X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atraumatic Oral Spray Immunization with Replication-Deficient Viral Vector Vaccines
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 81, No. 23 ( 2007-12), p. 13180-13190
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 23 ( 2007-12), p. 13180-13190
    Abstract: The development of needle-free vaccines is one of the recently defined “grand challenges in global health” (H. Varmus, R. Klausner, R. Klausner, R. Zerhouni, T. Acharya, A. S. Daar, and P. A. Singer, Science 302:398-399, 2003). To explore whether a natural pathway to the inductive site of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue could be exploited for atraumatic immunization purposes, replication-deficient viral vector vaccines were sprayed directly onto the tonsils of rhesus macaques. Tonsillar immunization with viral vector vaccines encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens induced cellular and humoral immune responses. Viral RNA levels after a stringent SIV challenge were reduced, providing a level of protection similar to that observed after systemic immunization with the same vaccines. Thus, atraumatic oral spray immunization with replication-deficient vectors can overcome the epithelial barrier, deliver the vaccine antigen to the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, and avoid induction of tolerance, providing a novel approach to circumvent acceptability problems of syringe and needle vaccines for children and in developing countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01400-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Δ nef Vaccine, after Application to the Tonsils of Rhesus Macaques, Replicates Primarily within CD4 + T Cells and Elicits a Local Perforin-Positive CD8 + T-Cell Response
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2002-01-15), p. 688-696
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2002-01-15), p. 688-696
    Abstract: Deletion of the nef gene from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac239 yields a virus that undergoes attenuated growth in rhesus macaques and offers substantial protection against a subsequent challenge with some SIV wild-type viruses. We used a recently described model to identify sites in which the SIVΔ nef vaccine strain replicates and elicits immunity in vivo. A high dose of SIVΔ nef was applied to the palatine and lingual tonsils, where it replicated vigorously in this portal of entry at 7 days. Within 2 weeks, the virus had spread and was replicating actively in axillary lymph nodes, primarily in extrafollicular T-cell-rich regions but also in germinal centers. At this time, large numbers of perforin-positive cells, both CD8 + T cells and CD3-negative presumptive natural killer cells, were found in the tonsil and axillary lymph nodes. The number of infected cells and perforin-positive cells then fell. When autopsy studies were carried out at 26 weeks, only 1 to 3 cells hybridized for viral RNA per section of lymphoid tissue. Nevertheless, infected cells were detected chronically in most lymphoid organs, where the titers of infectious virus could exceed by a log or more the titers in blood. Immunocytochemical labeling at the early active stages of infection showed that cells expressing SIVΔ nef RNA were CD4 + T lymphocytes. A majority of infected cells were not in the active cell cycle, since 60 to 70% of the RNA-positive cells in tissue sections lacked the Ki-67 cell cycle antigen, and both Ki-67-positive and -negative cells had similar grain counts for viral RNA. Macrophages and dendritic cells, identified with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to these cells, were rarely infected. We conclude that the attenuated growth and protection observed with the SIVΔ nef vaccine strain does not require that the virus shift its characteristic site of replication, the CD4 + T lymphocyte. In fact, this immunodeficiency virus can replicate actively in CD4 + T cells prior to being contained by the host, at least in part by a strong killer cell response that is generated acutely in the infected lymph nodes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.2.688-696.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence for Recombination of Live, Attenuated Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine with Challenge Virus to a More Virulent Strain
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 74, No. 8 ( 2000-04-15), p. 3537-3542
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 74, No. 8 ( 2000-04-15), p. 3537-3542
    Abstract: Live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines, such as nef deletion mutants, are the most effective vaccines tested in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model. In two independent studies designed to determine the breadth of protection induced by live, attenuated SIV vaccines, we noticed that three of the vaccinated macaques developed higher set point viral load levels than unvaccinated control monkeys. Two of these vaccinated monkeys developed AIDS, while the control monkeys infected in parallel remained asymptomatic. Concomitant with an increase in viral load, a recombinant of the vaccine virus and the challenge virus could be detected. Therefore, the emergence of more-virulent recombinants of live, attenuated immunodeficiency viruses and less-aggressive wild-type viruses seems to be an additional risk of live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.74.8.3537-3542.2000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Env-Independent Protection Induced by Live, Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 72, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 7846-7851
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 72, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 7846-7851
    Abstract: Live attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), such as nef deletion mutants, are the most effective vaccines tested in the SIV-macaque model so far. To modulate the antiviral immune response induced by live attenuated SIV vaccines, we had previously infected rhesus monkeys with a nef deletion mutant of SIV expressing interleukin 2 (SIV-IL2) (B. R. Gundlach, H. Linhart, U. Dittmer, S. Sopper, S. Reiprich, D. Fuchs, B. Fleckenstein, G. Hunsmann, S. Stahl-Hennig, and K. Überla, J. Virol. 71:2225–2232, 1997). In the present study, SIV-IL2-infected macaques and macaques infected with the nef deletion mutant SIVΔNU were challenged with pathogenic SIV 9 to 11 months postvaccination. In contrast to the results with naive control monkeys, no challenge virus could be isolated from the SIV-IL2- and SIVΔNU-infected macaques. However, challenge virus sequences could be detected by nested PCR in some of the vaccinated macaques. To determine the role of immune responses directed against Env of SIV, four vaccinated macaques were rechallenged with an SIV-murine leukemia virus (MLV) hybrid in which the env gene of SIV had been functionally replaced by the env gene of amphotropic MLV. All vaccinated macaques were protected from productive infection with the SIV-MLV hybrid in the absence of measurable neutralizing antibodies, while two naive control monkeys were readily infected. Since the SIV-MLV hybrid uses the MLV Env receptor Pit2 and not CD4 and a coreceptor for virus entry, chemokine inhibition and receptor interference phenomena were not involved in protection. These results indicate that the protective responses induced by live attenuated SIV vaccines can be independent of host immune reactions directed against Env.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.10.7846-7851.1998
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-12-Impaired and IL-12-Secreting Dendritic Cells Produce IL-23 upon CD154 Restimulation
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 180, No. 10 ( 2008-05-15), p. 6629-6639
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 180, No. 10 ( 2008-05-15), p. 6629-6639
    Abstract: Experimental studies in monkeys on the basis of ex vivo-generated, reinjected dendritic cells (DCs) allow investigations of primate DC biology in vivo. To study in vitro and in vivo properties of DCs with a reduced capacity to produce IL-12, we adapted findings obtained in vitro with human cells to the rhesus macaque model. Following exposure of immature monocyte-derived monkey DCs to the immunomodulating synthetic polypeptide glatiramer acetate (GA) and to dibutyryl-cAMP (d-cAMP; i.e., a cAMP enhancer that activates DCs but inhibits the induction of Th1 immune responses), the resulting DCs displayed a mature phenotype with enhanced Ag-specific T cell stimulatory function, notably also for memory Th1 cells. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was not induced in GA/d-cAMP-activated DCs. Accordingly, these cells secreted significantly less IL-12p40 (p ≤ 0.001) than did cytokine-activated cells. However, upon restimulation with rhesus macaque CD154, GA/d-cAMP-activated DCs produced IL-12p40/IL-23. Additionally, DCs activated by proinflammatory cytokines following protocols for the generation of cells used in clinical studies secreted significantly more IL-23 upon CD154 restimulation than following prior activation. Two days after intradermal injection, GA/d-cAMP-activated fluorescence-labeled DCs were detected in the T cell areas of draining lymph nodes. When similarly injected, GA/d-cAMP as well as cytokine-activated protein-loaded DCs induced comparable Th immune responses characterized by secretion of IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17, and transiently expanded FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Reactivation of primate DCs through CD154 considerably influences their immmunostimulatory properties. This may have a substantial impact on the development of innovative vaccine approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6629
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
Nothing or not found what you are looking for? Please check your search query or use the Interlibrary Loan Search.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. Further information can be found on the KOBV privacy pages