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  • 2015-2019  (10)
  • General works  (10)
  • AX 30011  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2017
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 375, No. 2104 ( 2017-10-13), p. 20150402-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 375, No. 2104 ( 2017-10-13), p. 20150402-
    Abstract: In one sense, formal specification and verification have been highly successful: techniques have been developed in pioneering academic research, transferred to software companies through training and partnerships, and successfully deployed in systems with national significance. Altran UK has been in the vanguard of this movement. This paper summarizes some of our key deployments of formal techniques over the past 20 years, including both security- and safety-critical systems. The impact of formal techniques, however, remains within an industrial niche, and while government and suppliers across industry search for solutions to the problems of poor-quality software, the wider software industry remains resistant to adoption of this proven solution. We conclude by reflecting on some of the challenges we face as a community in ensuring that formal techniques achieve their true potential impact on society. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Verified trustworthy software systems’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2018
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 376, No. 2121 ( 2018-06-13), p. 20170301-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 2121 ( 2018-06-13), p. 20170301-
    Abstract: Systemic climate risks, which result from the potential for cascading impacts through inter-related systems, pose particular challenges to risk assessment, especially when risks are transmitted across sectors and international boundaries. Most impacts of climate variability and change affect regions and jurisdictions in complex ways, and techniques for assessing this transmission of risk are still somewhat limited. Here, we begin to define new approaches to risk assessment that can account for transboundary and trans-sector risk transmission, by presenting: (i) a typology of risk transmission that distinguishes clearly the role of climate versus the role of the social and economic systems that distribute resources; (ii) a review of existing modelling, qualitative and systems-based methods of assessing risk and risk transmission; and (iii) case studies that examine risk transmission in human displacement, food, water and energy security. The case studies show that policies and institutions can attenuate risks significantly through cooperation that can be mutually beneficial to all parties. We conclude with some suggestions for assessment of complex risk transmission mechanisms: use of expert judgement; interactive scenario building; global systems science and big data; innovative use of climate and integrated assessment models; and methods to understand societal responses to climate risk. These approaches aim to inform both research and national-level risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2018
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 376, No. 2121 ( 2018-06-13), p. 20180106-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 2121 ( 2018-06-13), p. 20180106-
    Abstract: Climate change risk assessment involves formal analysis of the consequences, likelihoods and responses to the impacts of climate change and the options for addressing these under societal constraints. Conventional approaches to risk assessment are challenged by the significant temporal and spatial dynamics of climate change; by the amplification of risks through societal preferences and values; and through the interaction of multiple risk factors. This paper introduces the theme issue by reviewing the current practice and frontiers of climate change risk assessment, with specific emphasis on the development of adaptation policy that aims to manage those risks. These frontiers include integrated assessments, dealing with climate risks across borders and scales, addressing systemic risks, and innovative co-production methods to prioritize solutions to climate challenges with decision-makers. By reviewing recent developments in the use of large-scale risk assessment for adaptation policy-making, we suggest a forward-looking research agenda to meet ongoing strategic policy requirements in local, national and international contexts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2017
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 375, No. 2084 ( 2017-01-13), p. 20160032-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 375, No. 2084 ( 2017-01-13), p. 20160032-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2016
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 374, No. 2059 ( 2016-01-28), p. 20140304-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 374, No. 2059 ( 2016-01-28), p. 20140304-
    Abstract: Accessing and sampling subglacial environments deep beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet presents several challenges to existing drilling technologies. With over half of the ice sheet believed to be resting on a wet bed, drilling down to this environment must conform to international agreements on environmental stewardship and protection, making clean hot-water drilling the most viable option. Such a drill, and its water recovery system, must be capable of accessing significantly greater ice depths than previous hot-water drills, and remain fully operational after connecting with the basal hydrological system. The Subglacial Lake Ellsworth (SLE) project developed a comprehensive plan for deep (greater than 3000 m) subglacial lake research, involving the design and development of a clean deep-ice hot-water drill. However, during fieldwork in December 2012 drilling was halted after a succession of equipment issues culminated in a failure to link with a subsurface cavity and abandonment of the access holes. The lessons learned from this experience are presented here. Combining knowledge gained from these lessons with experience from other hot-water drilling programmes, and recent field testing, we describe the most viable technical options and operational procedures for future clean entry into SLE and other deep subglacial access targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2017
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 375, No. 2084 ( 2017-01-13), p. 20160334-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 375, No. 2084 ( 2017-01-13), p. 20160334-
    Abstract: A family of Cu(II)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been synthesized using three pyridyl-isophthalate ligands, H 2 L 1 (4′-(pyridin-4-yl)biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), H 2 L 2 (4′′-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) and H 2 L 3 (5-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid). Although in each case the pyridyl-isophthalate ligands adopt the same pseudo-octahedral [Cu 2 (O 2 CR) 4 N 2 ] paddlewheel coordination modes, the resulting frameworks are structurally diverse, particularly in the case of the complex of Cu(II) with H 2 L 3 , which leads to three distinct supramolecular isomers, each derived from Kagomé and square nets. In contrast to [Cu(L 2 )] and the isomers of [Cu(L 3 )], [Cu(L 1 )] exhibits permanent porosity. Thus, the gas adsorption properties of [Cu(L 1 )] were investigated with N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 , and the material exhibits an isosteric heat of adsorption competitive with leading MOF sorbents for CO 2 . [Cu(L 1 )] displays high H 2 adsorption, with the density in the pores approaching that of liquid H 2 . This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2019
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 377, No. 2137 ( 2019-01-28), p. 20180059-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 377, No. 2137 ( 2019-01-28), p. 20180059-
    Abstract: Carbon capture and storage is a transition technology from a past and present fuelled by coal, oil and gas and a planned future dominated by renewable energy sources. The technology involves the capture of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power stations and other point sources, compression of the CO 2 into a fluid, transporting it and injecting it deep beneath the Earth's surface into depleted petroleum reservoirs and other porous formations. Once injected, the CO 2 must be monitored to ensure that it is emplaced and assimilated as planned and that none leaks back to surface. A variety of methods have been deployed to monitor the CO 2 storage site and many such methods have been adapted from oilfield practice. However, such methods are commonly indirect, episodic, require active signal generation and remain expensive throughout the monitoring period that may last for hundreds of years. A modelling framework was developed to concurrently simulate CO 2 geostorage conditions and background cosmic-ray muon tomography, in which the potential was assessed for using variations in muon attenuation, due to changes in CO 2 abundance, as a means of CO 2 detection. From this, we developed a passive, continuous monitoring method for CO 2 storage sites using muon tomography, the tools for which can be deployed during the active drilling phase (development) of the storage site. To do this, it was necessary to develop a muon detector that could be used in the hostile environment (saline, high temperature) of the well bore. A prototype detector has been built and tested at the 1.1 km deep Boulby potash mine on the northeast coast of England, supported by the existing STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory on the site. The detector is now ready to be commercialized. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 8
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 375, No. 2084 ( 2017-01-13), p. 20160033-
    Abstract: The structures and photochemical behaviour of two new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are reported. Reaction of Re(2,2′-bipy-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid)(CO) 3 Cl or Mn(2,2′-bipy-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid)(CO) 3 Br with LiCl or LiBr, respectively, produces single crystals of {Li 2 (DMF) 2 [(2,2′-bipy-5,5′-dicarboxylate)Re(CO) 3 Cl]} n ( ReLi ) or {Li 2 (DMF) 2 [(2,2′-bipy-5,5′-dicarboxylate)Mn(CO) 3 Br]} n ( MnLi ). The structures formed by the two MOFs comprise one-dimensional chains of carboxylate-bridged Li(I) cations that are cross-linked by units of Re(2,2′-bipy-5,5′-dicarboxylate)(CO) 3 Cl ( ReLi ) or Mn(2,2′-bipy-5,5′- dicarboxylate)(CO) 3 Br ( MnLi ). The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of both ReLi and MnLi are probed. The rhenium-containing MOF, ReLi , exhibits luminescence and the excited state behaviour, as established by time-resolved infrared measurements, is closer in behaviour to that of unsubstituted [Re(bipy)(CO) 3 Cl] rather than a related MOF where the Li(I) cations are replaced by Mn(II) cations. These observations are further supported by density functional theory calculations. Upon excitation MnLi forms a dicarbonyl species which rapidly recombines with the dissociated CO, in a fashion consistent with the majority of the photoejected CO not escaping the MOF channels. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2016
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 374, No. 2059 ( 2016-01-28), p. 20140306-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 374, No. 2059 ( 2016-01-28), p. 20140306-
    Abstract: It is now well documented that over 400 subglacial lakes exist across the bed of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They comprise a variety of sizes and volumes (from the approx. 250 km long Lake Vostok to bodies of water less than 1 km in length), relate to a number of discrete topographic settings (from those contained within valleys to lakes that reside in broad flat terrain) and exhibit a range of dynamic behaviours (from ‘active’ lakes that periodically outburst some or all of their water to those isolated hydrologically for millions of years). Here we critique recent advances in our understanding of subglacial lakes, in particular since the last inventory in 2012. We show that within 3 years our knowledge of the hydrological processes at the ice-sheet base has advanced considerably. We describe evidence for further ‘active’ subglacial lakes, based on satellite observation of ice-surface changes, and discuss why detection of many ‘active’ lakes is not resolved in traditional radio-echo sounding methods. We go on to review evidence for large-scale subglacial water flow in Antarctica, including the discovery of ancient channels developed by former hydrological processes. We end by predicting areas where future discoveries may be possible, including the detection, measurement and significance of groundwater (i.e. water held beneath the ice-bed interface).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Royal Society ; 2016
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 374, No. 2074 ( 2016-08-13), p. 20150314-
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 374, No. 2074 ( 2016-08-13), p. 20150314-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
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