In:
Translational Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-03-10)
Abstract:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered functioning in multiple cognitive domains and neural networks. This paper offers an overarching biological perspective across these. We applied a novel strategy that extracts functional connectivity modulations in the brain across one ( P single ), two ( P mix ) or three ( P all ) cognitive tasks and compared the pattern of modulations between participants with ADHD ( n -89), unaffected siblings ( n = 93) and controls ( n = 84; total N = 266; age range = 8–27 years). Participants with ADHD had significantly fewer P all connections (modulated regardless of task), but significantly more task-specific ( P single ) connectivity modulations than the other groups. The amplitude of these P single modulations was significantly higher in ADHD. Unaffected siblings showed a similar degree of P all connectivity modulation as controls but a similar degree of P single connectivity modulation as ADHD probands. P all connections were strongly reproducible at the individual level in controls, but showed marked heterogeneity in both participants with ADHD and unaffected siblings. The pattern of reduced task-generic and increased task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may be interpreted as reflecting a less efficient functional brain architecture due to a reduction in the ability to generalise processing pathways across multiple cognitive domains. The higher amplitude of unique task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may index a more “effortful” coping strategy. Unaffected siblings displayed a task connectivity profile in between that of controls and ADHD probands, supporting an endophenotype view. Our approach provides a new perspective on the core neural underpinnings of ADHD.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2158-3188
DOI:
10.1038/s41398-021-01284-z
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2021
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2609311-X
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