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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serum Levels of Incretin Hormones – GLP-1 and GIP in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2019
    In:  Folia Medica Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2019-03-01), p. 76-83
    Details
    In: Folia Medica, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2019-03-01), p. 76-83
    Abstract: Background: The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose- dependent Insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are natural incretin hormones, which are secreted respectively by the L- and K-cells of the intestinal mucosa in response to the physiological gastrointestinal glucose absorption. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the incretin effect is reduced, whereas the results in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are heterogeneous, in some patients normal incretin response is observed. Aim: Comparative analysis of the basal serum levels of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP in patients with type 1 DM and in individuals without carbohydrate disorders. Materials and methods: The study included 27 patients with diagnosed T1DM and a control group of 39 individuals without carbohydrate disorders. All participants in the study were subjected to the following clinical measurements and laboratory tests – height, weight, bioimpedance analysis of body composition, fasting blood sugar (BS 0’), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in T1DM patients, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL chol), triglycerides (TG), transaminase (AST and ALT), basal serum levels of GLP-1 and GIP. Results: The serum levels of GIP in the patients with type T1DM were significantly higher, compared to the individuals without carbohydrate disorders (P 〈 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the GLP-1 levels. Conclusion: The significantly higher GIP levels and the similar GLP-1 levels in our patients with type 1 DM, compared to the individuals without carbohydrate disorders, support the hypothesis of intact incretin effect in this type of diabetes mellitus Key Words: Glucagon-like peptide-1, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1314-2143
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/folmed-2018-0056
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2593223-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of methodologies for the extraction of snakes’ (Reptilia: Serpentes) skin secretions and preliminary results on the presence of pheromones
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2019
    In:  ARPHA Conference Abstracts Vol. 2 ( 2019-09-11)
    Details
    In: ARPHA Conference Abstracts, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 2 ( 2019-09-11)
    Abstract: During this preliminary study, 26 specimens from 8 different snake species were examined. Three methodologies for extraction of skin secretions by immersion of skin in n-hexane were used: immersing the whole body of live individuals for approximately 1 min in the field (n = 13), immersing the whole body of dead specimens (found freshly killed on road) for 24 h (n = 4), and soaking a shed skin for 24 h (n = 9). immersing the whole body of live individuals for approximately 1 min in the field (n = 13), immersing the whole body of dead specimens (found freshly killed on road) for 24 h (n = 4), and soaking a shed skin for 24 h (n = 9). We did not immerse the head and tail to avoid contamination of the samples. All samples were collected during snakes’ active period (February – first half of June) and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/qMS). Based on the prevalence in the fraction of long-chained hydrocarbons, lipids or lipids with ketones we can separate the samples in three categories. The lipid fractions were present mainly in the shed skin samples, while the long-chained hydrocarbons dominated in the live specimens. According to the literature, ketones are the main component of the snakes’ pheromone communication. We found ketones in five samples, three live and two dead specimens, from five different species ( Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758), V. berus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dolichophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789), Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) , and Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831)). No ketones were found in the shed skin extracts. Ketones were found only in adults, both males and females. Presence of ketones was observed only for the period from the end of May to the beginning of June. Based on the preliminary results, we can suggest that secretion extraction from live specimens in the field could prove a valuable method in studies on snake pheromones in addition to the already developed methodologies. We speculate that the pheromones are present only in the reproductive and probably post-reproductive period. However, further research with larger sample size is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2603-3925
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3897/aca.2.e46456
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2019
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