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  • Online Resource  (10)
  • Wiley  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How plant–soil feedbacks influence the next generation of plants
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecological Research Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 32-44
    Details
    In: Ecological Research, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 32-44
    Abstract: In response to environmental conditions, plants can alter the performance of the next generation through maternal effects. Since plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) influence soil conditions, PSFs likely create such intergenerational effects. We grew monocultures of three grass and three forb species in outdoor mesocosms. We then grew one of the six species, Hypochaeris radicata, in the conditioned soils and collected their seeds. We measured seed weight, carbon and nitrogen concentration, germination and seedling performance when grown on a common soil. We did not detect functional group intergenerational effects, but soils conditioned by different plant species affected H. radicata seed C to N ratios. There was a relationship between parent biomass in the differently conditioned soils and the germination rates of the offspring. However, these effects did not change offspring performance on a common soil. Our findings show that PSF effects changed seed quality and initial performance in a common grassland forb. We discuss the implications of our findings for multi‐generational plant–soil interactions, and highlight the need to further explore how PSF effects shape plant community dynamics over different generations and across a broad range of species and functional groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0912-3814 , 1440-1703
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ere.v36.1
    DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12165
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023900-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Cascading effects of belowground predators on plant communities are density‐dependent
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 5, No. 19 ( 2015-10), p. 4300-4314
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 19 ( 2015-10), p. 4300-4314
    Abstract: Soil food webs comprise a multitude of trophic interactions that can affect the composition and productivity of plant communities. Belowground predators feeding on microbial grazers like C ollembola could decelerate nutrient mineralization by reducing microbial turnover in the soil, which in turn could negatively influence plant growth. However, empirical evidences for the ecological significance of belowground predators on nutrient cycling and plant communities are scarce. Here, we manipulated predator density ( H ypoaspis aculeifer : predatory mite) with equal densities of three C ollembola species as a prey in four functionally dissimilar plant communities in experimental microcosms: grass monoculture ( P oa pratensis ), herb monoculture ( R umex acetosa ), legume monoculture ( T rifolium pratense ), and all three species as a mixed plant community. Density manipulation of predators allowed us to test for density‐mediated effects of belowground predators on C ollembola and lower trophic groups. We hypothesized that predator density will reduce C ollembola population causing a decrease in nutrient mineralization and hence detrimentally affect plant growth. First, we found a density‐dependent population change in predators, that is, an increase in low‐density treatments, but a decrease in high‐density treatments. Second, prey suppression was lower at high predator density, which caused a shift in the soil microbial community by increasing the fungal: bacterial biomass ratio, and an increase of nitrification rates, particularly in legume monocultures. Despite the increase in nutrient mineralization, legume monocultures performed worse at high predator density. Further, individual grass shoot biomass decreased in monocultures, while it increased in mixed plant communities with increasing predator density, which coincided with elevated soil N uptake by grasses. As a consequence, high predator density significantly increased plant complementarity effects indicating a decrease in interspecific plant competition. These results highlight that belowground predators can relax interspecific plant competition by increasing nutrient mineralization through their density‐dependent cascading effects on detritivore and soil microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2015.5.issue-19
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1597
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Temporal changes in plant–soil feedback effects on microbial networks, leaf metabolomics and plant–insect interactions
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1328-1343
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1328-1343
    Abstract: The importance of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) for above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic interactions is well recognized. However, most studies only condition soil for a short time before testing the feedback response. Here we investigate the influence of time of conditioning on soil microbiome composition, plant growth and metabolomics, and plant–insect interactions. We used soil collected from large outdoor mesocosms with monocultures of six species and investigated the temporal changes in the soil over a full year. Every 2 months, we assessed the legacy effects of the soils on plant growth of one of the species ( Jacobaea vulgaris ) in a climate‐controlled chamber. Each time we used tissue culture plants that were genetically identical. We also measured leaf herbivore performance and leaf metabolomes, as well as the abiotic and biotic soil properties. We show that the monoculture soils harboured different microbiomes, but that these varied over time. Growth of the test plants also varied over time and plants grew consistently less well in their own soil. The soil legacy effects on the leaf metabolome were less consistent and varied strongly over time. Networking analysis showed that soil bacteria had stronger effects on the leaf metabolome than fungi early on. However, after 12 months of conditioning, only soil fungal community composition explained the metabolomic profiles of the leaves. Insect herbivory was not affected by soil conditioning, but decreased with increasing time of conditioning. Synthesis . Our results show that the biomass response of the test plants to soil conditioning remained consistent throughout the year, even though both the soil microbiome and leaf metabolomic responses to conditioned soil varied greatly over time. These soil‐induced changes in the metabolome of plants over time can be an important driver of above‐ground multitrophic interactions in nature. Our study demonstrates that the duration of conditioning has a strong impact on plant and soil properties, which highlights that temporal variation is an important aspect to consider in future studies investigating plant–soil interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.v110.6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13872
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Plant diversity drives soil microbial biomass carbon in grasslands irrespective of global environmental change factors
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2015-11), p. 4076-4085
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2015-11), p. 4076-4085
    Abstract: Soil microbial biomass is a key determinant of carbon dynamics in the soil. Several studies have shown that soil microbial biomass significantly increases with plant species diversity, but it remains unclear whether plant species diversity can also stabilize soil microbial biomass in a changing environment. This question is particularly relevant as many global environmental change ( GEC ) factors, such as drought and nutrient enrichment, have been shown to reduce soil microbial biomass. Experiments with orthogonal manipulations of plant diversity and GEC factors can provide insights whether plant diversity can attenuate such detrimental effects on soil microbial biomass. Here, we present the analysis of 12 different studies with 14 unique orthogonal plant diversity ×  GEC manipulations in grasslands, where plant diversity and at least one GEC factor (elevated CO 2 , nutrient enrichment, drought, earthworm presence, or warming) were manipulated. Our results show that higher plant diversity significantly enhances soil microbial biomass with the strongest effects in long‐term field experiments. In contrast, GEC factors had inconsistent effects with only drought having a significant negative effect. Importantly, we report consistent non‐significant effects for all 14 interactions between plant diversity and GEC factors, which indicates a limited potential of plant diversity to attenuate the effects of GEC factors on soil microbial biomass. We highlight that plant diversity is a major determinant of soil microbial biomass in experimental grasslands that can influence soil carbon dynamics irrespective of GEC .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2015.21.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Plant diversity effects on soil microbial functions and enzymes are stronger than warming in a grassland experiment
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Ecology Vol. 96, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 99-112
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 96, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 99-112
    Abstract: Anthropogenic changes in biodiversity and atmospheric temperature significantly influence ecosystem processes. However, little is known about potential interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on essential ecosystem properties, such as soil microbial functions and element cycling. We studied the effects of orthogonal manipulations of plant diversity (one, four, and 16 species) and warming (ambient, +1.5°C, and +3°C) on soil microbial biomass, respiration, growth after nutrient additions, and activities of extracellular enzymes in 2011 and 2012 in the BAC (biodiversity and climate) perennial grassland experiment site at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Focal enzymes are involved in essential biogeochemical processes of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Soil microbial biomass and some enzyme activities involved in the C and N cycle increased significantly with increasing plant diversity in both years. In addition, 16‐species mixtures buffered warming induced reductions in topsoil water content. We found no interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on soil microbial biomass and growth rates. However, the activity of several enzymes (1,4‐β‐glucosidase, 1,4‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase, peroxidase) depended on interactions between plant diversity and warming with elevated activities of enzymes involved in the C, N, and P cycles at both high plant diversity and high warming levels. Increasing plant diversity consistently decreased microbial biomass‐specific enzyme activities and altered soil microbial growth responses to nutrient additions, indicating that plant diversity changed nutrient limitations and/or microbial community composition. In contrast to our expectations, higher plant diversity only buffered temperature effects on soil water content, but not on microbial functions. Temperature effects on some soil enzymes were greatest at high plant diversity. In total, our results suggest that the fundamental temperature ranges of soil microbial communities may be sufficiently broad to buffer their functioning against changes in temperature and that plant diversity may be a dominant control of soil microbial processes in a changing world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/14-0088.1
    DOI: 10.1890/14-0088.1.sm
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiomes jointly determine temporal shifts in plant‐soil feedbacks
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Plant, Cell & Environment Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1885-1899
    Details
    In: Plant, Cell & Environment, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1885-1899
    Abstract: The direction and magnitude of plant‐soil feedbacks (PSF) depend on plant growth stages. Temporal shifts in PSFs effects could be linked to temporal dynamics of root exudate diversity whereas temporal changes of soil bacterial and fungal diversity effects contributed to a lesser extent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-7791 , 1365-3040
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/pce.v46.6
    DOI: 10.1111/pce.14570
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 391893-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020843-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Plant community composition steers grassland vegetation via soil legacy effects
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 973-982
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 973-982
    Abstract: Soil legacy effects are commonly highlighted as drivers of plant community dynamics and species co‐existence. However, experimental evidence for soil legacy effects of conditioning plant communities on responding plant communities under natural conditions is lacking. We conditioned 192 grassland plots using six different plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs and for different durations. Soil microbial legacies were evident for soil fungi, but not for soil bacteria, while soil abiotic parameters did not significantly change in response to conditioning. The soil legacies affected the composition of the succeeding vegetation. Plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs left soil legacies that negatively affected succeeding plants of the same functional type. We conclude that fungal‐mediated soil legacy effects play a significant role in vegetation assembly of natural plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.v23.6
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.13497
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020195-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Foliar herbivory on plants creates soil legacy effects that impact future insect herbivore growth via changes in plant community biomass allocation
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1047-1062
    Details
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1047-1062
    Abstract: Plants leave legacy effects in the soil they grow in, which can drive important vegetation processes, including productivity, community dynamics and species turnover. Plants at the same time also face continuous pressure posed by insect herbivores. Given the intimate interactions between plants and herbivores in ecosystems, plant identity and herbivory are likely to interactively shape soil legacies. However, the mechanisms that drive such legacy effects on future generations of plants and associated herbivores are little known. In a greenhouse study, we exposed 10 common grasses and non‐leguminous forbs individually to insect herbivory by two closely related noctuid caterpillars, Mamestra brassicae and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or kept them free of herbivores. We then used the soil legacies created by these plant individuals to grow a plant community composed of all 10 plant species in each soil and exposed these plant communities to M. brassicae . We measured conditioning plant biomass, soil respiration and chemistry of the conditioned soils, as well as individual plant, plant community and herbivore biomass responses. At the end of the conditioning phase, soils with herbivore legacies had higher soil respiration, but only significantly so for M. brassicae . Herbivore legacies had minimal impacts on community productivity. However, path models reveal that herbivore‐induced soil legacies affected responding herbivores through changes in plant community shoot: root ratios. Soil legacy effect patterns differed between functional groups. We found strong plant species and functional group‐specific effects on soil respiration parameters, which in turn led to plant community shifts in grass: forb biomass ratios. Soil legacies were negative for the growth of plants of the same functional group. Synthesis . We show that insect herbivory, plant species and their functional groups, all incur soil microbial responses that lead to subtle (herbivory) or strong (plants and their functional group) effects in response plant communities and associated polyphagous herbivores. Hence, even though typically ignored, our study emphasizes that legacies of previous insect herbivory in the soil can influence current soil–plant–insect community interactions. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fec.v36.4
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020307-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 619313-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Above‐belowground linkages of functionally dissimilar plant communities and soil properties in a grassland experiment
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09)
    Abstract: Changes in plant community composition can have long‐lasting consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, how the duration of plant growth of functionally distinct grassland plant communities influences abiotic and biotic soil properties and thus ecosystem functions is poorly known. In a field experiment, we established identical experimental subplots in two successive years comprising of fast‐ or slow‐growing grass and forb community mixtures with different forb:grass ratios. After one and two years of plant growth, we measured above‐ and belowground biomass, soil abiotic characteristics (pH, organic matter, soil nutrients), soil microbial properties (respiration, biomass, community composition), and nematode abundance. Fast‐ and slow‐growing plant communities did not differ in above‐ and belowground biomass. However, fast‐ and slow‐growing plant communities created distinct soil bacterial communities, whereas soil fungal communities differed most in 100% forb communities compared to other forb:grass ratio mixtures. Moreover, soil nitrate availability was higher after two years of plant growth, whereas the opposite was true for soil ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, total nematodes and especially bacterial‐feeding nematodes were more abundant after two years of plant growth. Our results show that plant community composition is a driving factor in soil microbial community assembly and that the duration of plant growth plays a crucial role in the establishment of plant community and functional group composition effects on abiotic and biotic soil ecosystem functioning under natural field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v11.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3246
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Root exudate cocktails: the link between plant diversity and soil microorganisms?
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 6, No. 20 ( 2016-10), p. 7387-7396
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 20 ( 2016-10), p. 7387-7396
    Abstract: Higher plant diversity is often associated with higher soil microbial biomass and diversity, which is assumed to be partly due to elevated root exudate diversity. However, there is little experimental evidence that diversity of root exudates shapes soil microbial communities. We tested whether higher root exudate diversity enhances soil microbial biomass and diversity in a plant diversity gradient, thereby negating significant plant diversity effects on soil microbial properties. We set up plant monocultures and two‐ and three‐species mixtures in microcosms using functionally dissimilar plants and soil of a grassland biodiversity experiment in Germany. Artificial exudate cocktails were added by combining the most common sugars, organic acids, and amino acids found in root exudates. We applied four different exudate cocktails: two exudate diversity levels (low‐ and high‐diversity) and two nutrient‐enriched levels (carbon‐ and nitrogen‐enriched), and a control with water only. Soil microorganisms were more carbon‐ than nitrogen‐limited. Cultivation‐independent fingerprinting analysis revealed significantly different soil microbial communities among exudate diversity treatments. Most notably and according to our hypothesis, adding diverse exudate cocktails negated the significant plant diversity effect on soil microbial properties. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that root exudate diversity is a crucial link between plant diversity and soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2016.6.issue-20
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2454
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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