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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (530)
  • 2020-2024  (530)
  • 1
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    Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol. 37 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37 ( 2020)
    Abstract: Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2–4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-3580 , 1448-6083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2020.39
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2560489-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079225-6
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
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    The MAGPI survey: Science goals, design, observing strategy, early results and theoretical framework
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol. 38 ( 2021)
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38 ( 2021)
    Abstract: We present an overview of the M iddle A ges G alaxy P roperties with I ntegral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey, a Large Program on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. MAGPI is designed to study the physical drivers of galaxy transformation at a lookback time of 3–4 Gyr, during which the dynamical, morphological, and chemical properties of galaxies are predicted to evolve significantly. The survey uses new medium-deep adaptive optics aided Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of fields selected from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, providing a wealth of publicly available ancillary multi-wavelength data. With these data, MAGPI will map the kinematic and chemical properties of stars and ionised gas for a sample of 60 massive ( ${〉}7 \times 10^{10} {\mathrm{M}}_\odot$ ) central galaxies at $0.25 〈 z 〈0.35$ in a representative range of environments (isolated, groups and clusters). The spatial resolution delivered by MUSE with Ground Layer Adaptive Optics ( $0.6-0.8$ arcsec FWHM) will facilitate a direct comparison with Integral Field Spectroscopy surveys of the nearby Universe, such as SAMI and MaNGA, and at higher redshifts using adaptive optics, for example, SINS. In addition to the primary (central) galaxy sample, MAGPI will deliver resolved and unresolved spectra for as many as 150 satellite galaxies at $0.25 〈 z 〈0.35$ , as well as hundreds of emission-line sources at $z 〈 6$ . This paper outlines the science goals, survey design, and observing strategy of MAGPI. We also present a first look at the MAGPI data, and the theoretical framework to which MAGPI data will be compared using the current generation of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations including EAGLE , Magneticum , HORIZON-AGN , and Illustris-TNG . Our results show that cosmological hydrodynamical simulations make discrepant predictions in the spatially resolved properties of galaxies at $z\approx 0.3$ . MAGPI observations will place new constraints and allow for tangible improvements in galaxy formation theory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-3580 , 1448-6083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2021.25
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2560489-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079225-6
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
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    Fermentation profile, microbial populations, taxonomic diversity and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages based on Cactus and Gliricidia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 158, No. 5 ( 2020-07), p. 396-405
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 158, No. 5 ( 2020-07), p. 396-405
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cactus ( Opuntia spp) levels in total mixed ration silages based on Cactus and Gliricidia ( Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud) on the fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and taxonomic diversity. The completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 4 factorial design with four replications, being four rations with different levels of Cactus (15, 30, 45, 60% based on the dry matter) and four opening periods (0, 15, 30 and 60 days of fermentation). An interaction effect ( P 〈 0.050) was observed among the diets and opening times for mould and yeast populations. An interaction effect for the levels of acetic acid was observed, where the diets 15, 30, 45 and 60% showed higher values at 60 days (0.44, 0.41, 0.35 and 0.40 g/kg DM, respectively). A significant difference was observed for the richness and diversity index (Chao1 and Shannon). The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and the genera Lactobacillus and Weissella. Cactus can be added in total mixed ration silages up to the level of 60% in a way that it positively affects the qualitative indicators of the silages, modulating the taxonomic communities and allowing the predominance of important groups for preservation of the ensiled mass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859620000805
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
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  • 4
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    Spatiotemporal trends of Chagas disease-related mortality in the Northeast of Brazil, 2007–2017
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 147, No. 13 ( 2020-11), p. 1552-1558
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 147, No. 13 ( 2020-11), p. 1552-1558
    Abstract: Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease and endemic in Brazil. In the Brazilian Northeast Region, it affects millions of people. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the spatiotemporal trends of CD mortality in the Northeast of Brazil. This ecological study was designed, in which the unit of analysis was the municipality of the Brazilian northeast. The data source was the Information System of Mortality. It was calculated relative risk from socioeconomic characteristics. Mortality rates were smoothed by the Local Empirical Bayes method. Spatial dependency was analysed by the Global and Local Moran Index. Scan spatial statistics were also used. A total of 11 287 deaths by CD were notified in the study. An expressive parcel of this number was observed among 70-year-olds or more ( n = 4381; 38.8%), no schooling ( n = 4381; 38.8%), mixed-race ( n = 4381; 62.3%), male ( n = 6875; 60.9%). It was observed positive spatial autocorrelation, mostly in municipalities of the state of Bahia, Piauí (with high-high clusters), and Maranhão (with low-low clusters). The spatial scan statistics has presented a risk of mortality in 24 purely spatial clusters ( P 〈 0.05). The study has identified the spatial pattern of CD mortality mostly in Bahia and Piauí, highlighting priority areas in planning and control strategies of the health services.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182020001419
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491287-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Spatial dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 149 ( 2021)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 149 ( 2021)
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyse the dynamics of spatial dispersion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil by correlating them to socioeconomic indicators. This is an ecological study of COVID-19 cases and deaths between 26 February and 31 July 2020. All Brazilian counties were used as units of analysis. The incidence, mortality, Bayesian incidence and mortality rates, global and local Moran indices were calculated. A geographic weighted regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between incidence and mortality due to COVID-19 and socioeconomic indicators (independent variables). There were confirmed 2 662 485 cases of COVID-19 reported in Brazil from February to July 2020 with higher rates of incidence in the north and northeast. The Moran global index of incidence rate (0.50, P = 0.01) and mortality (0.45 with P = 0.01) indicate a positive spatial autocorrelation with high standards in the north, northeast and in the largest urban centres between cities in the southeast region. In the same period, there were 92 475 deaths from COVID-19, with higher mortality rates in the northern states of Brazil, mainly Amazonas, Pará and Amapá. The results show that there is a geospatial correlation of COVID-19 in large urban centres and regions with the lowest human development index in the country. In the geographic weighted regression, it was possible to identify that the percentage of people living in residences with density higher than 2 per dormitory, the municipality human development index (MHDI) and the social vulnerability index were the indicators that most contributed to explaining incidence, social development index and the municipality human development index contributed the most to the mortality model. We hope that the findings will contribute to reorienting public health responses to combat COVID-19 in Brazil, the new epicentre of the disease in South America, as well as in other countries that have similar epidemiological and health characteristics to those in Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000479
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of sperm and hormonal assessments in Wagyu, Nellore, and Angus bulls
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Zygote Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2023-10), p. 507-516
    Details
    In: Zygote, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2023-10), p. 507-516
    Abstract: Wagyu bulls are known to have a highly exacerbated libido, as shown by the intense sexual interest of young calves. Therefore we believe that Wagyu male animals have specialized Sertoli and Leydig cells that are directly involved with the sexual precocity in this breed as mature bulls have a small scrotal circumference. This study aimed to evaluate whether there were differences in the hormone and sperm characteristics of Wagyu bulls compared with the same characteristics of subspecies Bos indicus and Bos taurus sires. Frozen–thawed semen from Wagyu, Nellore, and Angus sires were analyzed for sperm kinetics (computer-assisted sperm analysis), plasma membrane integrity, chromatin integrity, acrosome status, mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation and hormone [luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone] serum concentration. The results showed that Wagyu had lower total motility and an increased number of sperm with no motility when compared with Nellore and Angus bulls. Wagyu breed did not differ from those breeds when considering plasma and acrosome membranes integrity, mitochondrial potential, chromatin resistance, sperm lipid peroxidation or hormone (LH and testosterone) concentrations. We concluded that Wagyu sires had lower total motility when compared with Nellore and Angus bulls. Wagyu breed did not differ from these breeds when considering plasma and acrosome membranes integrity, mitochondrial potential, chromatin resistance, sperm lipid peroxidation, or hormone (LH and testosterone) concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-1994 , 1469-8730
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0967199423000278
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483381-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    The MAGPI survey: Drivers of kinematic asymmetries in the ionised gas of z ∼ 0.3 star-forming galaxies
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol. 40 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 40 ( 2023)
    Abstract: Galaxy gas kinematics are sensitive to the physical processes that contribute to a galaxy’s evolution. It is expected that external processes will cause more significant kinematic disturbances in the outer regions, while internal processes will cause more disturbances for the inner regions. Using a subsample of 47 galaxies ( $0.27 〈 z 〈 0.36$ ) from the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey, we conduct a study into the source of kinematic disturbances by measuring the asymmetry present in the ionised gas line-of-sight velocity maps at the $0.5R_e$ (inner regions) and $1.5R_e$ (outer regions) elliptical annuli. By comparing the inner and outer kinematic asymmetries, we aim to better understand what physical processes are driving the asymmetries in galaxies. We find the local environment plays a role in kinematic disturbance, in agreement with other integral field spectroscopy studies of the local universe, with most asymmetric systems being in close proximity to a more massive neighbour. We do not find evidence suggesting that hosting an Active Galactic Nucleus contributes to asymmetry within the inner regions, with some caveats due to emission line modelling. In contrast to previous studies, we do not find evidence that processes leading to asymmetry also enhance star formation in MAGPI galaxies. Finally, we find a weak anti-correlation between stellar mass and asymmetry (i.e., high stellar mass galaxies are less asymmetric). We conclude by discussing possible sources driving the asymmetry in the ionised gas, such as disturbances being present in the colder gas phase (either molecular or atomic) prior to the gas being ionised, and non-axisymmetric features (e.g., a bar) being present in the galactic disk. Our results highlight the complex interplay between ionised gas kinematic disturbances and physical processes involved in galaxy evolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-3580 , 1448-6083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2023.58
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2560489-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079225-6
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 8
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    High repetition rate exploration of the Biermann battery effect in laser produced plasmas over large spatial regions
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  High Power Laser Science and Engineering Vol. 10 ( 2022)
    Details
    In: High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 10 ( 2022)
    Abstract: In this paper we present a high repetition rate experimental platform for examining the spatial structure and evolution of Biermann-generated magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas. We have extended the work of prior experiments, which spanned over millimeter scales, by spatially measuring magnetic fields in multiple planes on centimeter scales over thousands of laser shots. Measurements with magnetic flux probes show azimuthally symmetric magnetic fields that range from 60 G at 0.7 cm from the target to 7 G at 4.2 cm from the target. The expansion rate of the magnetic fields and evolution of current density structures are also mapped and examined. Electron temperature and density of the laser-produced plasma are measured with optical Thomson scattering and used to directly calculate a magnetic Reynolds number of $1.4\times {10}^4$ , confirming that magnetic advection is dominant at $\ge 1.5$ cm from the target surface. The results are compared to FLASH simulations, which show qualitative agreement with the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2095-4719 , 2052-3289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/hpl.2022.2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2723155-0
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  • 9
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    Scaling behaviour in spherical shell rotating convection with fixed-flux thermal boundary conditions
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 889 ( 2020-04-25)
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 889 ( 2020-04-25)
    Abstract: Bottom-heated convection in rotating spherical shells provides a simple analogue for many astrophysical and geophysical fluid systems. We construct a database of 74 three-dimensional numerical convection models to investigate the scaling behaviour of seven diagnostics over a range of Ekman $(10^{-6}\leqslant E\leqslant 10^{-3})$ and Rayleigh $(15\leqslant \widetilde{Ra}\leqslant 18\,000)$ numbers while using a Prandtl number of unity. Our configuration is chosen to model Earth’s core as defined by the fixed flux thermal boundary conditions, radius ratio $r_{i}/r_{o}$ of $0.35$ and a gravity profile that varies linearly with radius. The quantities of interest are the viscous and thermal boundary layer thickness, mean temperature gradient, mean interior temperature, Nusselt number, horizontal flow length scale, and Reynolds number. We find four parameter regimes characterised by different scaling behaviour. For $E\leqslant 10^{-4}$ and low $Ra$ the weakly nonlinear regime is characterised by a balance between viscous, Archimedean and Coriolis forces and the heat transfer is described by weakly nonlinear theory. At low $E$ and moderate $Ra$ , the rapidly rotating regime sees inertia take over from viscosity in the global force balance. In this regime the heat transfer scaling has increasing exponent with decreasing Ekman number and shows no saturation to the diffusion free $Ra^{3/2}E^{2}$ scaling. At high $Ra$ and all $E$ the importance of the Coriolis force gradually decreases and all diagnostics continually change in the transitional regime before approaching the scaling behaviour of non-rotating convection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2020.67
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 10
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    Mortality and survival of COVID-19
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 148 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 148 ( 2020)
    Abstract: This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and survival of COVID-19 cases in a state of the Brazilian Northeast. It is a historical cohort with a secondary database of 2070 people that presented flu-like symptoms, sought health assistance in the state and tested positive to COVID-19 until 14 April 2020, only moderate and severe cases were hospitalised. The main outcome was death as a binary variable (yes/no). It also investigated the main factors related to mortality and survival of the disease. Time since the beginning of symptoms until death/end of the survey (14 April 2020) was the time variable of this study. Mortality was analysed by robust Poisson regression, and survival by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. From the 2070 people that tested positive to COVID-19, 131 (6.3%) died and 1939 (93.7%) survived, the overall survival probability was 87.7% from the 24th day of infection. Mortality was enhanced by the variables: elderly (HR 3.6; 95% CI 2.3–5.8; P 〈 0.001), neurological diseases (HR 3.9; 95% CI 1.9–7.8; P 〈 0.001), pneumopathies (HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.4–4.7; P 〈 0.001) and cardiovascular diseases (HR 8.9; 95% CI 5.4–14.5; P 〈 0.001). In conclusion, mortality by COVID-19 in Ceará is similar to countries with a large number of cases of the disease, although deaths occur later. Elderly people and comorbidities presented a greater risk of death.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268820001405
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
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