Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xvii, 460 pages). : , illustrations

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813260-4 , 0-12-813259-0

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Biographies -- Preface (First Edition) -- Preface (Second Edition) -- I - BASIC BONE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- 1 - Bone Morphology and Organization -- THE FUNCTIONS OF BONE -- BONE IS ORGANIZED AS A MULTISCALE MATERIAL -- BONE COMPOSITION -- THE NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Collagen -- Enzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Nonenzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Collagen Orientation -- Bone Mineral -- Noncollagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins -- Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- SIBLING Proteins -- Osteocalcin -- Osteonectin -- THE MICROSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Woven Bone -- Primary Bone -- Primary Lamellar Bone -- Plexiform Bone -- Primary Osteons -- Secondary Bone -- Interstitial Bone -- THE MACROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Cortical Bone -- Skeletal Envelopes -- THE BLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION OF BONE -- Blood Supply -- Innervation of Bone -- BONE FLUID COMPARTMENTS -- BONE MASS AND BONE QUALITY -- Rate of Bone Turnover -- Bone Trabecular Architecture -- Tissue Material (Intrinsic) Properties -- Microdamage Accumulation -- Suggested Readings -- 2 - Bone Marrow and the Stem Cell Niche -- NICHES IN DEVELOPMENT -- IMAGING OF NICHES -- BONE MARROW NICHE CELLS -- Nonhematopoietic -- Osteoblastic Cells -- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations -- Adipocytes -- Endothelial Cells -- Hematopoietic -- Megakaryocytes -- Macrophages -- Neutrophils -- Osteoclasts -- NEURONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- NICHES AND MALIGNANCIES -- AGING AND THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT -- THE FUTURE -- Suggested Readings -- 3 - Bone Cells -- OSTEOCLASTS. , Osteoclast Morphology and Function -- Osteoclast Differentiation and Fusion -- Osteoclast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoclast Generation and Survival -- OSTEOBLASTS -- Osteoblast Morphology and Function -- Osteoblast Formation and Differentiation -- Osteoblast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoblast Generation and Survival -- Bone Lining Cells -- OSTEOCYTES -- Osteocyte Morphology and Functions -- Osteocytogenesis and Osteocyte Maturation -- Osteocyte Apoptosis: Consequences and Regulation -- Preservation of Osteocyte Viability by Mechanical Stimuli -- Aging and Osteocyte Apoptosis -- Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Life Span -- Regulation of Bone Formation by Osteocytes: The Sclerostin Paradigm -- Regulation of Bone Resorption by Osteocytes: RANKL and OPG -- Regulation of Bone Mineralization by Osteocytes -- Suggested Readings -- 4 - Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function -- OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS -- Definition: Cytokines Versus Growth Factors -- Soluble Ligands -- Membrane-Bound Ligands -- Receptor Classification -- Signal Transduction Cascades -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST AND OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- The RANKL-RANK-OPG System -- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- Wnts -- Canonical Wnt Signaling -- Noncanonical Wnt Signaling -- Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling -- Dickkopf -- Kremen -- Sclerostin -- Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins -- Wise -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor -- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide -- Fibroblast Growth Factors -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT BOTH OSTEOCLASTS AND OSTEOBLASTS -- Interleukins -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Transforming Growth Factor Beta. , Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Bioavailability -- Prostaglandins -- REGULATION OF BONE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION THROUGH CELL-CELL CONTACT -- Notch -- Ephrin-Ephrin Receptor -- Connexins -- LOCAL ANGIOGENIC FACTORS THAT REGULATE BONE CELL ACTIVITY -- CELL SURFACE ATTACHMENT MOLECULES -- Suggested Readings -- 5 - Bone Growth, Modeling, and Remodeling -- SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT -- Intramembranous Ossification -- Endochondral Ossification -- BONE MODELING -- Events That Signal Modeling -- Cellular Processes -- Modeling During the Life Cycle -- Longitudinal Growth -- Radial Growth -- Bone Drift -- BONE REMODELING -- Events That Signal Remodeling -- Remodeling Cycle -- Activation -- Resorption -- Reversal -- Formation -- Quiescence (Resting) -- Bone Remodeling Cycle Duration -- Bone Remodeling Rate -- Bone Remodeling Balance -- BONE REPAIR -- EFFECTS OF MODELING AND REMODELING ON BONE STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Structure Effects of Modeling and Remodeling -- Bone Material Property Effects of Remodeling -- Mineralization -- Collagen Cross-Links -- Microdamage -- LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF MODELING AND REMODELING -- Suggested Readings -- II - ASSESSMENT OF BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 6 - Skeletal Imaging -- X-RAY -- Conventional Radiography -- Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Clinical Diagnostic Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy or Spectral Imaging Scanning -- HIGH-RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Microcomputed Tomography -- Quantitative Computed Tomography (Densitometry) -- Modeling Analysis -- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING -- Ultrashort Echo-Time (TE) Sequences -- RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING -- Positron Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography -- ULTRASOUND -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. , Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Finite Element Analysis -- Radionuclide Imaging -- Ultrasound -- 7 - Skeletal Hard Tissue Biomechanics -- INTRODUCTION TO BASIC BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- Main Functions of Bone in the Body -- Bone Is a Hierarchical Structure -- FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLID MECHANICS -- The Force-Displacement Curve -- Stress and Strain in Axial Loading -- Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio -- METHODS OF TESTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE BONE -- Axial Loading in Tension and Compression -- Torsion -- Bending -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WHOLE BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Mass: Cancellous Bone -- Cancellous Architecture and Anisotropy -- Cortical Bone Size (Mass) and Architecture -- Bone Tissue Material Properties -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Type I Collagen -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Inorganic Hydroxyapatite -- METHODS OF TESTING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE -- Other Measures of Bone "Strength" -- Suggested Readings -- 8 - Techniques in Histomorphometry -- HISTOLOGIC SPECIMENS -- Specimen Collection -- In Vivo Labeling -- Specimen Processing -- HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- Static versus Dynamic Measurements -- Primary Versus Derived Variables -- Referents -- Bone Architecture and Geometry -- Tissue Types -- Cell Number and Activity -- Dynamic Histomorphometry -- Osteocytes -- Microdamage -- Marrow -- ASSUMPTIONS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Osteoporosis -- Osteomalacia -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) -- Antiresorptive Therapy -- Anabolic Therapy -- Suggested Readings -- 9 - Skeletal Genetics: From Gene Identification to Murine Models of Disease -- GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BONE PHENOTYPES -- Linkage Analysis -- Genome-Wide Association Studies. , Whole Exome and Whole Genome Analysis -- Functional Analysis -- Omics Analysis of Bone Phenotypes -- TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY AND THE CREATION OF NOVEL RESEARCH MODELS -- Production of Transgenic Rodents -- Animals that Arise From Pronuclear Injection -- Animals Derived From Homologous Recombination in ES Cells -- Pronuclear Microinjection -- Isolation of Embryos for Microinjection -- Superovulation -- Collection of Single-cell Embryos -- DNA Preparation for Microinjection -- Pronuclear Microinjection of Embryos Microinjection -- Transfer of Injected Embryos to Recipient Females -- Analysis of Potential Transgenic Founders -- Microinjection of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells -- Generation of ES cell Lines -- Homologous Recombination -- Collection of Blastocysts -- Injection of ES cells Into Blastocysts -- Transfer of Injected Blastocysts to Recipient Females -- Identification of Chimeric Animals -- Designer DNA Nucleases: The CRISPR Revolution -- TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND BONE BIOLOGY -- Bone Cell-Specific Promoters -- Conditional Models Using Cre-LoxP Technology -- Bridging Human Disorders and Mouse Models of Bone Diseases -- Secondary Challenges and Genetic Background Impacts on Skeletal Phenotypes -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- III - SKELETAL ADAPTATION -- 10 - Skeletal Changes Across the Life Span -- PRENATAL GROWTH -- Development and Maturation -- Calcification and Mineral Homeostasis -- POSTNATAL GROWTH -- Newborn Mineral Homeostasis -- Infancy and Childhood Skeletal Growth -- Puberty and Adolescence -- Race and Ethnic Differences -- Endocrine Regulators -- Genetic Regulation -- Timing of Growth Rates -- Development of Peak Bone Mass -- Fracture Risk in Children -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH REPRODUCTION -- Pregnancy -- Lactation -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH AGING -- Skeletal Expansion and Age -- Skeletal Mass and Age -- Suggested Readings -- Peak Bone Mass.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xvii, 460 pages). : , illustrations

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813260-4 , 0-12-813259-0

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Biographies -- Preface (First Edition) -- Preface (Second Edition) -- I - BASIC BONE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- 1 - Bone Morphology and Organization -- THE FUNCTIONS OF BONE -- BONE IS ORGANIZED AS A MULTISCALE MATERIAL -- BONE COMPOSITION -- THE NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Collagen -- Enzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Nonenzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Collagen Orientation -- Bone Mineral -- Noncollagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins -- Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- SIBLING Proteins -- Osteocalcin -- Osteonectin -- THE MICROSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Woven Bone -- Primary Bone -- Primary Lamellar Bone -- Plexiform Bone -- Primary Osteons -- Secondary Bone -- Interstitial Bone -- THE MACROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Cortical Bone -- Skeletal Envelopes -- THE BLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION OF BONE -- Blood Supply -- Innervation of Bone -- BONE FLUID COMPARTMENTS -- BONE MASS AND BONE QUALITY -- Rate of Bone Turnover -- Bone Trabecular Architecture -- Tissue Material (Intrinsic) Properties -- Microdamage Accumulation -- Suggested Readings -- 2 - Bone Marrow and the Stem Cell Niche -- NICHES IN DEVELOPMENT -- IMAGING OF NICHES -- BONE MARROW NICHE CELLS -- Nonhematopoietic -- Osteoblastic Cells -- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations -- Adipocytes -- Endothelial Cells -- Hematopoietic -- Megakaryocytes -- Macrophages -- Neutrophils -- Osteoclasts -- NEURONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- NICHES AND MALIGNANCIES -- AGING AND THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT -- THE FUTURE -- Suggested Readings -- 3 - Bone Cells -- OSTEOCLASTS. , Osteoclast Morphology and Function -- Osteoclast Differentiation and Fusion -- Osteoclast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoclast Generation and Survival -- OSTEOBLASTS -- Osteoblast Morphology and Function -- Osteoblast Formation and Differentiation -- Osteoblast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoblast Generation and Survival -- Bone Lining Cells -- OSTEOCYTES -- Osteocyte Morphology and Functions -- Osteocytogenesis and Osteocyte Maturation -- Osteocyte Apoptosis: Consequences and Regulation -- Preservation of Osteocyte Viability by Mechanical Stimuli -- Aging and Osteocyte Apoptosis -- Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Life Span -- Regulation of Bone Formation by Osteocytes: The Sclerostin Paradigm -- Regulation of Bone Resorption by Osteocytes: RANKL and OPG -- Regulation of Bone Mineralization by Osteocytes -- Suggested Readings -- 4 - Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function -- OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS -- Definition: Cytokines Versus Growth Factors -- Soluble Ligands -- Membrane-Bound Ligands -- Receptor Classification -- Signal Transduction Cascades -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST AND OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- The RANKL-RANK-OPG System -- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- Wnts -- Canonical Wnt Signaling -- Noncanonical Wnt Signaling -- Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling -- Dickkopf -- Kremen -- Sclerostin -- Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins -- Wise -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor -- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide -- Fibroblast Growth Factors -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT BOTH OSTEOCLASTS AND OSTEOBLASTS -- Interleukins -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Transforming Growth Factor Beta. , Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Bioavailability -- Prostaglandins -- REGULATION OF BONE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION THROUGH CELL-CELL CONTACT -- Notch -- Ephrin-Ephrin Receptor -- Connexins -- LOCAL ANGIOGENIC FACTORS THAT REGULATE BONE CELL ACTIVITY -- CELL SURFACE ATTACHMENT MOLECULES -- Suggested Readings -- 5 - Bone Growth, Modeling, and Remodeling -- SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT -- Intramembranous Ossification -- Endochondral Ossification -- BONE MODELING -- Events That Signal Modeling -- Cellular Processes -- Modeling During the Life Cycle -- Longitudinal Growth -- Radial Growth -- Bone Drift -- BONE REMODELING -- Events That Signal Remodeling -- Remodeling Cycle -- Activation -- Resorption -- Reversal -- Formation -- Quiescence (Resting) -- Bone Remodeling Cycle Duration -- Bone Remodeling Rate -- Bone Remodeling Balance -- BONE REPAIR -- EFFECTS OF MODELING AND REMODELING ON BONE STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Structure Effects of Modeling and Remodeling -- Bone Material Property Effects of Remodeling -- Mineralization -- Collagen Cross-Links -- Microdamage -- LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF MODELING AND REMODELING -- Suggested Readings -- II - ASSESSMENT OF BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 6 - Skeletal Imaging -- X-RAY -- Conventional Radiography -- Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Clinical Diagnostic Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy or Spectral Imaging Scanning -- HIGH-RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Microcomputed Tomography -- Quantitative Computed Tomography (Densitometry) -- Modeling Analysis -- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING -- Ultrashort Echo-Time (TE) Sequences -- RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING -- Positron Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography -- ULTRASOUND -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. , Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Finite Element Analysis -- Radionuclide Imaging -- Ultrasound -- 7 - Skeletal Hard Tissue Biomechanics -- INTRODUCTION TO BASIC BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- Main Functions of Bone in the Body -- Bone Is a Hierarchical Structure -- FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLID MECHANICS -- The Force-Displacement Curve -- Stress and Strain in Axial Loading -- Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio -- METHODS OF TESTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE BONE -- Axial Loading in Tension and Compression -- Torsion -- Bending -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WHOLE BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Mass: Cancellous Bone -- Cancellous Architecture and Anisotropy -- Cortical Bone Size (Mass) and Architecture -- Bone Tissue Material Properties -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Type I Collagen -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Inorganic Hydroxyapatite -- METHODS OF TESTING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE -- Other Measures of Bone "Strength" -- Suggested Readings -- 8 - Techniques in Histomorphometry -- HISTOLOGIC SPECIMENS -- Specimen Collection -- In Vivo Labeling -- Specimen Processing -- HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- Static versus Dynamic Measurements -- Primary Versus Derived Variables -- Referents -- Bone Architecture and Geometry -- Tissue Types -- Cell Number and Activity -- Dynamic Histomorphometry -- Osteocytes -- Microdamage -- Marrow -- ASSUMPTIONS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Osteoporosis -- Osteomalacia -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) -- Antiresorptive Therapy -- Anabolic Therapy -- Suggested Readings -- 9 - Skeletal Genetics: From Gene Identification to Murine Models of Disease -- GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BONE PHENOTYPES -- Linkage Analysis -- Genome-Wide Association Studies. , Whole Exome and Whole Genome Analysis -- Functional Analysis -- Omics Analysis of Bone Phenotypes -- TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY AND THE CREATION OF NOVEL RESEARCH MODELS -- Production of Transgenic Rodents -- Animals that Arise From Pronuclear Injection -- Animals Derived From Homologous Recombination in ES Cells -- Pronuclear Microinjection -- Isolation of Embryos for Microinjection -- Superovulation -- Collection of Single-cell Embryos -- DNA Preparation for Microinjection -- Pronuclear Microinjection of Embryos Microinjection -- Transfer of Injected Embryos to Recipient Females -- Analysis of Potential Transgenic Founders -- Microinjection of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells -- Generation of ES cell Lines -- Homologous Recombination -- Collection of Blastocysts -- Injection of ES cells Into Blastocysts -- Transfer of Injected Blastocysts to Recipient Females -- Identification of Chimeric Animals -- Designer DNA Nucleases: The CRISPR Revolution -- TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND BONE BIOLOGY -- Bone Cell-Specific Promoters -- Conditional Models Using Cre-LoxP Technology -- Bridging Human Disorders and Mouse Models of Bone Diseases -- Secondary Challenges and Genetic Background Impacts on Skeletal Phenotypes -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- III - SKELETAL ADAPTATION -- 10 - Skeletal Changes Across the Life Span -- PRENATAL GROWTH -- Development and Maturation -- Calcification and Mineral Homeostasis -- POSTNATAL GROWTH -- Newborn Mineral Homeostasis -- Infancy and Childhood Skeletal Growth -- Puberty and Adolescence -- Race and Ethnic Differences -- Endocrine Regulators -- Genetic Regulation -- Timing of Growth Rates -- Development of Peak Bone Mass -- Fracture Risk in Children -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH REPRODUCTION -- Pregnancy -- Lactation -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH AGING -- Skeletal Expansion and Age -- Skeletal Mass and Age -- Suggested Readings -- Peak Bone Mass.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xvii, 460 pages). : , illustrations

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813260-4 , 0-12-813259-0

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- BASIC AND APPLIED BONE BIOLOGY -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Biographies -- Preface (First Edition) -- Preface (Second Edition) -- I - BASIC BONE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- 1 - Bone Morphology and Organization -- THE FUNCTIONS OF BONE -- BONE IS ORGANIZED AS A MULTISCALE MATERIAL -- BONE COMPOSITION -- THE NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Collagen -- Enzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Nonenzymatically Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking -- Collagen Orientation -- Bone Mineral -- Noncollagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins -- Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- SIBLING Proteins -- Osteocalcin -- Osteonectin -- THE MICROSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Woven Bone -- Primary Bone -- Primary Lamellar Bone -- Plexiform Bone -- Primary Osteons -- Secondary Bone -- Interstitial Bone -- THE MACROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- Cortical Bone -- Skeletal Envelopes -- THE BLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION OF BONE -- Blood Supply -- Innervation of Bone -- BONE FLUID COMPARTMENTS -- BONE MASS AND BONE QUALITY -- Rate of Bone Turnover -- Bone Trabecular Architecture -- Tissue Material (Intrinsic) Properties -- Microdamage Accumulation -- Suggested Readings -- 2 - Bone Marrow and the Stem Cell Niche -- NICHES IN DEVELOPMENT -- IMAGING OF NICHES -- BONE MARROW NICHE CELLS -- Nonhematopoietic -- Osteoblastic Cells -- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations -- Adipocytes -- Endothelial Cells -- Hematopoietic -- Megakaryocytes -- Macrophages -- Neutrophils -- Osteoclasts -- NEURONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL NICHE -- NICHES AND MALIGNANCIES -- AGING AND THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT -- THE FUTURE -- Suggested Readings -- 3 - Bone Cells -- OSTEOCLASTS. , Osteoclast Morphology and Function -- Osteoclast Differentiation and Fusion -- Osteoclast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoclast Generation and Survival -- OSTEOBLASTS -- Osteoblast Morphology and Function -- Osteoblast Formation and Differentiation -- Osteoblast Apoptosis -- Regulation of Osteoblast Generation and Survival -- Bone Lining Cells -- OSTEOCYTES -- Osteocyte Morphology and Functions -- Osteocytogenesis and Osteocyte Maturation -- Osteocyte Apoptosis: Consequences and Regulation -- Preservation of Osteocyte Viability by Mechanical Stimuli -- Aging and Osteocyte Apoptosis -- Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Life Span -- Regulation of Bone Formation by Osteocytes: The Sclerostin Paradigm -- Regulation of Bone Resorption by Osteocytes: RANKL and OPG -- Regulation of Bone Mineralization by Osteocytes -- Suggested Readings -- 4 - Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function -- OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS -- Definition: Cytokines Versus Growth Factors -- Soluble Ligands -- Membrane-Bound Ligands -- Receptor Classification -- Signal Transduction Cascades -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST AND OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- FACTORS THAT REGULATE OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- The RANKL-RANK-OPG System -- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION -- Wnts -- Canonical Wnt Signaling -- Noncanonical Wnt Signaling -- Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling -- Dickkopf -- Kremen -- Sclerostin -- Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins -- Wise -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor -- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide -- Fibroblast Growth Factors -- LOCAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT BOTH OSTEOCLASTS AND OSTEOBLASTS -- Interleukins -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Transforming Growth Factor Beta. , Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Bioavailability -- Prostaglandins -- REGULATION OF BONE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION THROUGH CELL-CELL CONTACT -- Notch -- Ephrin-Ephrin Receptor -- Connexins -- LOCAL ANGIOGENIC FACTORS THAT REGULATE BONE CELL ACTIVITY -- CELL SURFACE ATTACHMENT MOLECULES -- Suggested Readings -- 5 - Bone Growth, Modeling, and Remodeling -- SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT -- Intramembranous Ossification -- Endochondral Ossification -- BONE MODELING -- Events That Signal Modeling -- Cellular Processes -- Modeling During the Life Cycle -- Longitudinal Growth -- Radial Growth -- Bone Drift -- BONE REMODELING -- Events That Signal Remodeling -- Remodeling Cycle -- Activation -- Resorption -- Reversal -- Formation -- Quiescence (Resting) -- Bone Remodeling Cycle Duration -- Bone Remodeling Rate -- Bone Remodeling Balance -- BONE REPAIR -- EFFECTS OF MODELING AND REMODELING ON BONE STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Structure Effects of Modeling and Remodeling -- Bone Material Property Effects of Remodeling -- Mineralization -- Collagen Cross-Links -- Microdamage -- LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF MODELING AND REMODELING -- Suggested Readings -- II - ASSESSMENT OF BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 6 - Skeletal Imaging -- X-RAY -- Conventional Radiography -- Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Clinical Diagnostic Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy or Spectral Imaging Scanning -- HIGH-RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- Microcomputed Tomography -- Quantitative Computed Tomography (Densitometry) -- Modeling Analysis -- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING -- Ultrashort Echo-Time (TE) Sequences -- RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING -- Positron Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography -- ULTRASOUND -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- Computed Tomography -- Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. , Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Finite Element Analysis -- Radionuclide Imaging -- Ultrasound -- 7 - Skeletal Hard Tissue Biomechanics -- INTRODUCTION TO BASIC BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- Main Functions of Bone in the Body -- Bone Is a Hierarchical Structure -- FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLID MECHANICS -- The Force-Displacement Curve -- Stress and Strain in Axial Loading -- Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio -- METHODS OF TESTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE BONE -- Axial Loading in Tension and Compression -- Torsion -- Bending -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WHOLE BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- Bone Mass: Cancellous Bone -- Cancellous Architecture and Anisotropy -- Cortical Bone Size (Mass) and Architecture -- Bone Tissue Material Properties -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Type I Collagen -- The Bone Extracellular Matrix: Inorganic Hydroxyapatite -- METHODS OF TESTING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE -- Other Measures of Bone "Strength" -- Suggested Readings -- 8 - Techniques in Histomorphometry -- HISTOLOGIC SPECIMENS -- Specimen Collection -- In Vivo Labeling -- Specimen Processing -- HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- Static versus Dynamic Measurements -- Primary Versus Derived Variables -- Referents -- Bone Architecture and Geometry -- Tissue Types -- Cell Number and Activity -- Dynamic Histomorphometry -- Osteocytes -- Microdamage -- Marrow -- ASSUMPTIONS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Osteoporosis -- Osteomalacia -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) -- Antiresorptive Therapy -- Anabolic Therapy -- Suggested Readings -- 9 - Skeletal Genetics: From Gene Identification to Murine Models of Disease -- GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BONE PHENOTYPES -- Linkage Analysis -- Genome-Wide Association Studies. , Whole Exome and Whole Genome Analysis -- Functional Analysis -- Omics Analysis of Bone Phenotypes -- TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY AND THE CREATION OF NOVEL RESEARCH MODELS -- Production of Transgenic Rodents -- Animals that Arise From Pronuclear Injection -- Animals Derived From Homologous Recombination in ES Cells -- Pronuclear Microinjection -- Isolation of Embryos for Microinjection -- Superovulation -- Collection of Single-cell Embryos -- DNA Preparation for Microinjection -- Pronuclear Microinjection of Embryos Microinjection -- Transfer of Injected Embryos to Recipient Females -- Analysis of Potential Transgenic Founders -- Microinjection of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells -- Generation of ES cell Lines -- Homologous Recombination -- Collection of Blastocysts -- Injection of ES cells Into Blastocysts -- Transfer of Injected Blastocysts to Recipient Females -- Identification of Chimeric Animals -- Designer DNA Nucleases: The CRISPR Revolution -- TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND BONE BIOLOGY -- Bone Cell-Specific Promoters -- Conditional Models Using Cre-LoxP Technology -- Bridging Human Disorders and Mouse Models of Bone Diseases -- Secondary Challenges and Genetic Background Impacts on Skeletal Phenotypes -- SUMMARY -- Suggested Readings -- III - SKELETAL ADAPTATION -- 10 - Skeletal Changes Across the Life Span -- PRENATAL GROWTH -- Development and Maturation -- Calcification and Mineral Homeostasis -- POSTNATAL GROWTH -- Newborn Mineral Homeostasis -- Infancy and Childhood Skeletal Growth -- Puberty and Adolescence -- Race and Ethnic Differences -- Endocrine Regulators -- Genetic Regulation -- Timing of Growth Rates -- Development of Peak Bone Mass -- Fracture Risk in Children -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH REPRODUCTION -- Pregnancy -- Lactation -- SKELETAL CHANGES WITH AGING -- Skeletal Expansion and Age -- Skeletal Mass and Age -- Suggested Readings -- Peak Bone Mass.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online Ressource (XV, 501 p. 194 illus., 33 illus. in color).

Edition: 2. ed.

ISBN: 978-1-4939-3002-9 , 978-1-4939-3001-2

Language: English

Subjects: Biology

Keywords: Skelett ; Biomechanik ; Knochen ; Biomechanik

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3002-9

URL: Volltext

URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028632090&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028632090&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (331 pages) : , illustrations.

ISBN: 9781420042191 (e-book)

Series Statement: CRC Series in Exercise Physiology

Additional Edition: Print version: Musculoskeletal fatigue and stress fractures. Boca Raton, Florida ; New York : CRC : Lewis Publishers, c2001 ISBN 9780849301155

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (390 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-391459-0

Content: This book provides an overview of skeletal biology from the molecular level to the organ level, including cellular control, interaction and response; adaptive responses to various external stimuli; the interaction of the skeletal system with other metabolic processes in the body; and the effect of various disease processes on the skeleton. The book also includes chapters that address how the skeleton can be evaluated through the use of various imaging technologies, biomechanical testing, histomorphometric analysis, and the use of genetically modified animal models. Presen

Note: "Elsevier science & technology books." , section 1. Basic bone biology and physiology -- section 2. Assessment of bone structure and function -- section 3. Skeletal adaptation -- section 4. Hormonal and metabolic effects on bone -- section 5. Skeletal disease and treatment. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-416015-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (390 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-391459-0

Content: This book provides an overview of skeletal biology from the molecular level to the organ level, including cellular control, interaction and response; adaptive responses to various external stimuli; the interaction of the skeletal system with other metabolic processes in the body; and the effect of various disease processes on the skeleton. The book also includes chapters that address how the skeleton can be evaluated through the use of various imaging technologies, biomechanical testing, histomorphometric analysis, and the use of genetically modified animal models. Presen

Note: "Elsevier science & technology books." , section 1. Basic bone biology and physiology -- section 2. Assessment of bone structure and function -- section 3. Skeletal adaptation -- section 4. Hormonal and metabolic effects on bone -- section 5. Skeletal disease and treatment. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-416015-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 576 p. 159 illus., 103 illus. in color).

Edition: 1st ed. 2022

ISBN: 978-981-1656-13-2

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-12-5

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-14-9

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-15-6

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: XXII, 576 p. 159 illus., 103 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2022.

ISBN: 9789811656132

Content: This edited book describes what fragile bone is, how the condition is assessed, and how it can be treated. It is intended for multi-professional trainees and practitioners in health and social care fields who care for and treat the elderly. Chapters within the book provide the latest advances in cell and molecular biology, morphology, radiology, and the biomechanics of bone in health and disease. The basic concept of "Remodeling" and "Modeling" is described for better understanding of the mechanisms of osteoporosis. Methods of identifying and assessing osteoporosis are described, as are risk factors for bone fracture and non-unions. Furthermore, the effects of various drugs used to treat osteoporosis at both material and structural levels of bone and their cost effectiveness are described. Operative treatments for fracture that maintain or improve the quality of life of patients are included Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture and Systemic Skeletal Disorders attempts to provide a holistic and translational view of the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis and some other musculoskeletal diseases, with an overview of treatment modalities in various clinical settings.

Note: Part I　Bone Morphometry, and Radiological Assessment -- 1. Past, Present and Future of Bone Histomorphometry -- 2. Effects of aging on bone fragility.-3. Cellular and molecular biology in bone remodeling -- 4. Modeling and Modeling-based bone formation in trabecular packets -- 5. A role of canopy and reversal cells in bone remodeling -- 6. Significance of reversal-resorption phase in cortical porosity -- 7. A role of focal osteoporosis defects in hip fracture -- 8. Bone Tissue and its mechanical regulation -- 9. Minimodeling, modeling-based formation, in human trabeculae and bone -- 10.　Fracture healing and cause of non-union -- 11. Disturbance of osteonal remodeling in atypical femoral fracture -- 12. Microcrack and microdamage -- 13. 3D microstructure of bone tissue 14. 3D bone morphometry -- 15. DXA and SQ assessment of osteoporosis -- 16. Assessment of osteoporosis by HR-pQCT, QCT, MRI -- 17.　FRAX (John A. Kanis) -- Part II Metabolic and Systemic Disorders and Bone -- 18. Skeletal disorders on Hypovitamin D -- 19.　Diabetes and bone -- 20.　CKD-MBD -- 21. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, IgG4 related disorders and Hepatitis type C -- Part III　Medical and Conservative Treatment -- 22. Effects of Osteoporosis Drugs - BMD and Morphological Assessment.-23. Vibration as an exercise modality to prevent sarcopenia -- Part IV Operative Treatment -- 24. Operative treatment of hip fracture -- 25. Balloon Kyphoplasty -- 26. Operative treatment of spinal disorders with consideration of dynamic axis of spinal column and lower extremities -- 27. Operative treatment of spinal disorders with minimum invasive technique.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789811656125

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789811656149

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789811656156

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 576 p. 159 illus., 103 illus. in color).

Edition: 1st ed. 2022

ISBN: 978-981-1656-13-2

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-12-5

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-14-9

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1656-15-6

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)