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  • MDPI AG  (24)
  • 2020-2024  (24)
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  • MDPI AG  (24)
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  • 2020-2024  (24)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Validation through Experiment and Simulation of Internal Charging–Discharging Characteristics of Polyimide under High-Energy Electron Radiation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 6603-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 6603-
    Abstract: Due to the injection of energetic particles, such as electrons in space environment, the internal charging–discharging characteristics of spacecraft dielectrics need to be evaluated for the safety of spacecraft, and the evaluation results from experiments and simulations should be comparatively validated. An in-site pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) measurement system under high-energy electron radiation was established for evaluating the charging characteristics of thick plate samples about 3 mm, while a joint simulation method based on Geant4 and COMSOL was also proposed. The deposited charge distributions were compared through experiment and joint simulation method under 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 MeV for 30 min and 1.0 MeV for 10, 60 and 120 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the electrostatic discharging characteristics were also comparative evaluated by both methods under 0.3 MeV for 20 min under 5, 10 and 15 µA beam current, and the total discharging times and initial discharging time were compared and analyzed. Overall, a good consistency existed between experimental and simulation results of charging–discharging characteristics under electron radiation while the difference was also analyzed in the perspective of dielectric properties, such as charge leakage by conduction. Through the comparative study, both evaluation methods are validated, which offers effective reference for the safety evaluation of spacecraft dielectrics in future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15186603
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Primary Application of a Questionnaire to Assess Intentions to Eat Low-Glycemic Index Foods among Rural Chinese Women
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 20 ( 2020-10-18), p. 7577-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 20 ( 2020-10-18), p. 7577-
    Abstract: Different lines of evidence indicate that knowledge of low-glycemic index (GI) foods and the practice of eating them play important roles in blood glucose management and preventing T2DM in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). According to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), intention is a critical factor in complying with health-related behaviors. However, an instrument for assessing the intention to eat low-GI foods is lacking in China. We aimed to (1) adapt and validate a Chinese version of the intentions to eat low-GI foods questionnaire (CIELQ) and (2) apply the CIELQ among rural Chinese women to explore the associations between CIELQ scores and glycemic status. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 417 nondiabetic, nonpregnant participants with a history of GDM in Hunan, China. After cultural adaptation and validation, the CIELQ was applied in a target population. Glycemic status, anthropometric variables, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured; a self-developed, standard questionnaire was applied to collect relevant information. The CIELQ showed good internal consistency; model fitness was acceptable based on the confirmatory factor analysis results. Awareness of the glycemic index was low among the study population. TPB factors were found to be associated with each other; education level and parents’ diabetes history were associated with specific factors. The score for instrumental attitude showed a positive association with the risk for a high level of the 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (odds ratio, OR = 1.330), while the score for perceived behavior control (PBC) showed a negative association with the risk for a high level (OR = 0.793). The CIELQ was determined to be a valid instrument for assessing the intention to eat a low-GI diet among the study population. The awareness of the GI was poor among the study population. The score for instrumental attitude showed a positive association with the risk of a high level on the 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the score for PBC showed a negative association with the risk for a high level on OGTT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207577
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Identification and Antifungal Properties of Four Thaumatin-like Proteins in Spruce (Picea likiangensis)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2021-09-17), p. 1268-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2021-09-17), p. 1268-
    Abstract: Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are involved in the plant defense response against pathogens, and most of them exhibit antifungal activity. However, the role of TLPs in pathogen-induced defense responses in spruce is not fully understood. In this study, four TLP genes encoding thaumatin-like protein, designated as PlTLP1–4, were isolated and identified from Picea likiangensis needles. Sequence analysis showed that PlTLP1, PlTLP3, and PlTLP4 contained 16 conserved cysteine residues, while PlTLP2 had only 10 conserved cysteine residues. qPCR analysis showed that PlTLPs were expressed in all tissues tested, PlTLP1, PlTLP3, and PlTLP4 had the highest expression levels in young fruits, while PlTLP2 had the highest expression levels in roots. In addition, the expression levels of four PlTLPs were significantly upregulated during infection by Lophodermium piceae. Four recombinant PlTLPs expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited obvious β-1,3-glucanase activity. The antifungal activity assay showed that four recombinant PlTLPs had significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of L. piceae, Fusarium proliferatum, Botrytis cinerea, and Roussoella doimaesalongensis. Microscopic observation revealed that the recombinant PlTLP1–4 induced the morphological changes of the mycelia of L. piceae, and the recombinant PlTLP2 and PlTLP3 induced the morphological changes of the mycelia of F. proliferatum and R. doimaesalongensis, while all the recombinant PlTLPs had no obvious negative effect on the morphology of B. cinerea mycelium. These results suggest that PlTLP genes may play an important role in the defense response of P. likiangensis against L. piceae invasion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12091268
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for the Visual Detection of Peroxynitrite in Living Cells and Zebrafish
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-29), p. 4858-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-29), p. 4858-
    Abstract: Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), as an important reactive oxygen species (ROS), holds great potential to react with a variety of biologically active substances, leading to the occurrence of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we developed a novel mitochondria-localized fluorescent probe, HDBT-ONOO−, which was designed as a mitochondria-targeting two-photon fluorescence probe based on 1,8-naphthylimide fluorophore and the reactive group of 4-(bromomethyl)-benzene boronic acid pinacol ester. More importantly, the probe exhibited good biocompatibility, sensitivity, and selectivity, enabling its successful application in imaging the generation of intracellular and extracellular ONOO−. Furthermore, exogenous and endogenous ONOO− products in live zebrafish were visualized. It is greatly expected that the designed probe can serve as a useful imaging tool for clarifying the distribution and pathophysiological functions of ONOO− in cells and zebrafish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154858
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship between Restrained Eating, Body Image, and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-19), p. 990-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-19), p. 990-
    Abstract: This study aims to explore the association between restrained eating, body image, and dietary intake among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study included 1301 college students at two universities in Hunan Province. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information including students’ demographic characteristics, restrained eating, perception of body weight, body satisfaction, and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of high restrained eating was 52.8%. Students who were dissatisfied with their bodies or overestimated their body weight showed a higher tendency toward high restrained eating (p 〈 0.05). Students with high restrained eating tended to eat fruits and eggs more frequently, while the frequency of eating domestic animals and poultry, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food were the opposite. Moreover, high restrained eating was a risk factor for low dietary diversity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.384, 95% confidence interval: 1.002~1.912). The high incidence of restrained eating among Chinese college students and its energy-restricted diets that may lead to possible health implications require attention. Further studies are needed to investigate the characteristics of college students’ restrained eating to tailor appropriate interventions for forming positive body images and promoting healthy eating behaviors, thus, improving dietary quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13030990
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydration and Properties of Cement in the Belite-Ye′elimite-Ternesite System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2022-04-11), p. 2792-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2022-04-11), p. 2792-
    Abstract: Energy consumption and carbon emissions are lower in the production of belite-ye′elimite-ternesite (C2S-C4A3$-C5S2$, BYT) clinker than Portland cement (PC) clinker. BYT cement can combine the early strength of CSA cements and the durability of belite cements. X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, isothermal conduction calorimetry and scanning electron microscope were conducted to investigate the hydration process of BYT cement. The hydration products of BYT cement include mainly ettringite, strätlingite and some amorphous AH3 (aluminum hydroxide). Ternesite did prove an early reactivity in BYT cement. The reaction of ternesite with AH3 occurs on the surface of ternesite. Ternesite delays the second heat flow peak of ye′elimite. The strength of BYT cement containing 10% ternesite in the prepared clinker exceeds that of other cement at all ages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15082792
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Classification of Imbalanced Travel Mode Choice to Work Data Using Adjustable SVM Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2021-12-15), p. 11916-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2021-12-15), p. 11916-
    Abstract: The investigation of travel mode choice is an essential task in transport planning and policymaking for predicting travel demands. Typically, mode choice datasets are imbalanced and learning from such datasets is challenging. This study deals with imbalanced mode choice data by developing an algorithm (SVMAK) based on a support vector machine model and the theory of adjusting kernel scaling. The kernel function’s choice was evaluated by applying the likelihood-ratio chi-square and weighting measures. The empirical assessment was performed on the 2017 National Household Travel Survey–California dataset. The performance of the SVMAK model was compared with several other models, including neural networks, XGBoost, Bayesian Network, standard support vector machine model, and some SVM-based models that were previously developed to handle the imbalanced datasets. The SVMAK model outperformed these models, and in some cases improved the accuracy of the minority class classification. For the majority class, the accuracy improvement was substantial. This algorithm can be applied to other tasks in the transport planning domain that deal with uneven data distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112411916
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Emotional Eating, Depressive Symptoms and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-05-29), p. 1595-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-05-29), p. 1595-
    Abstract: This study aims to explore associations between emotional eating, depression and laryngopharyngeal reflux among college students in Hunan Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1301 students at two universities in Hunan. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information about the students’ emotional eating, depressive symptoms, laryngopharyngeal reflux and sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were collected to obtain body mass index (BMI). Results: High emotional eating was reported by 52.7% of students. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.6% and that of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms 8.1%. Both emotional eating and depressive symptoms were associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (AOR = 3.822, 95% CI 2.126–6.871 vs. AOR = 4.093, 95% CI 2.516–6.661). Conclusion: The prevalence of emotional eating and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students should be pay more attention in the future. Emotional eating and depressive symptoms were positively associated with laryngopharyngeal symptoms. The characteristics of emotional eating require further study so that effective interventions to promote laryngopharyngeal health among college students may be formulated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12061595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Interval Programming Method and Its Application in Power System Optimization Considering Uncertainties in Load Demands and Renewable Power Generation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 20 ( 2022-10-13), p. 7565-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 20 ( 2022-10-13), p. 7565-
    Abstract: This paper expresses the output power of renewable generators and load demand as interval data and develops the interval economic dispatch (IED), as well as interval reactive power optimization (IRPO) models. The two models are generalized into a specific type of linear interval programming (LIP) and nonlinear interval programming (NLIP), respectively. A security limits method (SLM) is proposed to solve LIP and NLIP problems. As for the LIP, the maximum radii of the interval variables are first calculated by the optimizing-scenarios method (OSM) for defining security limits, and the LIP is transformed into deterministic linear programming (LP), for which its constraints are the security limits, which can be solved by the simplex method. As for the NLIP, Monte Carlo simulations were used to obtain the maximum radii of the interval variables, and the average interval ratio of the interval variables is defined to compute the security limits for transforming the NLIP to deterministic nonlinear programming (NLP), which can be solved by using the interior point method. Finally, the IED and IRPO are used to verify the effectiveness and engineering of the proposed SLM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15207565
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plastidial Phosphoglucomutase (pPGM) Overexpression Increases the Starch Content of Transgenic Sweet Potato Storage Roots
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 2234-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 2234-
    Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), an important root crop, has storage roots rich in starch that are edible and serve as a raw material in bioenergy production. Increasing the storage-root starch contents is a key sweet potato breeding goal. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is the catalytic enzyme for the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, precursors in the plant starch synthetic pathway. Plant PGMs have plastidial and cytosolic isoforms, based on their subcellular localization. Here, IbpPGM, containing 22 exons and 21 introns, was cloned from the sweet potato line Xu 781. This gene was highly expressed in the storage roots and leaves, and its expression was induced by exogenous sucrose treatments. The mature IbpPGM protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli when a 73-aa chloroplastic transit peptide detected in the N-terminus was excised. The subcellular localization confirmed that IbpPGM was localized to the chloroplasts. The low-starch sweet potato cultivar Lizixiang IbpPGM-overexpression lines showed significantly increased starch, glucose, and fructose levels but a decreased sucrose level. Additionally, the expression levels of the starch synthetic pathway genes in the storage roots were up-regulated to different extents. Thus, IbpPGM significantly increased the starch content of the sweet potato storage roots, which makes it a candidate gene for the genetic engineering of the sweet potato.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13122234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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