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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21〈sup〉st〈/sup〉 Century (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274216
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as USD 18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Nicholls, Robert John Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8745
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    EUV Frankfurt
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global investment costs for coastal defense through the 21st century : beyond the gap : how countries can afford the infrastructure they need while protecting the planet : background paper (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Sustainable Development Practice Group, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1666254452
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8745
    Content: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as USD 18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Nicholls, Robert John Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8745
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    The doctrine of election in reformed perspective : historical and theological investigations of the Synod of Dort 1618-1619 (2019)
    Göttingen :Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_BV045377546
    Format: 258 Seiten.
    ISBN: 978-3-525-57070-8
    Series Statement: Refo500 academic studies (R5AS) volume 51
    Note: Beiträge teilweise deutsch, teilweise englisch
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-666-57070-4
    Language: English
    Subjects: Theology
    RVK:
    BP 7200
    Keywords: Dordrecht 1618-1619 ; Auserwählung ; Reformierte Theologie ; Konferenzschrift
    Author information: Pol, Frank van der, 1950-
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21〈sup〉st〈/sup〉 Century / (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9959028195302883
    Format: 1 online resource (64 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as USD 18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8745
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    FU Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21〈sup〉st〈/sup〉 Century / (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959028195302883
    Format: 1 online resource (64 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as USD 18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8745
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Charité
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century (2019)
    World Bank, Washington, DC
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1759629782
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper No. 8745
    Content: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as US$18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective
    Note: English
    Language: English
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Stabi Berlin
  • 7
    Book
    Book
    The doctrine of election in reformed perspective : historical and theological investigations of the Synod of Dordt 1618-1619 (2019)
    Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_102092652X
    Format: 258 Seiten , 24 cm
    ISBN: 9783525570708 , 3525570708
    Series Statement: Refo500 academic studies volume 51
    Note: "The essays [...] in this volume originated as lectures from an international conference held at the Johannes a Lasco Bibliothek Emden on Oct. 29.-30. 2014. The conference theme 'The Doctrine of Election in Reformed Perspective' was formulated by the combined research group Early Modern Reformed Theology (EMRT) of the Theological University Apeldoorn and the Theological University Kampen, the Netherlands." (Introduction, ungezählte Seite 7) , Literaturangaben , Beiträge überwiegend englisch, teilweise deutsch
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783647570709
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783666570704
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe The Doctrine of Election in Reformed Perspective (Veranstaltung : 2014 : Emden) The Doctrine of Election in Reformed Perspective Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019 ISBN 9783666570704
    Language: English
    Keywords: Dordrechter Synode Dordrecht 1618-1619 ; Reformierte Theologie ; Dordrechter Synode Dordrecht 1618-1619 ; Auserwählung ; Calvinistische Theologie ; Konferenzschrift
    URL: Klappentext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltstext
    Author information: Pol, Frank van der 1950-
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