shoot wolves. Based upon evidence from other countries, we suggest re-establishing a reciprocal relationship with wolves. Breeders and herders should be allowed to shoot wolves to defend their herds against wolf attacks, not after several successful predation events. Defence shooting would also upgrade the efficiency of non-lethal means, as warning signals for wolves to respect. Rather than passive coexistence, we need to embrace a dynamic and ever-evolving process of coadaptation between humans and wolves, relying on the adaptive capacities of both.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1036-9872
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/RJ20046
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controlling intake fo goats on rough grazings
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Applied Animal Behaviour Science Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 1996-8), p. 103-
    Details
    In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 1996-8), p. 103-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0168-1591(96)87697-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495873-9
    SSG: 22
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Feeding flocks on rangelands: insights into the local ecological knowledge of shepherds in Boulemane province (Morocco)
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2018
    In:  The Rangeland Journal Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 207-
    Details
    In: The Rangeland Journal, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 207-
    Abstract: In Mediterranean regions, traditional pastoral systems involve shepherds leading flocks along daily grazing circuits on arid rangelands. Over the past decades, these systems have become increasingly agro-pastoral and the importance given to feeding flocks on rangelands is variable. Our study aimed at investigating the local ecological knowledge (LEK) about forage plants and animal foraging behaviour of shepherds in a pastoral area of Morocco, and eventually analysing the possible interactions between such LEK, its utilisation for grazing management and the pastoral status of the farm. Eleven semi-directive interviews with shepherds, either salaried or owning their own farm, were carried out at three sites differing in terms of agricultural context and available forage resources. Shepherds’ LEK included recognising and naming forage plants and rangeland types, identifying preferred or less preferred plants or plant parts, describing circumstantial palatability of plants depending mainly on season, other locally available plants and watering times. LEK about animal feeding preferences and its integration into grazing management was more extensive at sites where pastoral systems were still most valued, and for shepherds who were either experienced or who were considering the activity in the future. Conversely, young salaried shepherds or farmer-shepherds who devoted more attention to the agricultural component of their system seemed to be less knowledgeable about the subject. In a context where pastoralism is challenged both by the higher profitability of agriculture and by the depletion of pastoral resources as a result of frequent droughts and decreased surface area devoted to grazing lands, the future of such LEK is uncertain. The perpetuation of LEK might depend on the ability of local extension services to value farmers’ LEK and to help them enrich it with scientific knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1036-9872
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/RJ17006
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Use of NIR in Predicting Nutritive Value of Mediterranean Tree and Shrub Foliage
    SAGE Publications ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 1993-01), p. 45-54
    Details
    In: Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 1993-01), p. 45-54
    Abstract: To upgrade grazing management recommendations in the Mediterranean area, one needs to assess the nutritive value of woody foliages including their changes over time and with location. Using a wide range of native and cultivated foliages, our objective was to evaluate the potential of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to determine foliage chemistry and in vitro digestibility for ruminants. The samples, representative of small ruminant eating bites, were divided into the different plant parts. Samples were carefully conditioned, being air-dried at 60°C; drying times were individually varied to ensure complete dehydration without excessive heating. Samples were analysed for organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and in vitro digestibility with a pepsin–cellulase method developed for forages (IVDMD). NIR scans were made with an NIRSystems 5000 instrument and data analysis was performed using ISI software. Partial least squares (PLS) regression equations were developed for IVDMD and each constituent. Nine mathematical treatments, with and without scatter correction, were compared. The database of woody foliage spectra and a reference fodder database were compared in two ways: the first involved a comparison of the spectral variation in each collection while the second measured the Mahalanobis distance of each spectrum in one database from the average spectrum in the other. In the case of N, a broad-based calibration was compared with others derived from various sample sub-sets; these latter were formed either according to sample type or following a proximity analysis of five spectral groups by principal component analysis. NIR predictions of IVDMD were applied to describe the effect of phenological changes in the edible parts of Quercus pubescens Willd. The foliage base is very heterogeneous and wider than the reference fodder base. The fodder base variation does not include the foliage samples. The lowest standard errors of calibration (SEC) and cross-validation (SECV) are comparable to literature results on forest leaves, but better for lignin (SECV of 1.5 compared to SEC values of 2.5–2.9). SECV for IVDMD is satisfactory at almost 2.0 because this value is similar to precision data normally reported for in vitro digestibility estimations on narrower sample sets than the current one. The broad-based calibration for N gave similar or lower standard errors to those obtained using sample sub-sets. One can show that IVDMD values for Quercus pubescens leaves decrease from 65 to 15% with increasing maturity; leaf IVDMD values are approximately 15% higher than the previous year's stem value from May until October. NIR spectroscopy appears to be an adequate technique for the prediction of the nutritive value of Mediterranean foliages from trees and shrubs, with a reliability similar to that obtained from classical fodder analysis procedures. This study shows that broad-based calibrations with PLS regression could be made on extremely diverse sets of data (IVDMD ranging from 28 to 94%), grouping distinct edible plant parts within the same data base.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0335 , 1751-6552
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1255/jnirs.5
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021280-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Direct observation of biting for studying grazing behavior of goats and llamas on garrigue rangelands
    Elsevier BV ; 1995
    In:  Small Ruminant Research Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 1995-3), p. 27-35
    Details
    In: Small Ruminant Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 1995-3), p. 27-35
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-4488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(94)00036-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498734-X
    SSG: 12,22
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Feasibility of in vivo digestibility trials with lactating goats browsing fresh leafy branches
    Elsevier BV ; 1988
    In:  Small Ruminant Research Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 1988-9), p. 273-290
    Details
    In: Small Ruminant Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 1988-9), p. 273-290
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-4488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(88)90055-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498734-X
    SSG: 12,22
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When Art and Science Meet: Integrating Knowledge of French Herders with Science of Foraging Behavior
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Rangeland Ecology & Management Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Rangeland Ecology & Management, Elsevier BV, Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 1-17
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1550-7424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180183-6
    SSG: 21
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