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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (9)
  • 1
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    Abstract 4918: Is Livin a protagonist of mucinous adenocarcinoma histology in colorectal cancer
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 13_Supplement ( 2017-07-01), p. 4918-4918
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 13_Supplement ( 2017-07-01), p. 4918-4918
    Abstract: The mechanism of cancer resistance to chemotherapy regimen remains uncertain. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the distinct histological subtypes of the disease implicated in chemotherapeutic resistance associated with nodal and peritoneal metastases and worse disease-free survival as an index of poor prognosis. One of the important acquired capabilities used by the cancer cells to resist anticancer therapies is evasion of apoptosis possibly via inhibitor of apoptosis proteins for which Livin is one. This protein contains baculoviral IAP repeat domains in addition to a RING finger, a protein-protein motif important for binding and inhibition of active caspases that interfere with intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathway and the ensuing blockade of apoptosis. Thus, understanding the molecular events on how cancer cells of mucinous histology evade apoptotic death may provide a novel paradigm for a molecular targeted therapy in the management of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma. In this study, the expression pattern and prognostic value of IAP family protein, Livin, in colorectal cancer patients with mucinous histology pre and post-chemotherapy regimen was investigated. Tissue sections from advanced stage colorectal cancer patients who were treated or untreated with neo-adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy before curative resection were included in this study. The tissue sections were grouped according to colorectal adenocarcinomas showing mucinous histology and non-mucinous component. Histological study including Haematoxylin and Eosin, and immunohistochemistry for Anti-Livin and DNA mismatched repair proteins were carried out. Immunofluorescence study was performed to clarify the expression pattern of the protein using Anti-Livin antibody. Protein expression quantification study was also used. Results show significant cytoplasmic localisation and expression of Livin protein in the colorectal cancer cells. The Livin protein expression was found to be increased by more than a one-fold post-chemotherapy treatment when compared with pre-chemotherapy treated patients with mucinous histology of colorectal cancer. Younger patients were found to have a greater probability of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma diagnosis and worse prognosis. Our findings show that Livin-induced inhibition of apoptosis activity can be a target for novel approaches to treatment and prevention of chemotherapy associated drug resistance in mucinous histology colorectal cancer since Livin overexpression has been associated with metastases and worse disease-free survival. More study is needed Citation Format: Mohammed Faruk, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Sani Ibrahim, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, Ahmed Adamu, Ahmed Adamu, Yawale Iliyasu, Adamu Abdullahi, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Abdullahi Mohammed, John Idoko, Abdullahi Jibril Randawa, Abdullahi Jibril Randawa, Atara Ntekim, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Aishatu Suleiman Maude, Almustapha Aliyu Liman, Abubakar Sani, Khalid Zahir Shah, Yahaya Ukwenya, Yahaya Ukwenya, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Kasimu Umar Adoke, James Olowu Enemari, James Olowu Enemari, James Olowu Enemari, Andrew Jonathan Nok. Is Livin a protagonist of mucinous adenocarcinoma histology in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4918. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4918
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4918
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 2
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    Abstract B71: First ten malignancies by ranking from a population of rural Africans in Zaria, Nigeria: A fourteen years review and report
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 26, No. 2_Supplement ( 2017-02-01), p. B71-B71
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 26, No. 2_Supplement ( 2017-02-01), p. B71-B71
    Abstract: Every environment is noted for its variability in incidences of various malignancies and subtypes. The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of malignant tumors in a population of rural Africans attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria with particular emphasis on the first ten most frequently diagnosed cancers over a period of 14 consecutive years (2001-2014). Histologically diagnosed cancers in the various cancer registries of the ABUTH Zaria were included in this study. The ten most commonly presenting cancers were extracted and their demographic characteristics and other relevant clinical data documented using a standardized questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. There were 6,553 histologically diagnosed cancers over 14 years in Ahmadu Bello Unibersity Teaching Hospital Zaria with the following in descending order: Cervical cancer 1042 (15.90%), Breast cancer 788 (12.02%), Prostate cancer 496 (7.56%), Colorectal cancer 360 (5.49%), Lymphoma 306 (4.66%), Eye/orbit cancer 170 (2.59%), Bladder cancer 169 (2.45%), Nasopharyngeal cancer 139 (2.12%), Ovarian cancers 94 (1.43%), and Liver cancer 52 (0.79%). Cervical cancer tops the list as the most frequently diagnosed cancer however, this should be noted that it is a cancer exclusive to females so also breast cancers though rarely males may present with breast cancer. Prostate cancer is a male exclusive disease therefore the percentage would have been higher if the diagnosis would have excluded the females. Of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancers, liver cancer is the tenth despite the fact that complications of viral hepatitidis are known to facilitate liver carcinogenesis and the prevalence of hepatitis C and B in the Nigerian population is 5 and 20 respectively. Citation Format: Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, Mohammed Faruk, Yawale Iliyasu, Abdullahi Mohammed, Sani Ibrahim, Ahmed Adamu, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Abdullahi Jubril Randawa, Adamu Abdullahi, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Maitama Yusuf Hussaini, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Ukwenya Yahaya, John Idoko, Oguntayo Olanrewaju Adekunle, Almustapha Aliyu Liman, Abdulkadir Lawal Rafindadi, Aisha Maude Suleiman, Jigo Dangude Yaro, Ahmad Bello, Bello Kumo. First ten malignancies by ranking from a population of rural Africans in Zaria, Nigeria: A fourteen years review and report. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B71.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.DISP16-B71
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 3
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    Abstract 2638: Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2018
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 78, No. 13_Supplement ( 2018-07-01), p. 2638-2638
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 78, No. 13_Supplement ( 2018-07-01), p. 2638-2638
    Abstract: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male gender cancer and present with a 5-year prevalence, incidence and mortality rate in Nigerian Black men. There is disproportionate prevalence and poor understanding of CaP in Black men globally. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) has documented significant CaP burden among Nigerian black men in Nigeria and in the Diaspora. Notably, African ancestry is one of the most important risk factors of CaP globally. Increased levels of cortisol, a stress-related catabolic hormone is significantly associated to prostate specific antigen and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Cortisol causes degradation of muscle proteins into amino-acids. Amino acids such as leucine, serves as a source of fuel for aggressive prostate cancer cells in a Warburg effect model through the L-amino acid transporters (LATs). The annexins are calcium and phospholipid binding proteins implicated in cancer development and progression. Overexpression of annexin 1 is one of the mechanisms by which cortisol inhibit inflammation. Annexin V has a high affinity to phosphatidylserine and play important role of inhibiting engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. PD-L1 is an important membrane-bound costimulatory molecule that inhibits immune responses through its receptor, PD-1. Overexpression of PD-L1 results to cancer cells aggressively evading the host immune system. The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is a 7-transmembrane protein atypical chemokine receptor expressed on erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells that binds to and clears angiogenic chemokines. Expression pattern of DARC is associated to cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we report the expression pattern of tissue Cortisol, Annexin V, PD-L1 and DARC proteins in relationship to Gleason score in Nigerian Black men with Prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, we assessed salivary cortisol levels by enzyme immunoassay and physical activity by a standardized CaPTC-AC3-MADCaP (C.A.M) CaP measures from 500 subjects recruited by via CaPTC cohort. Results showed significant expression of tissue and salivary cortisol in the CaP patients compared to the normal subjects (p & gt; 0.05). The Tissue cortisol protein expression was higher in CaP cases with Gleason score 8. There was significant overexpression of Annexin protein in virtually the prostate cancer samples studied. We found a negative expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins in all the CaP tissues studied. Cortisol and Annexin may serve as an important biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis in Nigerian Blacks. Citation Format: Faruk Mohammed, Folakemi T. Odedina, Sani Ibrahim, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Ahmed Adamu, Abdullahi Adamu, Ahmad Bello, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, John Idoko, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, Solomon O. Rotimi, Ernie Kaninjing, Getachew A. Dagne, Clayton Yates, Yawale Iliyasu, Nissa Askins, Iya Eze Bassey, Renee Reams, Abdullahi Mohammad, Hussaini Yusuf Maitama, Dauda Maigatari, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Abdulkadir Lawal Rafinadadi, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Serah Adewunmi, Ruth Agaba, Haruna Mohammad Muktar, Ahmad Mai, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Ahmad Bello Kumo, Kasimu Umar Adoke, Ahmad Tijjani Lawal, Ahmad Muhammad, Omolora Fatiregun, Sunday Atawodi, Shehu Akuyam, Yusuf Abdulrashid, Mubarak Liman, Aliyu Muhammad, Abidemi Omonisi, Rebecca Gali, Hassan Dogo, Nkegoum Blaise, Anthonia Sowunmi, Titilola Akinremi, Emeka J. Iweala, Jigo Dangude Yaro, Badejo Adebukola Catherine, Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe. Overexpressions of cortisol, annexin V and Lost in expression of PD-L1 and DARC proteins are associated with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in Black men: A CaPTC Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2638.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2018-2638
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 4
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    Abstract A19: Dietary-fiber and fecal fiber contents including pH in rural Africans with colorectal cancer
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 22_Supplement ( 2017-11-15), p. A19-A19
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 22_Supplement ( 2017-11-15), p. A19-A19
    Abstract: Studies have shown improved/increased intake of dietary fiber and low fecal pH are associated with a lowered risk for colorectal cancer. This study aimed to compare dietary fiber intake, fecal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and fecal pH level of colorectal cancer patients and matched apparently healthy control group in rural Africans in Zaria, Nigeria. Twenty-one subjects of mean age 44.7 years who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer by histology and 14 apparently healthy matched control groups with mean age 45.2 years were recruited for this study. A predefined semi structured food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to access the dietary fiber intake by the subjects. The fecal NDF content was analyzed by extracting 1 g of fecal sample with a mixture of ethanol/ether and refluxed with decalin and sodium sulphite. The extract was suctioned and washed with acetone to yield the total NDF. The NDF was refluxed with an acid detergent solution and dried overnight to yield the ADF. The differences in the NDF and ADF gave the total hemicelluloses. The differences in the weight of the ADF post-treatment with permanganate solution yielded the total lignin. The differences in weight of the permanganate residue post-treatment with 72% Sulphuric acid gave the cellulose content. A pH meter calibrated with buffers of pH 4 and 7 was used to measure the fecal pH of all the subjects. Results from the FFQ show all subjects consumed variety of dietary fiber food in significant amount. However, there was a significant difference in the fecal NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose contents from the colorectal cancer patients when compared with the control group (p & lt;0.05). So also was there a significant difference in fecal pH between the two groups (p & lt;0.05). Consumption of dietary fiber rich foodstuffs alone may not be adequate for prevention against colorectal cancer incidence in some rural Africans in Zaria. There is a need to look into other associating factors which, might have been contributing to colorectal cancer incidence/increase in rural African population. Citation Format: Mohammed Faruk, Sani Ibrahim, Ahmed Adamu, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Yahaya Ukwenya, Yawale Iliyasu, Abdullahi Adamu, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Sirajo Mohammed Aminu, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, John Idoko, Atara Ntekim, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, Khalid Zahir Shah, Kasimu Umar Adoke. Dietary-fiber and fecal fiber contents including pH in rural Africans with colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.NEWFRONT17-A19
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 5
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    Abstract B27: Assessment of chemotherapeutic responses to neoadjuvant FOLFOX and Aspirin on BIRC7 in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells induced in Albino rats
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 23, No. 1_Supplement ( 2017-01-01), p. B27-B27
    Details
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 23, No. 1_Supplement ( 2017-01-01), p. B27-B27
    Abstract: Chemotherapeutic resistance is a problem in the management of malignant tumors especially colorectal adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein-7 (BIRC7) was previously reported by this study group to limit the cytotoxic efficacy of neoadjuvant folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy regimen on human colorectal cancer cells in-vivo. And a significant inhibitory effect of Aspirin on the BIRC7 protein in p53 mutant SW480 colon cancer cells in-vitro was also found. Our aim now is to access the efficacy of the addition of Aspirin to neoadjuvant FOLFOX-chemotherapy on colorectal cancer cells in-vivo using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) carcinogen-induced model on albino rats per rectum. A total of 180 male Albino rats whose weight falls between 110-150g will be used. They will be grouped into 18 sets of 10 rats each and a three staged study will be performed. Namely, assessment of health parameters before the cancer induction, assessments on confirmation of cancer induction and assessments after chemotherapeutic intervention. The chemotherapeutic intervention will be further subdivided into mono, bi or tri therapy in various combinations with and without the addition of the Aspirin. The addition of Aspirin to the chemotherapy regimen will be further divided into concurrent and sequential addition. NMU will be administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg intra rectally every other day until the development of colorectal cancer which, will be confirmed by barium enema and histological analysis. Aspirin will be administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg or 12.5 mg/kg. Folinic acid will be administered at a dose of 7 mg/kg or 3.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p). Oxaliplatin will be dministered at a dose of 3 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg i.p. And 5-FU will be administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg i.p. The animals' hemogram and other pertinent investigations will be done ultimately including culling for histological assessment of tumors. The tumors will be processed for H & E histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoblot using Anti-BIRC7, COX-2, NFK-B, P53, Annexin, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1 antibodies. Findings show that at full sequential dose of Aspirin with chemotherapy there was absence of both significant BIRC7 expression and histologically residual detectable tumor in the colon of the Albino rats. Furthermore, results from the concurrent treatment of Aspirin and FOLFOX in full dose compound to half dose of both sequential and concurrent show that there was significant tumor regression when compared with the untreated colon tumor bearing Albino Rats. The study also shows a survival advantage of the group of Albino rats treated sequentially compared other groups. The study showed that Aspirin given at full therapeutic dose prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy makes the tumor cells highly chemosensitive and may have a role in the finding of having no detectable cancer cells in the colon and also reduced BIRC7 expression. By implication, Aspirin primes the colorectal cancer cells for neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic efficacy and this may be important for management of colorectal cancer patients. Citation Format: Mohammed Faruk, Sani Ibrahim, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, Adamu Abdullahi, Ahmed Adamu, Yawale Iliyasu, Mohammed Shehu Shehu, John Idoko, Abdullahi Jibril Randawa, Atara Ntekim, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Abubakar Sani, Khalid Zahir Shah, Yahaya Ukwenya, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Kasimu Umar Adoke, Andrew Jonathan Nok. Assessment of chemotherapeutic responses to neoadjuvant FOLFOX and Aspirin on BIRC7 in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells induced in Albino rats. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B27.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.PMCCAVULN16-B27
    RVK:
    XA 36791
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 6
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    Abstract A27: Fortification of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs with Aspirin and its effect on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 3_Supplement ( 2017-02-01), p. A27-A27
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 3_Supplement ( 2017-02-01), p. A27-A27
    Abstract: Dietary fiber (DF), the fermentation substrates for colonic bacteria, has acquired a crucial status in protection against colorectal cancer. DF consists of mucilage, beta-glucans and pectin (soluble fiber) and cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin (insoluble fiber) which, are cross-linked with proteins and phenolic compounds. DF improves optimal health through fecal quality, quantity and decreased carcinogenic colonic bacterial metabolites. One of the physico-chemical properties of DF attributed to these important health functions is the natural presence of salicylic acid (SA), an active component of Aspirin in our foodstuffs. However, the presence of SA has been recently reported to be gradually diminishing from our foodstuffs as a result of manmade activity. A large number of studies support the effectiveness of Aspirin in inhibition of colorectal cancer cells growth in-vitro and in-vivo. DF is not currently fortified with Aspirin, nor have the effects of Aspirin fortification on physico-chemical properties of DF been thoroughly studied. Of note, gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the effects associated with high dose aspirin use. This research aims to assess the efficacy of fortification of DF-rich foodstuffs with Aspirin in-vivo using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea carcinogen-induced model of colorectal cancer in rats, with emphasis on the mechanism of biologic action. A total of 30 male Albino rats whose weight falls between 110-150g were used. They were grouped into 6 sets of 5 rats each and a soluble and insoluble DF feeding intervention was systematically employed in various combinations with Aspirin (1600mg/kg diet) and without Aspirin fortification for 80 days. NMU was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg intra rectally every other day for 60 days until the development of colorectal cancer which, was confirmed by barium enema and histological analysis. Hemogram and other pertinent investigations were done ultimately including histological assessment of tumors. The tumors were processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using Anti-p53 and Anti-Bcl-2 antibodies. Findings show no histologically detectable colorectal tumor in the group of rats fed with Aspirin-fortified mixture of soluble and insoluble DF foodstuffs. There was a considerable tumor regression in the group fed with Aspirin-fortified soluble/insoluble DF when compared to non-fortified group. The results show up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 proteins in Aspirin-fortified DF fed rats when compared with non-fortified group (p & lt;0.05). These results imply that DF fortification with Aspirin at low dose may serve as a possible preventive measure against colorectal cancer especially in tumor prone individuals. There is a need for further research. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Mohammed Faruk, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Sani Ibrahim, Surajo Mohammed Aminu, Ahmed Adamu, Yawale Iliyasu, John Idoko, Mohammed Sani Shehu, Adamu Abdullahi, Abdullahi Jubril Randawa, Atara Ntekim, Saad Aliyu Ahmed, Cheh Augustine Awasum, Kasimu Adoke, Andrew Jonathan Nok. Fortification of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs with Aspirin and its effect on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.CRC16-A27
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
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  • 7
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    Abstract A124: NICRAT: The institute pioneering a new approach to cancer research and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2023
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 32, No. 12_Supplement ( 2023-12-01), p. A124-A124
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 32, No. 12_Supplement ( 2023-12-01), p. A124-A124
    Abstract: Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in several sub-Saharan African countries, and some of these nations have established their national cancer institutes as a focal point to address this threat. Similarly, the Nigerian government founded the National Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (NICRAT) in 2017. The purpose of this report is to provide an understanding of the opportunities in establishing a new cancer institute in Nigeria, the most populous Black country in the world and the most populous country in Africa. We reviewed the history, mission and strategy of the National Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (NICRAT). Methods: The data sources reviewed were publications in professional journals, government reports, news articles, and the NICRAT website. Results: Some of the concerns that justified the establishment and initiation of a national cancer institute in Nigeria include the lack of a coordinated effort to study and combat the disease in Nigeria. The NICRAT was created to centralize cancer research efforts, provide funding for cancer research, and coordinate research activities across the country. These institutes are a science-based governmental institutions dedicated to cancer research, prevention, and treatment. Accordingly, the institution will promote the fight against cancer, providing a centralized focus for cancer research and treatment efforts, and facilitating collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and patients, as well as guidance for cancer policy formulation and implementation for decision-makers. Modelled on the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), the NICRAT has institutionalised Nigeria’s capacity to coordinate research efforts to support the use of evidence-based practices in designated Cancer Centers to reduce the impact of cancer. The NICRAT is also the focal point for the implementation of the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP), and will coordinate the National System of Cancer Registries and the Cancer Health Fund. Discussion: Cancer institutes in sub-Saharan Africa are currently in early stages of evolution. Over the next 5 years, NICRAT’s mission is to work in partnership with other arms of Government and partners to continue its efforts in advancing cancer research, prevention, and treatment. The NICRAT will also focus on improving cancer care delivery and access to care, enhancing cancer prevention and education efforts, and strengthening collaborations with international partners to address the cancer challenge. How successful the institute becomes in its mission will be determined by its capacity to develop the right partnerships, including with the private sector, adopting innovative approaches, and mobilising adequate resources. Building a national cancer institute requires strong commitment, planning and action. The experience of setting up the NICRAT can inform similar efforts in other African countries. Citation Format: Sani A. Malami, Usman M. Aliyu, Uchechukwu E. Nwokwu, Waziri U. Mohammed. NICRAT: The institute pioneering a new approach to cancer research and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A124.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.DISP23-A124
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 8
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    Abstract B61: Chemoprotective properties of some African spices on sodium arsenite-induced toxicities in albino Wistar rats
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2010
    In:  Cancer Prevention Research Vol. 3, No. 12_Supplement ( 2010-12-01), p. B61-B61
    Details
    In: Cancer Prevention Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 3, No. 12_Supplement ( 2010-12-01), p. B61-B61
    Abstract: Certain types of cancer have been linked to the consumption of arsenic contaminated water. Increases in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis were associated with the presence of inorganic trivalent arsenic as observed during previous epidemiological studies. Consumption of chemoprotective plants food products rich in antioxidants have been suggested and shown to hold promise in mitigating disease onset and chemical-induced carcinogenesis. We investigated the effect of some commonly consumed African spices and nuts — Afromomum longiscapum (AL), Keayodendron bridelioides (KB), Monodora myristica (MM) and Juglans nigra (JN) — on sodium arsenite (SA) a known clastogen induced toxicty in Albino Wistar rats for five weeks. Phytochemical profiling of aqueous extracts of these spices indicated non-specifically the presence and absence of these pharmacologically active compounds: tanins, saponins, cardenolides, anthraquinones, flavonoids and alkaloids. Our findings indicate that MM and AL alone induce the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in the rat bone marrow significantly (p & lt;0.05) while KB and JN alone did not using the mouse micronuclei assay. Co-administration of AL, MM, KB and JN individually in addition to SA decreased (p & lt;0.05) SA-induced mPCEs formation compared with SA only. KB and JN effectively reduced mPCEs formation (50 and 75% respectively) than AL and MM (38.5 and 31% respectively) over SA alone. However, AL and MM did not additively increase SA-induced mPCEs formation but appears to act in an antagonistic manner. Relative to control, SA increased serum levels of hepatic transaminases (p & lt;0.05) while all extract co-treatments with SA resulted in a decrease (p & lt;0.05) in serum transaminases. AL, KB, MM, JN and SA treatment decreased sperm count and motility (p & lt;0.05) with no observable effect on sperm viability compared with the control. All parameters measuring morphological abnormalities in semen showed no difference (p & gt;0.05) across the treated groups. Limited hepatic histopathology showed mild mononuclear cellular infiltration in the control groups. Compared with the control, severe hepatic degeneration and necrosis was observed in SA treated group with no visible lesions in the AL, KB and JN treatments. However, diffused vascular degeneration of hepatocytes was common in the MM treated group. Mild hepatic degeneration and congestion of the portal vessels were seen in AL+SA and MM+SA treated groups. KB treatment largely conferred protection on SA-induced hepatotoxicity. Overall, some extracts (JN and KB) exhibited an higher anticlastogenic and hepatoprotective potentials, while others (MM and AL) did to a lesser extent confered such properties, bordering on being toxic. Furthermore, the extracts reduced sperm count and motility with no significant effect on viability or morphology. In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of these spices exhibited chemoprotective properties, with the potential of mitigating the effect of arsenic-induced clastogenicity. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B61.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-6207 , 1940-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.PREV-10-B61
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2422346-3
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    Abstract 4342: Histological variants and sites of presentation of malignant melanoma in a resource poor setting: A histopathological review
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2020
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 80, No. 16_Supplement ( 2020-08-15), p. 4342-4342
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 16_Supplement ( 2020-08-15), p. 4342-4342
    Abstract: Background: Melanoma is a malignant tumour that arises from melanocytic cells. The incidence is increasing worldwide in white population where fair skin people receive excessive sun exposure. Although relatively uncommon in Africa-Americans, recent trends shows increase incidence in Africa- Americans. Data on the incidence and biology of melanoma are few in Africa. This study review the variants and sites of melanoma in a resource poor setting in Nigeria with some immunohistochemical stains performed. Method: All cases of melanoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over a three year period (2016-2018) were retrieved. Patient's information including site and age were also retrieved from their case notes. Immunohistochemistry using two antibodies S-100, HMB-45 was done. Results: A total 38 cases were seen during the study period with a male female ratio of 1:1.1. The age range was 5-80 years with a mean age of 48.8±18.1. The most common site for melanoma is the foot 19(50%), followed by the uvea 7(18.4%), skin and inguinal lymph node 4(10.5%), anorectal and conjunctiva had 2(5.3%). The commonest histological variant of melanoma was acral lentigenous melanoma 19(50%), Superficial spreading melanoma 4(10.5%), nodular melanoma 3(7.9%) and desmoplastic melanoma 1(2.6%). Immunohistochemistry was used on three cases to rule out differentials. Conclusion: Malignant melanoma in our setting is in contrast with African-Americans and Caucasians population base on site and histological type, hence future studies on molecular pathways of melanoma in Africa needs to be explored to show similarity or difference and the possibility of targeted immunotherapy. Citation Format: Kasimu Umar Adoke, Mohammed Faruk, Yawale Iliyasu, Saad Aliyu Ahmed. Histological variants and sites of presentation of malignant melanoma in a resource poor setting: A histopathological review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4342.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2020-4342
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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