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  • 1
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    The BINGO project : II. Instrument description
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A15-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A15-
    Abstract: Context. The measurement of diffuse 21-cm radiation from the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen (H  I signal) in different redshifts is an important tool for modern cosmology. However, detecting this faint signal with non-cryogenic receivers in single-dish telescopes is a challenging task. The BINGO (Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) radio telescope is an instrument designed to detect baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) in the cosmological H  I signal, in the redshift interval 0.127 ≤  z  ≤ 0.449. Aims. This paper describes the BINGO radio telescope, including the current status of the optics, receiver, observational strategy, calibration, and the site. Methods. BINGO has been carefully designed to minimize systematics, being a transit instrument with no moving dishes and 28 horns operating in the frequency range 980 ≤  ν  ≤ 1260 MHz. Comprehensive laboratory tests were conducted for many of the BINGO subsystems and the prototypes of the receiver chain, horn, polarizer, magic tees, and transitions have been successfully tested between 2018–2020. The survey was designed to cover ∼13% of the sky, with the primary mirror pointing at declination δ  = −15°. The telescope will see an instantaneous declination strip of 14.75°. Results. The results of the prototype tests closely meet those obtained during the modeling process, suggesting BINGO will perform according to our expectations. After one year of observations with a 60% duty cycle and 28 horns, BINGO should achieve an expected sensitivity of 102 μK per 9.33 MHz frequency channel, one polarization, and be able to measure the H  I power spectrum in a competitive time frame.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039962
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
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    The BINGO project : VI. H I halo occupation distribution and mock building
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A19-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A19-
    Abstract: Context. BINGO (Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a radio telescope designed to survey from 980 MHz to 1260 MHz, observe the neutral hydrogen (H  I ) 21 cm line, and detect the baryon acoustic oscillation signal with the intensity mapping technique. Here we present our method for generating mock maps of the 21 cm intensity mapping signal that cover the BINGO frequency range and related test results. Aims. We would like to employ N -body simulations to generate mock 21 cm intensity maps for BINGO and study the information contained in 21 cm intensity mapping observations about structure formation, H  I distribution and H  I mass-halo mass relation. Methods. We fit an H  I mass-halo mass relation from the ELUCID semianalytical galaxy catalog and applied it to the Horizen Run 4 halo catalog to generate the 21 cm mock map, which is called HOD. We also applied the abundance-matching method and matched the Horizen Run 4 galaxy catalog with the H  I mass function measured from ALFALFA, to generate the 21 cm mock map, which is called HAM. Results. We studied the angular power spectrum of the mock maps and the corresponding pixel histogram. The comparison of two different mock map generation methods (HOD and HAM) is presented. We provide the fitting formula of Ω Hi , H  I bias, and the lognormal fitting parameter of the maps, which can be used to generate similar maps. We discuss the possibility of measuring Ω Hi and H  I bias by comparing the angular power spectrum of the mock maps and the theoretical calculation. We also discuss the redshift space distortion effect, the nonlinear effect, and the bin size effect in the mock map. Conclusions. By comparing the angular power spectrum measured from two different types of mock maps and the theoretical calculation, we find that the theoretical calculation can only fit the mock result at large scales. At small scales, neither the linear calculation nor the halofit nonlinear calculation can provide an accurate fitting, which reflects our poor understanding of the nonlinear distribution of H  I and its scale-dependent bias. We have found that the bias is highly sensitive to the method of populating H  I in halos, which also means that we can place constraints on the H  I distribution in halos by observing 21 cm intensity mapping. We also illustrate that only with thin frequency bins (such as 2 MHz), we can discriminate the Finger-of-God effect. All of our investigations using mocks provide useful guidance for our expectation of BINGO experiments and other 21 cm intensity mapping experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140887
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
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    The BINGO project : IV. Simulations for mission performance assessment and preliminary component separation steps
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A17-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A17-
    Abstract: Aims. The large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen (H  I ) in the Universe is luminous through its 21 cm emission. The goal of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) radio telescope is to detect baryon acoustic oscillations at radio frequencies through 21 cm intensity mapping (IM). The telescope will span the redshift range 0.127  〈   z   〈  0.449 with an instantaneous field-of-view of 14.75° ×6.0°. Methods. In this work we investigate different constructive and operational scenarios of the instrument by generating sky maps as they would be produced by the instrument. In doing this we use a set of end-to-end IM mission simulations. The maps will additionally be used to evaluate the efficiency of a component separation method ( GNILC ). Results. We have simulated the kind of data that would be produced in a single-dish IM experiment such as BINGO. According to the results obtained, we have optimized the focal plane design of the telescope. In addition, the application of the GNILC method on simulated data shows that it is feasible to extract the cosmological signal across a wide range of multipoles and redshifts. The results are comparable with the standard principal component analysis method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140886
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
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    Testing synchrotron models and frequency resolution in BINGO 21 cm simulated maps using GNILC
    EDP Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 671 ( 2023-03), p. A58-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 671 ( 2023-03), p. A58-
    Abstract: Context. The 21 cm hydrogen line is arguably one of the most powerful probes with which to explore the Universe, from recombination to the present times. To recover it, it is essential to separate the cosmological signal from the much stronger foreground contributions at radio frequencies. The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) radio telescope is designed to measure the 21 cm line and detect baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) using the intensity mapping (IM) technique. Aims. This work analyses the performance of the Generalized Needlet Internal Linear Combination ( GNILC ) method when combined with a power spectrum debiasing procedure. This method was applied to a simulated BINGO mission, building upon previous work from the collaboration. It compares two different synchrotron emission models and different instrumental configurations and takes into account ancillary data in order to optimize both the removal of foreground emission and the recovery of the 21 cm signal across the full BINGO frequency band and to determine an optimal number of frequency (redshift) bands for the signal recovery. Methods. We produced foreground emission maps using the Planck Sky Model ( PSM ) and generated cosmological H I emission maps using the Full-Sky Log-normal Astro-Fields simulation Kit ( FLASK ) package. We also created thermal noise maps according to the instrumental setup. We apply the GNILC method to the simulated sky maps to separate the H I plus thermal noise contribution and, through a debiasing procedure, recover an estimate of the noiseless 21 cm power spectrum. Results. We find a near-optimal reconstruction of the H I signal using an 80-bin configuration, which resulted in a power-spectrum reconstruction average error over all frequencies of 3%. Furthermore, our tests show that GNILC is robust against different synchrotron emission models. Finally, adding an extra channel with C -Band All-Sky Survey (CBASS) foregrounds information, we reduced the estimation error of the 21 cm signal. Conclusions. The optimization of our previous work, producing a configuration with an optimal number of channels for binning the data, significantly impacts decisions regarding BINGO hardware configuration before commissioning. We were able to recover the H I signal with good efficiency in the harmonic space, but have yet to investigate the effect of 1/ f noise in the data, which will possibly impact the recovery of the H I signal. This issue will be addressed in forthcoming work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243804
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 5
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    The BINGO project : I. Baryon acoustic oscillations from integrated neutral gas observations
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A14-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A14-
    Abstract: Context. Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen (H  I ) are a new and powerful window of observation that offers us the possibility to map the spatial distribution of cosmic H  I and learn about cosmology. Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) is a new unique radio telescope designed to be one of the first to probe baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) at radio frequencies. Aims. BINGO has two science goals: cosmology and astrophysics. Cosmology is the main science goal and the driver for BINGO’s design and strategy. The key of BINGO is to detect the low redshift BAO to put strong constraints on the dark sector models and test the ΛCDM (cold dark matter) model. Given the versatility of the BINGO telescope, a secondary goal is astrophysics, where BINGO can help discover and study fast radio bursts (FRB) and other transients, as well as study Galactic and extragalactic science. In this paper, we introduce the latest progress of the BINGO project, its science goals, describing the scientific potential of the project for each goal and the new developments obtained by the collaboration. Methods. BINGO is a single dish transit telescope that will measure the BAO at low- z by making a 3D map of the H  I distribution through the technique of intensity mapping over a large area of the sky. In order to achieve the project’s goals, a science strategy and a specific pipeline for cleaning and analyzing the produced maps and mock maps was developed by the BINGO team, which we generally summarize here. Results. We introduce the BINGO project and its science goals and give a general summary of recent developments in construction, science potential, and pipeline development obtained by the BINGO Collaboration in the past few years. We show that BINGO will be able to obtain competitive constraints for the dark sector. It also has the potential to discover several FRBs in the southern hemisphere. The capacity of BINGO in obtaining information from 21-cm is also tested in the pipeline introduced here. Following these developments, the construction and observational strategies of BINGO have been defined. Conclusions. There is still no measurement of the BAO in radio, and studying cosmology in this new window of observations is one of the most promising advances in the field. The BINGO project is a radio telescope that has the goal to be one of the first to perform this measurement and it is currently being built in the northeast of Brazil. This paper is the first of a series of papers that describe in detail each part of the development of the BINGO project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140883
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 6
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    The BINGO project : VII. Cosmological forecasts from 21 cm intensity mapping
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A20-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-08), p. A20-
    Abstract: Context. The 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen (H  I ) opens a new avenue in our exploration of the structure and evolution of the Universe. It provides complementary data to the current large-scale structure (LSS) observations with different systematics, and thus it will be used to improve our understanding of the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. This will ultimately constrain our cosmological models, attack unresolved tensions, and test our cosmological paradigm. Among several radio cosmological surveys designed to measure this line, BINGO is a single-dish telescope mainly designed to detect baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) at low redshifts (0.127  〈   z   〈  0.449). Aims. Our goal is to assess the fiducial BINGO setup and its capabilities of constraining the cosmological parameters, and to analyze the effect of different instrument configurations. Methods. We used the 21 cm angular power spectra to extract cosmological information about the H  I signal and the Fisher matrix formalism to study BINGO’s projected constraining power. Results. We used the Phase 1 fiducial configuration of the BINGO telescope to perform our cosmological forecasts. In addition, we investigated the impact of several instrumental setups, taking into account some instrumental systematics, and different cosmological models. Combining BINGO with Planck temperature and polarization data, the projected constraint improves from a 13% and 25% precision measurement at the 68% confidence level with Planck only to 1% and 3% for the Hubble constant and the dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS), respectively, within the w CDM model. Assuming a Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) parameterization, the EoS parameters have standard deviations given by σ w 0  = 0.30 and σ w a  = 1.2, which are improvements on the order of 30% with respect to Planck alone. We also compared BINGO’s fiducial forecast with future SKA measurements and found that, although it will not provide competitive constraints on the DE EoS, significant information about H  I distribution can be acquired. We can access information about the H  I density and bias, obtaining ∼8.5% and ∼6% precision, respectively, assuming they vary with redshift at three independent bins. BINGO can also help constrain alternative models, such as interacting dark energy and modified gravity models, improving the cosmological constraints significantly. Conclusions. The fiducial BINGO configuration will be able to extract significant cosmological information from the H  I distribution and provide constraints competitive with current and future cosmological surveys. It will also help in understanding the H  I physics and systematic effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140888
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
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    The BINGO project : VIII. Recovering the BAO signal in HI intensity mapping simulations
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 666 ( 2022-10), p. A83-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 666 ( 2022-10), p. A83-
    Abstract: Context. A new and promising technique for observing the Universe and study the dark sector is the intensity mapping of the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen (H  I ). The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations [BAO] from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) radio telescope will use the 21 cm line to map the Universe in the redshift range 0.127 ≤  z  ≤ 0.449 in a tomographic approach, with the main goal of probing the BAO. Aims. This work presents the forecasts of measuring the transversal BAO signal during the BINGO phase 1 operation. Methods. We used two clustering estimators: the two-point angular correlation function (ACF) in configuration space, and the angular power spectrum (APS) in harmonic space. We also used a template-based method to model the ACF and APS estimated from simulations of the BINGO region and to extract the BAO information. The tomographic approach allows the combination of redshift bins to improve the template fitting performance. We computed the ACF and APS for each of the 30 redshift bins and measured the BAO signal in three consecutive redshift blocks (lower, intermediate, and higher) of ten channels each. Robustness tests were used to evaluate several aspects of the BAO fitting pipeline for the two clustering estimators. Results. We find that each clustering estimator shows different sensitivities to specific redshift ranges, although both of them perform better at higher redshifts. In general, the APS estimator provides slightly better estimates, with smaller uncertainties and a higher probability of detecting the BAO signal, achieving ≳90% at higher redshifts. We investigate the contribution from instrumental noise and residual foreground signals and find that the former has the greater impact. It becomes more significant with increasing redshift, in particular for the APS estimator. When noise is included in the analysis, the uncertainty increases by up to a factor of ∼2.2 at higher redshifts. Foreground residuals, in contrast, do not significantly affect our final uncertainties. Conclusions. In summary, our results show that even when semi-realistic systematic effects are included, BINGO has the potential to successfully measure the BAO scale at radio frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243158
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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