In:
Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 116, No. 17 ( 2007-10-23), p. 1896-1906
Abstract:
Background— The astonishing thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx, which rivals that of endothelial cells in the microvasculature, was disclosed in the last 15 years. As already demonstrated, this structure plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation and vascular permeability. Methods and Results— Two components of the glycocalyx, syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate, were measured in arterial blood of 18 patients undergoing surgery of the ascending aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass (n=12 with and n=6 without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest) and of 14 patients undergoing surgery for infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Basal values of syndecan-1 (1.2 μg/dL) and heparan sulfate (590 μg/dL) of patients were similar to those of control subjects. Anesthesia and initiation of surgery caused no changes. Global ischemia with circulatory arrest (n=12) was followed by transient 42- and 10-fold increases in syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate, respectively, during early reperfusion (0 to 15 minutes). After regional ischemia of heart and lungs (cardiopulmonary bypass; n=6), syndecan-1 increased 65-fold, and heparan sulfate increased 19-fold. Infrarenal ischemia was followed by 15- and 3-fold increases, respectively (n=14). The early postischemic rises were positively correlated ( r =0.76, P 〈 0.001). Plasma concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 did not change. Circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the level of postischemic heparan sulfate corresponded negatively. Immunohistochemical imaging and immunoassay of isolated hearts (guinea pig) substantiated syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate as components of the endothelial glycocalyx released into the coronary venous effluent. Electron microscopy revealed shedding of the glycocalyx after ischemia/reperfusion. Conclusions— This study provides the first evidence in humans for shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx during ischemia/reperfusion procedures.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0009-7322
,
1524-4539
DOI:
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.684852
Language:
English
Publisher:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Publication Date:
2007
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1466401-X
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