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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tonal alignment in Seoul Korean
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 106, No. 4_Supplement ( 1999-10-01), p. 2152-2152
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 106, No. 4_Supplement ( 1999-10-01), p. 2152-2152
    Abstract: Bruce found that a local F0 peak is aligned very precisely in time with the segmental material in Swedish [Swedish word accents in sentence perspective (1977)]. Alternatively, it is possible that such F0 peaks may function as edge markers, and hence not necessarily be aligned with any particular aspect of the word-internal structure. This study investigates how an initial high tone is aligned in time with the segmental material in Standard Korean. Recordings of two speakers of Seoul Korean producing three-syllable words with various syllable structure combinations in two prosodic conditions were digitized and analyzed. One speaker shows no apparent pattern of alignment with the segmental material; peaks are simply reached at a fixed duration from the beginning of the utterance regardless of the structure of the word. Another speaker, however, shows that initial high tones fall into two distinct groups, ones aligned with initial syllables and ones aligned with second syllables. This syllable association is statistically related to syllable composition. These results suggest that Korean tone alignment is currently in a state of fluctuation between durationally fixed edge tones and tones associated with internal syllables according to a stochastic rule.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.427369
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability in the production of quantal vowels revisited
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1995
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 97, No. 1 ( 1995-01-01), p. 471-490
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 97, No. 1 ( 1995-01-01), p. 471-490
    Abstract: Articulatory and acoustic variability in the production of five American English vowels was examined. The data were movement records for selected fleshpoints on the midsagittal tongue surface, recorded using the x-ray microbeam. An algorithm for nonlinearly transforming fleshpoint positions to a new Cartesian space in which the x and y axes represent, respectively, the distance of the fleshpoint along the opposing vocal tract wall and the distance perpendicular to the tract wall, is described. The transformation facilitates a test of Quantal Theory in which variability in the two dimensions is compared over many productions of a given vowel type. The data provide some support for the theory. For fleshpoints near ‘‘quantal’’ constriction sites, the primary variability was in the x dimension (constriction location). The y-dimension values were more tightly constrained, and the formant frequencies were more significantly correlated with the y values than with the x values. The greater variability in constriction location than in degree was not an artifact of the greater distances traversed in the x dimension between the vowel and constrictions in neighboring consonants, since the pattern was preserved when pellet values were translated to take into account a ‘‘context-free’’ vowel target (the average values in the context of preceding and following labial consonants). Moreover, the observed correlations between formant values and pellet positions in the two dimensions for [i] and [u] were duplicated in an articulatory-to-acoustic modeling test using values for constriction length and cross-sectional area estimated from the data. The model showed smaller second formant variability in the x dimension than in the y dimension for equal-sized excursions near the constriction sites for these close vowels, in keeping with the interpretation that speakers exercise less precise control in just the dimensions and regions where quantal stability is available. However, the articulatory pattern was seen not just in vowels which clearly have consonantlike constrictions (the quantal vowels [i], [u] , and [ɑ ]), but also in nonquantal vowels such as [æ] .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.412945
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Three-dimensional tongue shapes of /r/ production in American English words
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2222-2222
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2222-2222
    Abstract: A number of studies have shown that /r/ production in American English involves complex tongue shapes. Previous 3D imaging studies, however, have been limited to sustained (static) /r/ sounds produced in supine position. Since supine versus upright posture and static versus dynamic speech production influences the shape of the tongue, it is unclear to what degree previous findings of three-dimensional tongue shapes are generalizable to /r/ sounds produced dynamically and with upright posture. This study presents upright-posture 3D tongue shapes of dynamically produced /r/ sounds from words embedded in a carrier phrase. Twenty young adult native speakers of American English participated in the study (10 males and 10 females), and analyses are ongoing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4950663
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The lingual topography of American English laterals in onsets and codas
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1928-1928
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1928-1928
    Abstract: This paper reports on a three-dimensional/four-dimensional ultrasound investigation of American English laterals. Traditional descriptions of English distinguish between pre-vocalic (onset) laterals (‘light-l’), said to involve a coronal gesture creating an alveolar occlusion on the center line with lateral venting, and post-vocalic (coda) laterals (‘dark-l’), said to involve both the coronal gesture and an additional dorsal constriction gesture. Recent work suggests that this view of laterals may be overly simple: e.g., onset laterals in American English may also have a dorsal gesture [Rhodes et al., JASA137(4), 2268–2269 (2015)]. Previous work also noted a persistent tongue configuration involving deep cupping of the midline in the palatal region yielding a raised tongue tip and dorsum around the cupped region. This configuration appears in both onsets and codas, even for a speaker who exhibited no coronal contact [Berkson et al., ICASSP (2017), pp. 5080–5084] . This study presents configurations for 20 college-aged native speakers of English (10 female) who show individual differences in (i) the presence of palatal grooving and (ii) consistency between onset and coda configurations. We contend that the onset versus coda lateral distinction cannot be reduced to a single description in terms of lingual configuration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5102009
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response bias, type and token frequency, and prosodic context in segment identification
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 122, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-11-01), p. 3019-3020
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 122, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-11-01), p. 3019-3020
    Abstract: Frequency effects are well documented in a variety of linguistic domains. However, the relationship between response bias and frequency in segment identification has received little attention. We hypothesize that listeners are biased toward higher frequency segments. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, maximum likelihood response bias parameters from the similarity choice model (Shepard, 1957; Luce, 1963) were obtained for a number of previously published segment identification data sets and rank-order correlated with a number of type and token frequency measures calculated from the Hoosier Mental Lexicon. Results indicate that bias tends to correlate more highly with type than with token frequency. Furthermore, in native and non-native individual listener data [Cutler et al. (2004)], correlations are slightly higher between bias and prosodically conditioned frequency than between bias and position-independent frequency, and correlations between bias and coda frequency are large and positive, whereas bias is not correlated with onset frequency. In addition, coda and position-independent measures of (type) frequency correlate more highly with one another than either do with onset measures. Accuracy variation and range of frequency distributions do not account for these effects. No other explanations for the observed prosodic differences are apparent. [Work supported by the NSF.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2942793
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The amount of information needed for listeners to detect a foreign accent.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 124, No. 4_Supplement ( 2008-10-01), p. 2593-2593
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 124, No. 4_Supplement ( 2008-10-01), p. 2593-2593
    Abstract: This study examined how much information is needed for listeners to detect a foreign accent. Two factors were considered regarding the amount of information: stimulus length and L1 phonotactics. Four Korean-English bilinguals and two native speakers of American English produced different lengths, but still short stimuli: the vowel /ɑ/, monosyllabic and disyllabic English words. The monosyllabic corpus, in particular, included the stimuli having both natural (i.e., CV) and unnatural syllable structures (i.e., CCV, CVC, and CCVC) as well as various segments in terms of Korean phonotatics. After being presented with a stimulus, eight native listeners were asked to judge whether the speaker of the stimulus was a native or a non-native speakers of American English. The examination of d′ value indicates that all the listeners detected a foreign accent from hearing the monosyllabic and disyllabic stimuli, but only some listeners did from hearing the vowel /ɑ/. Furthermore, the listeners detected a foreign accent more often from the stimuli having the coda segment. Lastly, d′ values for the stimuli having /l/ were lower than those for other stimuli. All these suggest that listeners may not need much information to detect a foreign accent, which, in turn, is closely related to L1 phonotactics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4808954
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress, duration, and intonation in Arabic word-level prosody
    Elsevier BV ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Phonetics Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1999-1), p. 3-22
    Details
    In: Journal of Phonetics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1999-1), p. 3-22
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-4470
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1006/jpho.1998.0088
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 2688
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469783-X
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress, lexical focus, and segmental focus in English: patterns of variation in vowel duration
    Elsevier BV ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Phonetics Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2004-10), p. 493-516
    Details
    In: Journal of Phonetics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2004-10), p. 493-516
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-4470
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2004.05.002
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 2688
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469783-X
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Confusion direction differences in second language production and perception.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 125, No. 4_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 2757-2757
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 125, No. 4_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 2757-2757
    Abstract: This study examines differences between confusions found in productions and perceptions of learners of English. Twenty Korean EFL learners engaged in three tasks involving obstruents placed in different prosodic positions: (a) identification of native English productions, (b) reading from orthographic prompts, and (c) mimicry of native English productions. Recordings of reading and mimicry were presented to 50 native English listeners for identification. This paper compares patterns of errors found for 10 intervocalic obstruents before and after a stress, since previous studies showed that Korean does not exhibit stress-induced differences in consonant allophones. Similarity estimates using Luce’s similarity choice model were regressed across the two intervocalic positions. We found robust correlations despite allophonic differences in English, suggesting a component of L1 transfer in all three tasks. Examining bias parameters, however, revealed systematic differences in the direction of the resulting errors, which is task-dependent. Identification and mimicry tended to underestimate allophonic shifts due to stress, and so to create more voiceless to voiced errors in poststress environments. Reading productions exhibited error directions in exactly the opposite directions, suggesting Korean learners produced the stress but not the corresponding allophonic variations. These patterns indicate very different error outcomes in production and perception.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4784638
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The perception of English coda obstruents by Mandarin and Korean second language learners
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2106-2106
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2106-2106
    Abstract: This study investigates the perception of English obstruents by learners whose native language is either Mandarin, which does not permit coda obstruents, or Korean, which neutralizes laryngeal and manner contrasts into voiceless stop codas. The stimuli are native productions of eight English obstruents /p b t d f v θ ð/ combined with the vowel /ɑ/ in different prosodic contexts. Forty-one Mandarin and 40 Korean speakers identified the consonant from the auditorily presented stimuli. The results show that the two groups do not differ in their accuracy in the onset position, indicating that they are comparable in their proficiency. However, the Mandarin speakers are more accurate in the coda position than the Koreans. When the fricatives and stops are analyzed separately, it shows that the two groups do not differ with fricatives, yet the Mandarin speakers are more accurate than the Koreans with stops. These findings suggest that having stop codas in their L1 does not necessarily facilitate Koreans’ acquisition of the L2 sounds. Despite their L1 differences, the two groups display very similar perceptual biases in their error patterns. However, not all of them can be explained by L1 transfer or universal markedness, suggesting other language-independent factors in L2 perception.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4899579
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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