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  • 1
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    Phytophthora RxLR effector PcSnel4B promotes degradation of resistance protein AtRPS2
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 193, No. 2 ( 2023-09-22), p. 1547-1560
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 193, No. 2 ( 2023-09-22), p. 1547-1560
    Abstract: Phytophthora capsici deploys effector proteins to manipulate host immunity and facilitate its colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that a Sne-like (Snel) RxLR effector gene PcSnel4 is highly expressed at the early stages of P. capsici infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Knocking out both alleles of PcSnel4 attenuated the virulence of P. capsici, while expression of PcSnel4 promoted its colonization in N. benthamiana. PcSnel4B could suppress the hypersensitive reaction (HR) induced by Avr3a-R3a and RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 2 (AtRPS2), but it did not suppress cell death elicited by Phytophthora infestin 1 (INF1) and Crinkler 4 (CRN4). COP9 signalosome 5 (CSN5) in N. benthamiana was identified as a host target of PcSnel4. Silencing NbCSN5 compromised the cell death induced by AtRPS2. PcSnel4B impaired the interaction and colocalization of Cullin1 (CUL1) and CSN5 in vivo. Expression of AtCUL1 promoted the degradation of AtRPS2 and disrupted HR, while AtCSN5a stabilized AtRPS2 and promoted HR, regardless of the expression of AtCUL1. PcSnel4 counteracted the effect of AtCSN5 and enhanced the degradation of AtRPS2, resulting in HR suppression. This study deciphered the underlying mechanism of PcSnel4-mediated suppression of HR induced by AtRPS2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0889 , 1532-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad404
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Guvermectin, a novel plant growth regulator, can promote the growth and high temperature tolerance of maize
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-14)
    Abstract: Guvermectin is a recently discovered microbial N9-glucoside cytokinin compound extracted from Streptomyces sanjiangensis NEAU6. Although some research has reported that N9-glucoside cytokinin compounds do not have the activity of cytokinin, it has been noted that guvermectin can promote growth and antifungal activity in Arabidopsis . Maize is an important food crop in the world and exploring the effect of guvermectin on this crop could help its cultivation in regions with adverse environmental conditions such as a high temperature. Here, we investigated the effects of guvermectin seed soaking treatment on the growth of maize at the seedlings stage and its yield attributes with different temperature stresses. The maize (cv. Zhengdan 958) with guvermectin seed soaking treatment were in two systems: paper roll culture and field conditions. Guvermectin seed soaking treated plants had increased plant height, root length, and mesocotyl length at the seedlings stage, and spike weight at maturity in the field. But only root length was increased at the paper roll culture by guvermectin seed soaking treatment. Guvermectin seed soaking treatment reduced the adverse effects on maize seedling when grow at a high temperature. Further experiments showed that, in high temperature conditions, guvermectin treatment promoted the accumulation of heat shock protein (HSP) 17.0, HSP 17.4 and HSP 17.9 in maize roots. Comparative transcriptomic profiling showed there were 33 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in guvermectin treated plants under high temperature and room temperature conditions. The DEGs suggested that guvermectin treatment led to the differential modulation of several transcripts mainly related with plant defense, stress response, and terpenoid biosynthesis. Taken together, these results suggested that the guvermectin treatment promoted the growth and tolerance of high temperature stresses, possibly by activation of related pathways. These results show that guvermectin is a novel plant growth regulator and could be developed as an application to maize seeds to promote growth in high temperature environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025634
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 3
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    Bioactivity of the Novel Fungicide SYP-14288 Against Plant Pathogens and the Study of its Mode of Action Based on Untargeted Metabolomics
    Scientific Societies ; 2020
    In:  Plant Disease Vol. 104, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 2086-2094
    Details
    In: Plant Disease, Scientific Societies, Vol. 104, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 2086-2094
    Abstract: Plant disease is a major threat to crop production, and fungicide application is one of the most effective methods to control plant disease. With emerging issues related to toxic residues and pathogen resistance, new fungicides with novel modes of action are urgently needed. SYP-14288 is a novel fungicide that could efficiently promote respiration and inhibit ATP biosynthesis in target organisms, but its bioactivity against various plant pathogens and exact mode of action are still unknown. In this study, we found that SYP-14288 is highly effective against 31 important plant pathogens belonging to a range of taxonomic groups. In addition, SYP-14288 has demonstrated excellent activity against all life stages of the important fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and is especially effective during the pathogen’s high energy consumption stages. SYP-14288 showed good preventative control efficacy against pepper blight and rice blast in the greenhouse and field, respectively. In an untargeted metabolomics assay designed to determine the exact mode of action of SYP-14288, significant changes occurred in 25 metabolites, with the accumulation of seven fatty acid metabolites and a decrease in 18 starch and sugar metabolites (e.g., from the tricarboxylic acid cycle). This suggests that SYP-14288 is an uncoupling agent similar to 2,4-dinitrophenol, which can allow for accumulation of various fatty acids after destroying oxidative phosphorylation coupling, thereby inhibiting the growth of the phytopathogen. These results indicate that the novel uncoupler SYP-14288 is a promising agrochemical in plant disease management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0191-2917 , 1943-7692
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-20-0142-RE
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042679-3
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  • 4
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    Characterization of Fusarium species causing soybean root rot in Heilongjiang, China, and mechanism underlying the differences in sensitivity to DMI fungicides
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Vol. 200 ( 2024-03), p. 105828-
    Details
    In: Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 200 ( 2024-03), p. 105828-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105828
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471454-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    A single region of the Phytophthora infestans avirulence effector Avr3b functions in both cell death induction and plant immunity suppression
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Molecular Plant Pathology Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 317-330
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant Pathology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 317-330
    Abstract: As a destructive plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans secretes diverse host‐entering RxLR effectors to facilitate infection. One critical RxLR effector, PiAvr3b, not only induces effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), which is associated with the potato resistance protein StR3b, but also suppresses pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI). To date, the molecular basis underlying such dual activities remains unknown. Based on phylogenetic analysis of global P. infestans isolates, we found two PiAvr3b isoforms that differ by three amino acids. Despite this sequence variation, the two isoforms retain the same properties in activating the StR3b‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) and inhibiting necrosis induced by three PAMPs (PiNpp, PiINF1, and PsXeg1) and an RxLR effector (Pi10232). Using a combined mutagenesis approach, we found that the dual activities of PiAvr3b were tightly linked and determined by 88 amino acids at the C‐terminus. We further determined that either the W60 or the E134 residue of PiAvr3b was essential for triggering StR3b‐associated HR and inhibiting PiNpp‐ and Pi10232‐associated necrosis, while the S99 residue partially contributed to PTI suppression. Additionally, nuclear localization of PiAvr3b was required to stimulate HR and suppress PTI, but not to inhibit Pi10232‐associated cell death. Our study revealed that PiAvr3b suppresses the plant immune response at different subcellular locations and provides an example in which a single amino acid of an RxLR effector links ETI induction and cell death suppression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-6722 , 1364-3703
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mpp.v24.4
    DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13298
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020755-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Resistant risk and resistance‐related point mutation in SdhC 1 of pydiflumetofen in Fusarium pseudograminearum
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Pest Management Science
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley
    Abstract: Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the dominant pathogens of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) worldwide. Unfortunately, no fungicides have yet been registered for the control of FCR in wheat in China. Pydiflumetofen, a new‐generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity to Fusarium spp. A resistance risk assessment of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen and the resistance mechanism involved have not yet been investigated. RESULTS The median effective concentration (EC 50 ) value of 103  F. pseudograminearum isolates to pydiflumetofen was 0.0162 μg mL −1 , and the sensitivity exhibited a unimodal distribution. Four resistant mutants were generated by fungicide adaption, which possessed similar or impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates based on the results of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidium germination rate, and virulence determination. Pydiflumetofen showed strong positive cross‐resistance with cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram but no cross‐resistance with carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Sequence alignment revealed that pydiflumetofen‐resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants had two single‐point mutations of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC 1 . Molecular docking further confirmed that point mutation of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC 1 could confer resistance of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen. CONCLUSION Fusarium pseudograminearum shows an overall moderate risk of developing resistance to pydiflumetofen, and point mutation FpSdhC 1 A83V or FpSdhC 1 R86K could confer pydiflumetofen resistance in F. pseudograminearum . This study provided vital data for monitoring the emergence of resistance and developing resistance management strategies for pydiflumetofen. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.7616
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Resistance assessment for SYP‐14288 in Phytophthora capsici and changes in mitochondria electric potential‐associated respiration and ATP production confers resistance
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 2525-2536
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 2525-2536
    Abstract: Phytophthora capsici is a destructive plant oomycete pathogen that could lead to devastating losses in food production. Fungicide application is the main way to control plant disease caused by P. capsici . SYP‐14288, a novel fungicide with a unique mode of action, could be used to control a broad range of plant diseases. Here, the potential for SYP‐14288 resistance in P. capsici and the resistance mechanism involved were evaluated. RESULTS Baseline sensitivities of 133 isolates to SYP‐14288 were determined and found to conform to a unimodal curve with a mean half‐maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 0.625 μg mL −1 . In total, 21 stable SYP‐14288‐resistant mutants were generated by fungicide adaptation in three sensitive isolates. The fitness of all the mutants was found to be lower than that of the parental isolates. Otherwise, downregulation of various ATPases may confer different resistance levels in P. capsici . Finally, multiple biochemical studies strongly suggest that both ATP content and electric potential were reduced in SYP‐14288‐resistant mutants, and as a compensatory mechanism, respiration was facilitated to make up for the energy defect in mutants. CONCLUSION The low fitness of SYP‐14288‐resistant mutants suggests that the resistance risk of P. capsici to SYP‐14288 is low. Resistance may be led by a permeability change in the mitochondrial inner membrane in SYP‐14288‐resistant isolates, and lower ATP consumption lifestyles may be key to the SYP‐14288 resistance generated in P. capsici . The current study could benefit the registration and application of the novel fungicide SYP‐14288. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v76.7
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.5795
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Resistance to pydiflumetofen in Botrytis cinerea : risk assessment and detection of point mutations in sdh genes that confer resistance
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1448-1456
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1448-1456
    Abstract: Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. is one of the most significant airborne diseases. It can infest a wide range of crops, causing significant losses in yield and quality worldwide. Pydiflumetofen, a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being registered in China to control gray mold in a variety of crops. The baseline sensitivity, resistance risk, and resistance mechanism of Botrytis cinerea to pydiflumetofen were assessed in this study. RESULTS A total of 138 strains of B. cinerea from 10 different regions were tested for their sensitivity to pydiflumetofen, and the mean EC 50 value was 0.0056 μg mL −1 . Eight mutants were obtained by fungicide adaption from five sensitive parental isolates, and the resistance factor (RF) ranged from 51 to 135. The mutants exhibited strong adaptive traits in conidial production, conidial germination, and pathogenicity. Positive cross‐resistance was only observed between other SDHIs (i.e. boscalid, fluopyram, and isopyrazam). Two different types of pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants were identified: point mutation P225L in sdhB and double mutation G85A and I93V in sdhC. The in vivo control efficacy of pydiflumetofen on the resistant mutants carrying P225L in sdhB as well as G85A and I93V in sdhC was significantly decreased to 52.62% and 32.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION The fitness was significantly higher for all pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants than the corresponding parental. Two types of point mutations, sdhB‐P225L and sdhC‐G85A and I93V, might confer resistance to pydiflumetofen in B. cinerea . A precautionary resistance management strategy should be implemented. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v78.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.6762
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Uncoupler SYP ‐14288 inducing multidrug resistance of Phytophthora capsici through overexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and P‐glycoprotein
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 78, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 2240-2249
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 2240-2249
    Abstract: Fungicide resistance has become a serious problem for different mode of action groups except for uncouplers, which makes their resistance mechanism a hot topic, which until now, has not been well clarified. SYP‐14288, a newly developed diarylamine fungicide modeled on fluazinam, has shown good toxicity to both oomycete and fungus by the action of uncoupling. In this research, the resistance of Phytophthora capsici to SYP‐14288 was studied to clarify the resistance mechanism of uncouplers. RESULTS The toxicity tests of resistant strains against SYP‐14288 showed multidrug resistance. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that resistant strains could efflux the fungicide, and this ability could be inhibited by the efflux pump inhibitor amitriptyline. The target protein of amitriptyline is P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), which was overexpressed in resistant strains. Three products of nitrate reduction of SYP‐14288 were detected and determined by HPLC‐Q‐TOF. Eight cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) proteins were differentially involved in the reduction reaction. CONCLUSION Both fungicide efflux and detoxification metabolism were involved in the resistance mechanisms of P. capsici to SYP‐14288. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v78.6
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.6845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Analysis of resistance risk and resistance‐related point mutations in Cyt b of QioI fungicide ametoctradin in Phytophthora litchii
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 78, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 2921-2930
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 2921-2930
    Abstract: Litchi downy blight, caused by Phytophthora litchii , is one of the most important diseases of litchi. Ametoctradin, as the only QioI (quinone inside and outside inhibitor) fungicide, has been registered in China in 2019. However, the ametoctradin‐resistance risk and molecular basis in Phytophthora litchii have not been reported. RESULTS In this study, the sensitivity profile of 144 Phytophthora litchii strains to ametoctradin was determined, with a mean median effective concentration (EC 50 ) value of 0.1706 ± 0.091 μg mL −1 . Nine stable resistant Phytophthora litchii mutants [resistance factor (RF)  〉  400] were derived from sensitive isolates using fungicide adaption. The compound fitness index of three resistant‐mutants (HN10‐1‐1, HN10‐1‐2 and HN10‐2‐1) was similar or higher than that of their parental isolates in vitro . All these ametoctradin‐resistant mutants were sensitive to metalaxyl, dimethomorph, oxathiapiprolin and cyazofamid. Two point mutations, leading to the S33L and D228N changes in PlCyt b (cytochrome b ) were found in ametoctradin‐resistant mutants. Eight ametoctradin‐resistant mutants containing S33L showed increased sensitivity to azoxystrobin and amisulbrom, and one mutant containing D228N exhibited increased sensitivity to cyazofamid. In vitro enzyme activity test showed that ametoctradin could not inhibit the activity of cytochrome bc1 complex with S33L and D228N point mutation. AS‐PCR primers were designed based on the S33L change to detect the ametoctradin‐resistant strains in the future. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Phytophthora litchii has a medium to high resistance risk to ametoctradin in the laboratory. Two changes, S33L and D228N, in PlCyt b are likely to be associated with the observed ametoctradin resistance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v78.7
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.6916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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