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  • Online Resource  (4)
  • American Diabetes Association  (4)
  • 1
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 620-626
    Abstract: OBJECTIVE—In human adipocytes, the cAMP-dependent pathway mediates signals originating from β-adrenergic activation, thus playing a key role in the regulation of important metabolic processes, i.e., lipolysis and thermogenesis. Cyclic AMP effects are mainly mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), whose R2B regulatory isoform is the most expressed in mouse adipose tissue, where it protects against diet-induced obesity and fatty liver development. The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences in R2B expression, PKA activity, and lipolysis in adipose tissues from obese and nonobese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The expression of the different PKA regulatory subunits was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples from 20 nonobese and 67 obese patients. PKA activity and glycerol release were evaluated in total protein extract and adipocytes isolated from fresh tissue samples, respectively. RESULTS—Expression techniques showed that R2B was the most abundant regulatory protein, both at mRNA and protein level. Interestingly, R2B mRNA levels were significantly lower in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues from obese than nonobese patients and negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Moreover, both basal and stimulated PKA activity and glycerol release were significantly lower in visceral adipose tissue from obese patients then nonobese subjects. CONCLUSIONS—Our results first indicate that, in human adipose tissue, there are important BMI-related differences in R2B expression and PKA activation, which might be included among the multiple determinants involved in the different lipolytic response to β-adrenergic activation in obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 2
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 2020-12-01), p. 3042-3049
    Abstract: Diabetes may unfavorably influence the outcome of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), but the determinants of this effect are still poorly understood. In this monocentric study, we aimed at evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, plasma glucose levels, and antidiabetes medications on the survival of COVID-19 patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a case series involving 387 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single center in the region of Lombardy, the epicenter of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic in Italy, between 20 February and 9 April 2020. Medical history, pharmacological treatments, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes of patients without diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes were compared. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to investigate risk factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Our samples included 90 patients (23.3%) with type 2 diabetes, who displayed double the mortality rate of subjects without diabetes (42.3% vs. 21.7%, P & lt; 0.001). In spite of this, after correction for age and sex, risk of mortality was significantly associated with a history of hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.84, 95% CI 1.15–2.95; P = 0.011), coronary artery disease (aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.35; P = 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aHR 2.07, 95% CI 1.27–3.38; P = 0.003), stroke (aHR 2.09, 95% CI 1.23–3.55; P = 0.006), and cancer (aHR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.42; P = 0.04) but not with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.170). In patients with diabetes, elevated plasma glucose (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.44, per mmol/L; P = 0.015) and IL-6 levels at admission (aHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.28–4.78, per 1-SD increase; P = 0.007) as well as treatment with insulin (aHR 3.05, 95% CI 1.57–5.95; P = 0.001) and β-blockers (aHR 3.20, 95% CI 1.50–6.60; P = 0.001) were independently associated with increased mortality, whereas the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors was significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of mortality (aHR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.92; P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Plasma glucose levels at admission and antidiabetes drugs may influence the survival of COVID-19 patients affected by type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
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  • 3
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: Background: DMR is a minimally invasive, endoscopic procedure designed to treat insulin resistance-related metabolic diseases via hydrothermal rejuvenation of duodenal mucosa leading to improvement in insulin sensitivity. Primary (24 week) results from REVITA-2, the first randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, prospective, multicenter study, demonstrated that a single DMR procedure safely elicits significant improvements in glycemic and hepatic parameters in sub-optimally controlled T2D. Here we report on durability of glycemic results through 48 weeks posttreatment in REVITA-2 patients at 9 European study centers. Method: Eligible patients were aged 28-75 years, taking ≥ 1 OAD, had HbA1c levels 7.5%-10.0%, and BMI of 24-40 kg/m2. The modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population included randomized patients in whom a procedure was attempted. Patients lost to follow up were excluded, and data obtained post-rescue medication were set to missing. Significance (0.05 level) was determined using a 2-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Thirty-one of 39 patients randomized to DMR (mITT) were followed to 48 weeks. Median change from baseline HbA1c was -0.6% at 24 weeks (n = 38, p = 0.003) and -0.7% at 48 weeks (n = 27, p & lt; 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of patients achieved a reduction in HbA1c from baseline at 24 weeks (median HbA1c change: -1.1%) and were defined as responders. Most responders (84%) maintained a durable response through 48 weeks (median HbA1c change: -1.0%) without an increase in antidiabetic medication. Median weight change was -2.4 kg at 24 weeks (n = 38, p & lt; 0.001) and -2.1 kg at 48 weeks (n = 28, p = 0.003). Conclusion: A single DMR procedure safely elicits durable, clinically significant glycemic improvements through 48 weeks posttreatment in suboptimally controlled T2D; most patients who respond at 24 weeks maintain the beneficial effects at 48 weeks without needing additional medication. Disclosure G. Mingrone: Consultant; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Novo Nordisk A/S. D. Hopkins: Advisory Panel; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. G. Aithal: None. G. Costamagna: Advisory Panel; Self; Cook Medical, Ethicon, Inc., Olympus. Research Support; Self; Apollo EndoSurgery, Boston Scientific. L. Crenier: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. J.M. Deviere: Research Support; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. R. Drummond: None. R. Haidry: None. I.R. I: None. A. Lania: Research Support; Self; Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc. C. Magee: None. M. Nieuwdorp: Board Member; Self; Caelus Health, Kaleido Biosciences. V. Bhambhani: None. J. Huang: Employee; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. K. White: Employee; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Johnson & Johnson. J. Lopez-Talavera: Employee; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. H. Rajagopalan: Employee; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. J.J. Bergman: Research Support; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Fractyl Laboratories, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 4
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 73, No. Supplement_1 ( 2024-06-14)
    Abstract: Introduction & Objective: Madagascar has a predominantly young population and a high burden of malnutrition. The potential relationship between nutritional and glycemic status and the consequences of underdiagnosed dysglycemia-related diseases motivated this study. In the context of a medical student’s volunteering experience, we aimed at identifying dysglycemias and highlighting possible correlations with demographic factors and nutritional status in a pediatric population of Madagascar. Methods: Glycemia was assessed on a population of 430 outpatients aged 0-12 years old by single fast fingerstick glycemic measurements. No exclusion criteria were set. General and nutritional information was collected. Data analysis was performed using R software, Python and WHO child growth standard software. Results: Malnutrition had a 50% prevalence in the study population. 17 children (3.9% of the total) exhibited glycemic levels significantly deviating above the mean of the group with a healthy nutritional status, adjusted for the time elapsed since their last meal. These children, classified as outliers, were notably older. Most importantly, acute-on-chronic malnutrition (wasting-on-stunting) increased by almost 10 times the risk of the child being an outlier. Conclusion: Acute-on-chronic malnutrition correlated with a state of dysglycemia, possibly confirming literature findings that a malnourished status might negatively impact pancreatic hormonal balance and beta cell functionality. The study holds both practical and epidemiological significance. It has increased awareness on dysglycemia and facilitated early recognition of possibly peculiar presentation in low-income countries. Epidemiologically, our study appears to encourage targeted glycemic screening in acutely on-chronic malnourished children and help resource allocation. Disclosure N. Marziale: None. B. Maizza: None. A. Massimino: None. L. Menga: None. G. Paratore: None. M. Pittarello: None. L. Profeta: None. P. Fiorina: None. A. Lania: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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