In:
European Journal of Ophthalmology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 5 ( 2023-09), p. 1883-1891
Abstract:
Studies have indicated that the observed association between vitamin D and myopia was confounded by time spent outdoors. This study aimed to elucidate this association using a national cross-sectional dataset. Methods Participants with 12 to 25 years who participated in non-cycloplegic vision exam from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2008 were included in the present study. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of any eyes ≤ −0.5 diopters (D). Results 7,657 participants were included. The weighted proportion of emmetropes, mild myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia were 45.5%, 39.1%, 11.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, TV/computer usage, and stratified by education attainment, every 10 nmol/L increment of serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a reduced risk of myopia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93–0.99 for any myopia; OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.93–1.00 for mild myopia; OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.97–1.01 for moderate myopia; OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.84–0.95 for high myopia). Serum 25(OH)D level was closely correlated with time spent outdoors. After categorizing time spent outdoors into quarters (low, low-medium, medium-high, and high), every 1 quarter increment of time spent outdoors was associated with 2.49 nmol/L higher serum 25(OH)D concentration. After adjusting for time spent outdoors, serum 25(OH)D level did not show significant association with myopia (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 0.94–1.06 for 10 nmol/L increment). Conclusions The association between high serum vitamin D and reduced risk of myopia is confounded by longer time spent outdoors. Evidence from the present study does not support that there is a direct association between serum vitamin D level with myopia.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1120-6721
,
1724-6016
DOI:
10.1177/11206721231161498
Language:
English
Publisher:
SAGE Publications
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1475018-1
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