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  • American Physiological Society  (4)
  • Grace, M. K.  (4)
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  • American Physiological Society  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rat hypothalamic NPY mRNA and brown fat uncoupling protein mRNA after high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets
    American Physiological Society ; 1994
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 266, No. 5 ( 1994-05-01), p. R1578-R1583
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 266, No. 5 ( 1994-05-01), p. R1578-R1583
    Abstract: We measured the influence of diet composition on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) message and brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA using different diets. Sprague-Dawley rats ate ad libitum either chow, a high-carbohydrate (HC), an intermediate-carbohydrate (IHC), a high-fat (HF), or an intermediate-fat (IHF) diet, all with equal protein content (g/kcal). The HF and IHF groups ate less food mass and, except for HC, all groups consumed similar kilocalories during the study. After 1 wk, we killed the animals and extracted total RNA from arcuate nucleus, cortex, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Arcuate NPY mRNA in the HF group was significantly (P 〈 0.001) lower than in the HC and chow group. There were no differences between groups in NPY message in cortex or NPY protein in the paraventricular nucleus. BAT UCP message levels were significantly higher (P = 0.001) in the HF group. Thus HF compared with HC and chow diet reduces expression of NPY mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei and increases expression of BAT UCP message.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.5.R1578
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Naltrexone induces arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y gene expression in the rat
    American Physiological Society ; 1996
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 271, No. 1 ( 1996-07-01), p. R289-R294
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 271, No. 1 ( 1996-07-01), p. R289-R294
    Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent effects on several components of energy metabolism, including increased feeding and decreased brown fat thermogenesis. Negative energy balance, such as food deprivation, increases NPY mRNA in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Naltrexone (NLTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, decreases NPY-induced feeding. We hypothesized that NLTX would alter ARC NPY mRNA and change NPY effects on brown fat. Osmotic minipumps prefilled with either saline or NLTX (70 micrograms/h) were implanted subcutaneously in 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One-half of the rats were food deprived and one-half were allowed food ad libitum for 48 h. Food intake was measured at 24 and 48 h. At 48 h, ARC NPY mRNA and brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA levels were determined using cDNA probes. Forty-eight-hour food intake was significantly decreased by 24% after NLTX infusion. Food deprivation and NLTX treatment significantly and independently increased ARC NPY mRNA and decreased UCP mRNA levels in brown fat, suggesting a complex interaction between hypothalamic NPY and endogenous opioids in the regulation of energy balance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.1.R289
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preference and diet type affect macronutrient selection after morphine, NPY, norepinephrine, and deprivation
    American Physiological Society ; 1994
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 266, No. 2 ( 1994-02-01), p. R426-R433
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 266, No. 2 ( 1994-02-01), p. R426-R433
    Abstract: The orexigenic agents morphine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and norepinephrine (NE) and deprivation have been reported to induce selection of specific macronutrients: fat, carbohydrate (CHO), CHO, and fat, respectively. We utilized analysis of covariance to compensate for the influence of baseline preference on feeding induced by six experimental procedures: morphine, NPY, NE, 24 and 48 h food deprivation, and chronic dietary restriction. Rats received one of two dietary regimens: three macronutrient diets containing CHO, protein, or fat (regimen I) and two nutritionally complete diets that were high CHO or high fat (regimen II). Baseline preference significantly influenced dietary selection after all six experimental procedures studied in regimen I and after NPY, NE, 48 h food deprivation, and chronic dietary restriction in regimen II (covariate P 〈 0.05). In both dietary regimens, morphine (5 mg/kg) increased consumption of fat, NPY (5 micrograms icv) increased selection of CHO, and consumption of all diets was induced equally after NE injections (20 micrograms icv). After 24 or 48 h food deprivation, animals consumed more fat in regimen I and more CHO diet in regimen II. Restricting food intake by 20% increased fat and protein consumption in regimen I but had no effect in regimen II. Diet selection is affected by prior preference, feeding stimulus, and type of diet choice presented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.R426
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chronic food restriction and acute food deprivation decrease mRNA levels of opioid peptides in arcuate nucleus
    American Physiological Society ; 1996
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 270, No. 5 ( 1996-05-01), p. R1019-R1024
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 270, No. 5 ( 1996-05-01), p. R1019-R1024
    Abstract: Although opioid administration induces food intake, the relationship between endogenous opioid synthesis and food consumption is unclear. Two studies examined the effects of food restriction and deprivation on opioid mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the rat. Body weight significantly decreased following food restriction and deprivation (P 〈 0.0001). In experiment 1, food restriction of 10,20,30, and 40% (g) of ad libitum intake for 14 days decreased proDynorphin (proDyn), proEnkephalin (proEnk), and proOpiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in a linear fashion relative to changes in body weight (r = 0.398, P = 0.0011; r = 0.455, P = 0.0028; r = 0.292, P = 0.0642, respectively). In experiment 2, 48 h deprivation significantly decreased mRNA levels of proDyn and POMC by 23.7% (P 〈 0.05) and 45.6% (P 〈 0.01), respectively, whereas 24 h food deprivation decreased POMC mRNA by 43.% (P 〈 0.01). proEnk mRNA was not affected by 24- or 48-h food deprivation. Restricting food intake suppressed mRNA levels of proDyn, proEnk, and POMC by 29.7, 22.3, and 44.4%, respectively, in 20% restricted rats and by 35.5, 26.8, and 45.6%, respectively, in 40%restricted rats (P 〈 0.01). It appears that ARC mRNA levels of proDyn, proEnk, and POMC are directly related to the amount of food consumed and/or changes in body weight in food-restricted and food-deprived rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.5.R1019
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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