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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
  • Kahn, R. S.  (9)
  • 2010-2014  (9)
Type of Medium
Publisher
  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
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Language
Years
  • 2010-2014  (9)
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aberrant resting-state connectivity in non-psychotic individuals with auditory hallucinations
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 43, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 1685-1696
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 1685-1696
    Abstract: Although auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core symptom of schizophrenia, they also occur in non-psychotic individuals, in the absence of other psychotic, affective, cognitive and negative symptoms. AVH have been hypothesized to result from deviant integration of inferior frontal, parahippocampal and superior temporal brain areas. However, a direct link between dysfunctional connectivity and AVH has not yet been established. To determine whether hallucinations are indeed related to aberrant connectivity, AVH should be studied in isolation, for example in non-psychotic individuals with AVH. Method Resting-state connectivity was investigated in 25 non-psychotic subjects with AVH and 25 matched control subjects using seed regression analysis with the (1) left and (2) right inferior frontal, (3) left and (4) right superior temporal and (5) left parahippocampal areas as the seed regions. To correct for cardiorespiratory (CR) pulsatility rhythms in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, heartbeat and respiration were monitored during scanning and the fMRI data were corrected for these rhythms using the image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects RETROICOR. Results In comparison with the control group, non-psychotic individuals with AVH showed increased connectivity between the left and the right superior temporal regions and also between the left parahippocampal region and the left inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, this group did not show a negative correlation between the left superior temporal region and the right inferior frontal region, as was observed in the healthy control group. Conclusions Aberrant connectivity of frontal, parahippocampal and superior temporal brain areas can be specifically related to the predisposition to hallucinate in the auditory domain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712002541
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2563-2570
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2563-2570
    Abstract: Schizophrenia is associated with lower pre-morbid intelligence (IQ) in addition to (pre-morbid) cognitive decline. Both schizophrenia and IQ are highly heritable traits. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, including copy number variants (CNVs) and a polygenic schizophrenia (risk) score (PSS), may influence intelligence. Method IQ was estimated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). CNVs were determined from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the QuantiSNP and PennCNV algorithms. For the PSS, odds ratios for genome-wide SNP data were calculated in a sample collected by the Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (8690 schizophrenia patients and 11 831 controls). These were used to calculate individual PSSs in our independent sample of 350 schizophrenia patients and 322 healthy controls. Results Although significantly more genes were disrupted by deletions in schizophrenia patients compared to controls ( p  = 0.009), there was no effect of CNV measures on IQ. The PSS was associated with disease status ( R 2  = 0.055, p  = 2.1 × 10 −7 ) and with IQ in the entire sample ( R 2  = 0.018, p  = 0.0008) but the effect on IQ disappeared after correction for disease status. Conclusions Our data suggest that rare and common schizophrenia-associated variants do not explain the variation in IQ in healthy subjects or in schizophrenia patients. Thus, reductions in IQ in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to other processes related to schizophrenia risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713000196
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 1301-1310
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 1301-1310
    Abstract: Cannabis use is associated with psychosis and a range of subclinical psychiatric symptoms. The strength of this association depends on dosage and age at first use. The current study investigates whether level of cannabis exposure and starting age are associated with specific profiles of subclinical symptoms. Method We collected cross-sectional data from a young adult population sample by administering an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Cannabis exposure was quantified as the amount of Euros spent on cannabis per week and the age of initial cannabis use. The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) to belong to the highest 10% of scores on the total CAPE and the positive-, negative- and depressive symptom dimensions. Results In 17 698 adolescents (mean age 21.6, s.d .=4.2 years), cannabis use at age 12 years or younger was strongly associated with a top 10% score on psychotic experiences [OR 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–4.3] and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). The OR of heavy users ( 〉 €25/week) for negative symptoms was 3.4 (95% CI 2.9–4.1), for psychotic experiences 3.0 (95% CI 2.4–3.6), and for depressive symptoms 2.8 (95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusions Early start of cannabis use is strongly associated with subclinical psychotic symptoms and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms, while smoking high amounts of cannabis is associated with increased levels of all three symptom dimensions: psychotic, negative and depressive. These results support the hypothesis that the impact of cannabis use is age specific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S003329171000187X
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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    Online Resource
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Age at onset of non-affective psychosis in relation to cannabis use, other drug use and gender
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 42, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1903-1911
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 42, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1903-1911
    Abstract: Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age at onset of psychotic illness. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this association is confounded by gender or other substance use in a large cohort of patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder. Method In 785 patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder, regression analysis was used to investigate the independent effects of gender, cannabis use and other drug use on age at onset of first psychosis. Results Age at onset was 1.8 years earlier in cannabis users compared to non-users, controlling for gender and other possible confounders. Use of other drugs did not have an additional effect on age at onset when cannabis use was taken into account. In 63.5% of cannabis-using patients, age at most intense cannabis use preceded the age at onset of first psychosis. In males, the mean age at onset was 1.3 years lower than in females, controlling for cannabis use and other confounders. Conclusions Cannabis use and gender are independently associated with an earlier onset of psychotic illness. Our findings also suggest that cannabis use may precipitate psychosis. More research is needed to clarify the neurobiological factors that make people vulnerable to this precipitating effect of cannabis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712000062
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 2475-2484
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 2475-2484
    Abstract: Hallucinations have consistently been associated with traumatic experiences during childhood. This association appears strongest between physical and sexual abuse and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). It remains unclear whether traumatic experiences mainly colour the content of AVH or whether childhood trauma triggers the vulnerability to experience hallucinations in general. In order to investigate the association between hallucinations, childhood trauma and the emotional content of hallucinations, experienced trauma and phenomenology of AVH were investigated in non-psychotic individuals and in patients with a psychotic disorder who hear voices. Method A total of 127 non-psychotic individuals with frequent AVH, 124 healthy controls and 100 psychotic patients with AVH were assessed for childhood trauma. Prevalence of childhood trauma was compared between groups and the relation between characteristics of voices, especially emotional valence of content, and childhood trauma was investigated. Results Both non-psychotic individuals with AVH and patients with a psychotic disorder and AVH experienced more sexual and emotional abuse compared with the healthy controls. No difference in the prevalence of traumatic experiences could be observed between the two groups experiencing AVH. In addition, no type of childhood trauma could distinguish between positive or negative emotional valence of the voices and associated distress. No correlations were found between sexual abuse and emotional abuse and other AVH characteristics. Conclusions These results suggest that sexual and emotional trauma during childhood render a person more vulnerable to experience AVH in general, which can be either positive voices without associated distress or negative voices as part of a psychotic disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712000761
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hyperprolactinemia in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2571-2582
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2571-2582
    Abstract: Hyperprolactinemia is frequent in patients with schizophrenic psychoses. It is usually regarded as an adverse effect of antipsychotics but has recently also been shown in patients without antipsychotic medication. Our objective was to test whether hyperprolactinemia occurs in antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients (FEPs). Method In the framework of the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST), 249 out of 498 FEPs were eligible for this study, of whom 74 were antipsychotic naive. All patients were investigated regarding their serum prolactin levels with immunoassays standardized against the 3rd International Reference Standard 84/500. Results Twenty-nine (39%) of the 74 antipsychotic-naive patients showed hyperprolactinemia not explained by any other reason, 11 (50%) of 22 women and 18 (35%) of 52 men. Conclusions Hyperprolactinemia may be present in patients with schizophrenic psychoses independent of antipsychotic medication. It might be stress induced. As enhanced prolactin can increase dopamine release through a feedback mechanism, this could contribute to explaining how stress can trigger the outbreak of psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713000226
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unmet needs in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a longitudinal perspective
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 1461-1473
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 1461-1473
    Abstract: This study aimed to identify the course of unmet needs by patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and to determine associated variables. Method We investigated baseline assessments in the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) and also follow-up interviews at 6 and 12 months. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify patient groups based on individual differences in the development of unmet needs. Multinomial logistic regression determined the predictors of group membership. Results Four classes were identified. Three differed in their baseline levels of unmet needs whereas the fourth had a marked decrease in such needs. Main predictors of class membership were prognosis and depression at baseline, and the quality of life and psychosocial intervention at follow-up. Depression at follow-up did not vary among classes. Conclusions We identified subtypes of patients with different courses of unmet needs. Prognosis of clinical improvement was a better predictor for the decline in unmet needs than was psychopathology. Needs concerning social relationships were particularly persistent in patients who remained high in their unmet needs and who lacked additional psychosocial treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711002406
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cigarette smoking and cannabis use are equally strongly associated with psychotic-like experiences: a cross-sectional study in 1929 young adults
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 43, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 2393-2401
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 2393-2401
    Abstract: Cannabis use is associated with increased risk for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and psychotic disorders. It remains unclear whether this relationship is causal or due to confounding. Method A total of 1929 young adults aged 18–30 years participated in a nationwide internet-based survey in The Netherlands and gave information on demographics, substance use and parental psychiatric illness and completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Results Cigarette smoking and cannabis use were equally strongly associated with the frequency of PLEs in a fully adjusted model ( β  = 0.098 and 0.079 respectively, p   〈  0.05). Cannabis use was associated with distress from PLEs in a model adjusted for an elaborate set of confounders excluding smoking ( β  = 0.082, p   〈  0.05). However, when cigarette smoking was included in the model, cannabis use was not a significant predictor of distress from PLEs. Cigarette smoking remained associated with distress from PLEs in a fully adjusted model ( β  = 0.107, p   〈  0.001). Conclusions Smoking is an equally strong independent predictor of frequency of PLEs as monthly cannabis use. Our results suggest that the association between moderate cannabis use and PLEs is confounded by cigarette smoking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713000202
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Wildau
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Movement disorders are associated with schizotypy in unaffected siblings of patients with non-affective psychosis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2011-10), p. 2141-2147
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2011-10), p. 2141-2147
    Abstract: Movement disorders and schizotypy are both prevalent in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and both are associated with the risk of developing psychosis or schizophrenia. However, to date there has been no research into the association between these two vulnerability factors in persons with an increased genetic risk profile. We hypothesized that unaffected siblings of patients with non-affective psychosis have more movement disorders and schizotypy than healthy controls and that these co-occur. Method In a cross-sectional design we assessed the prevalence and inter-relationship of movement disorders and schizotypy in 115 unaffected siblings (mean age 27 years, 44% males) and 100 healthy controls (mean age 26 years, 51% males). Movement disorders were measured with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), and one separate item for dystonia. Schizotypy was assessed with the Structured Interview for Schizotypy – Revised (SIS-R). Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of movement disorders in unaffected siblings versus healthy controls (10% v . 1%, p 〈 0.01) but not in the prevalence of schizotypy. Unaffected siblings with a movement disorder displayed significantly more positive and total schizotypy ( p =0.02 and 0.03 respectively) than those without. In addition, dyskinesia correlated with positive schizotypy ( r =0.51, p =0.02). Conclusions The association between movement disorders (dyskinesia in particular) with positive and total schizotypy in unaffected siblings suggests that certain vulnerability factors for psychosis or schizophrenia cluster in a subgroup of subjects with an increased genetic risk of developing the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711000389
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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    BTU Cottbus
    Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein
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