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  • American Society for Microbiology  (12)
  • 1
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    Comparison between the Hybrid Capture II Test and an SPF1/GP6+ PCR-Based Assay for Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Cervical Swab Samples
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 44, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 1733-1739
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 44, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 1733-1739
    Abstract: We compared the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection between a PCR-based genechip (Easychip HPV Blot [hereafter referred to as HPV Blot]; King Car, Taiwan) method and Hybrid Capture II (HCII; Digene, Gaithersburg, MD) in women with previous normal ( n = 146) or abnormal (≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] [ n = 208]) cytology. A total of 354 cervical swab samples were collected for HPV DNA assay by both HCII and SPF1/GP6+ PCR followed by HPV Blot tests. Colposcopy-directed biopsy was performed if clinically indicated. Of the 354 samples, HPV-positive rates by these two methods (HCII and HPV Blot) were 12.6% and 18.2% in 143 normal samples, 36.2% and 45.7% in 105 ASCUS samples, 57.4% and 57.4% in 94 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, and 83.3% and 75.0% in 12 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, respectively. The concordance of HPV Blot and HCII was 80.8% (286/354), and the agreement between the methods (κ value, 0.68) was substantial. Discrepancies were further investigated by at least one of the following three methods: direct sequencing, type-specific PCR, and HPV Blot genotyping of cervical biopsy tissue. In the 15 HCII-positive samples, HPV Blot detected only non-HCII HPV genotypes; results of further verification methods were consistent with the latter test in the 15 samples. Of the 20 samples with HCII-negative and HPV Blot-positive results, 18 were found to contain the 13 HCII high-risk genotypes by verification methods. In only 16.7% (3/18) of the HCII-positive but HPV Blot-negative samples, further studies detected the 13 HCII genotypes. We conclude that HPV Blot seemed comparable to HCII for detection of HPV DNA in cervical swab samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1733-1739.2006
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Tissue Destruction Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection in a Mouse Chamber Model Is Associated with Host Tumor Necrosis Factor Generation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 73, No. 12 ( 2005-12), p. 7946-7952
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 73, No. 12 ( 2005-12), p. 7946-7952
    Abstract: Intrachamber challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 in a mouse subcutaneous chamber model results in a local infection that progresses to exfoliation of the chambers within 15 days. This study was designed to elucidate the contribution of host reactions to tissue destruction manifested by chamber exfoliation in animals infected with P. gingivalis . Chamber fluids showed increasing levels of prostaglandin E 2 with infection, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in chamber fluids peaked just before chamber exfoliation. Intraperitoneal injection of a TNF inhibitor, thalidomide (TH), reduced the number of exfoliated chambers, while indomethacin had no effect. Exogenous TNF in chambers without bacterial infection did not cause chamber exfoliation but induced neutrophil infiltration. In a dual-chamber model, two chambers were implanted in the same mouse. One chamber was infected with P. gingivalis , and 9 days later exogenous TNF was added to the other chamber. Altogether, 66.67% of uninfected chambers were exfoliated between day 11 and day 16, although no bacteria were recovered from uninfected chambers. TH treatment alleviated both infected and uninfected chamber exfoliation. In this study, tissue destruction caused by P. gingivalis 381 infection was due to the elevation of the TNF levels and not due to local bacterial activities. Our results further indicate that local infection by P. gingivalis 381, a nondisseminating strain, actually has systemic effects on the host pathological outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.12.7946-7952.2005
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 3
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    Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiotas in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-02-15), p. 1107-1112
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-02-15), p. 1107-1112
    Abstract: Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can beneficially affect the host by producing acetic acid and lactic acid, which lower pH and thereby inhibit the growth of pathogens or allow the probiotic bacteria to compete with pathogens for epithelial adhesion sites and nutrients. The transmural migration of enteric organisms into the peritoneal cavity can cause peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We hypothesized that the composition of the intestinal microbiota with regard to Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species differed between PD patients and healthy controls. The aim of the study was to investigate these differences by real-time PCR analysis of fecal samples. From 1 August 2009 to 31 March 2010, a total of 29 nondiabetic PD patients and 41 healthy controls from China Medical University Hospital were recruited after giving their informed consent. Fecal samples were collected from the PD patients and their age-matched counterparts in the morning using a standardized procedure. DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed by real-time PCR. All bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium catenulatum , B. longum , B. bifidum , Lactobacillus plantarum , L. paracasei , and Klebsiella pneumoniae were less frequently detected in the patient samples. Dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) may impair intestinal barrier function and increase host vulnerability to pathogen invasion. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings before clinical trials with probiotic supplementation in PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.05605-11
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Dual Effects of Let-7b in the Early Stage of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2021-01-28)
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2021-01-28)
    Abstract: MicroRNA let-7b expression is induced by infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is involved in the regulation of HCV replication by directly targeting the HCV genome. The current study demonstrated that let-7b directly targets negative regulators of type I interferon (IFN) signaling thereby limiting HCV replication in the early stage of HCV infection. Let-7b-regulated genes which are involved in host cellular responses to HCV infection were unveiled by microarray profiling and bioinformatic analyses, followed by various molecular and cellular assays using Huh7 cells expressing wild-type (WT) or the seed region-mutated let-7b. Let-7b targeted the cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein, a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling, which then enhanced STAT1-Y701 phosphorylation leading to increased expression of the downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Let-7b augmented retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, but not MDA5, to phosphorylate and nuclear translocate IRF3 leading to increased expression of IFN-β. Let-7b directly targeted the ATG12 and IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) transcripts and reduced the interaction of the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate and RIG-I leading to increased expression of IFN, which may further stimulate JAK/STAT signaling. Let-7b induced by HCV infection elicits dual effects on IFN expression and signaling, along with targeting the coding sequences of NS5B and 5′ UTR of the HCV genome, and limits HCV RNA accumulation in the early stage of HCV infection. Controlling let-7b expression is thereby crucial in the intervention of HCV infection. IMPORTANCE HCV is a leading cause of liver disease, with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. During HCV infection, type I interferon (IFN) signaling displays potent antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Host factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play a role in upregulating IFN signaling to limit HCV replication. Let-7b is a liver-abundant miRNA that is induced by HCV infection and targets the HCV genome to suppress HCV RNA accumulation. In this study, we demonstrated that let-7b, as a positive regulator of type I IFN signaling, plays dual roles against HCV replication by increasing the expression of IFN and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE)-driven interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the early stage of HCV infection. This study sheds new insight into understanding the role of let-7b in combatting HCV infection. Clarifying IFN signaling regulated by miRNA during the early phase of HCV infection may help researchers understand the initial defense mechanisms to other RNA viruses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01800-20
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 5
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    Core Antigen Expression Is Associated with Hepatic Necroinflammation in e Antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Low DNA Loads
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1048-1053
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1048-1053
    Abstract: Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBcAg) is a hallmark of viral replication in hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HBcAg in HBeAg-negative CHB. One hundred six HBeAg-negative CHB patients who underwent ultrasonographically guided liver biopsy were reviewed for their HBV DNA load and clinical and histological data. Factors associated with the expression of intrahepatic HBcAg were analyzed. Among the patients, 35 (33%) were positive for HBcAg by immunohistostaining. In patients whose HBV DNA loads were higher than 10 7 copies (cp)/ml, nearly one-half (52%) had detectable HBcAg. Compared with HBcAg-negative patients, HBcAg-positive patients had higher serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and HBV DNA levels and more-severe hepatic necroinflammation. High serum ALT level ( 〉 160 U/liter) and HBV viral load were the determinants of HBcAg expression in multivariate analysis. Large amounts of HBcAg expression were frequently detected in patients with high DNA loads, and the patterns of HBcAg distribution were not related to histological activity or HBV DNA levels. In patients with lower HBV DNA loads, the expression of HBcAg was the key factor associated with active hepatic necroinflammation (hazard ratio = 11.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 to 89.26; P = 0.022). In conclusion, the expression of HBcAg is not frequent in HBeAg-negative CHB. The expression of intrahepatic HBcAg indicates active hepatic necroinflammation, even in patients with low HBV DNA load. Both HBV viral load and HBcAg expression have implications in the pathogenesis of HBeAg-negative CHB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00460-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 6
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    Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin and Target Gene Mutations of Fluoroquinolones in Elizabethkingia anophelis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 66, No. 7 ( 2022-07-19)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 7 ( 2022-07-19)
    Abstract: Fluoroquinolones are potentially effective against Elizabethkingia anophelis . We investigated the MIC, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), and target gene mutations of fluoroquinolones in E. anophelis . Eighty-five E. anopheli s isolates were collected from five hospitals in Taiwan. The MIC and MPC of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were examined for all E. anopheli s except 17 isolates, in which ciprofloxacin MPC could not be determined due to drug precipitation caused by overly high drug concentration. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of DNA gyrase (GyrA and GyrB) and topoisomerase IV (ParC and ParE) in the clinical isolates and fluoroquinolone-selected mutants were examined. Overall, 23.5% and 71.8% of the isolates tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The MPC 50 of ciprofloxacin was 128 mg/L, and the MPC 50 of levofloxacin was 51.2 mg/L. The MPC 50 /MIC 50 ratio for ciprofloxacin was 64, whereas that for levofloxacin was 25.6. The coefficient of determination between the MPC and MIC for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was 0.72 and 0.56, respectively, in the linear regression analysis. Preexisting mutations in GyrA (S83I, S83R, and D87Y) were identified in 18 clinical isolates, all of which were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Additional amino acid substitutions in GyrA were identified in all ciprofloxacin- and levofloxacin-selected mutants. Furthermore, GyrB alterations (D431N or D431H) were found in nine levofloxacin-treated isolates. Given that maintaining the serum concentrations of fluoroquinolones above MPCs is impossible under presently recommended doses, the selection of mutant E. anophelis strains seems inevitable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aac.00301-22
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  mSystems Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-06-28)
    Details
    In: mSystems, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-06-28)
    Abstract: Antibiotics used as growth promoters in livestock and animal husbandry can be detected in animal-derived food. Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure to these antibiotic residues in food may be associated with childhood obesity. Herein, the effect of exposure to a residual dose of tylosin—an antibiotic growth promoter—on host metabolism and gut microbiota was explored in vivo . Theoretical maximal daily intake (TMDI) doses of tylosin were found to facilitate high-fat-diet-induced obesity, induce insulin resistance, and perturb gut microbiota composition in mice. The obesity-related phenotypes were transferrable to germfree recipient mice, indicating that the effects of a TMDI dose of tylosin on obesity and insulin resistance occurred mainly via alteration of the gut microbiota. Tylosin TMDI exposure restricted to early life, the critical period of gut microbiota development, altered the abundance of specific bacteria related to host metabolic homeostasis later in life. Moreover, early-life exposure to tylosin TMDI doses was sufficient to modify the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids, thereby inducing lasting metabolic consequences via the downstream FGF15 signaling pathway. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that exposure to very low doses of antibiotic residues, whether continuously or in early life, could exert long-lasting effects on host metabolism by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that even with limited exposure in early life, a residual dose of tylosin might cause long-lasting metabolic disturbances by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings reveal that the gut microbiota is susceptible to previously ignored environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-5077
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00172-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844333-0
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  • 8
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    Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People Living with HIV Who Presented with Interstitial Pneumonitis: an Emerging Challenge in the Era of Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Abstract: Studies on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and presenting with interstitial pneumonitis (IP) are limited in the era of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, particularly with integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens. Adult PLWH presenting with IP in whom ART was initiated within 30 days of IP diagnosis between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively identified. The primary outcome was the occurrence of IRIS within 30 days after admission. Of 88 eligible PLWH with IP (median age, 36 years; CD4 count, 39 cells/mm 3 ), Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA were detected via polymerase-chain-reaction assay in 69.3% and 91.7% of respiratory specimens, respectively. 22 PLWH (25.0%) had manifestations that met French’s IRIS criteria for paradoxical IRIS. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of the all-cause mortality (0.0% versus 6.1%, P = 0.24), the occurrence of respiratory failure (22.7% versus 19.7%, P = 0.76), and pneumothorax (9.1% versus 7.6%, P = 0.82) between PLWH with and those without paradoxical IRIS. In a multivariable analysis, the factors associated with IRIS were the decline of the 1 month plasma HIV RNA load (PVL) with ART (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 1 log decrease, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.52 to 7.81), a baseline CD4-to-CD8 ratio of 〈 0.1 (aHR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.16 to 10.44), and the rapid initiation of ART (aHR, 7.95; 95% CI, 1.04 to 60.90). In conclusion, we found a high rate of paradoxical IRIS among PLWH with IP in the era of rapid ART initiation with INSTI-containing ART and this was associated with immune depletion at baseline, a rapid decline of PVL, and an interval of 〈 7 days between the diagnosis of IP and the initiation of ART. IMPORTANCE Our study of PLWH who presented with IP mainly due to Pneumocystis jirovecii demonstrates that a high rate of paradoxical IRIS and a rapid decline of PVL with the initiation of ART, a CD4-to-CD8 ratio of 〈 0.1 at baseline, and a short interval ( 〈 7 days) between the diagnosis of IP and the initiation of ART were associated with paradoxical IP-IRIS in PLWH. Paradoxical IP-IRIS was not associated with mortality or respiratory failure with heightened awareness among the HIV-treating physicians, rigorous investigations to exclude the possibilities of concomitant infections, or the malignancies and adverse effects of medications, including the cautious use of corticosteroids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04985-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 9
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    Effect of Intragenomic Sequence Heterogeneity among Multiple 16S rRNA Genes on Species Identification of Elizabethkingia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-10-26)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-10-26)
    Abstract: Accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species mostly requires the use of molecular techniques, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing is generally considered the method of choice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of intraspecific diversity among the multiple copies of the 16S rRNA gene on the accuracy of species identification in the genus Elizabethkingia. Sequences of 16S rRNA genes obtained from the 32 complete whole-genome sequences of Elizabethkingia deposited in GenBank and from 218 clinical isolates collected from 5 hospitals in Taiwan were analyzed. Four or five copies of 16S rRNA were identified in the Elizabethkingia species with complete genome sequences. The dissimilarity among the copies of the16S rRNA gene was 〈 1% in all Elizabethkingia strains. E. meningoseptica demonstrated a significantly higher rate of nucleotide variations in the 16S rRNA than did E. anophelis ( P =  0.011). Nucleotide alterations occurred more frequently in regions V2 and V6 than in other hypervariable regions ( P  〈   0.001). E. meningoseptica , E. anophelis , and E. argenteiflava strains were clustered distinctly in the phylogenetic tree inferred from 16S rRNA genes, and the intragenomic variation of gene sequences had no profound effect on the classification of taxa. However, E. miricola , E. bruuniana , E. ursingii , and E. occulta were grouped closely in the phylogenetic analysis, and the variation among the multiple copies of the 16S rRNA in one E. ursingii strain affected species classification. Other marker genes may be required to supplement the species classification of closely related taxa in the genus Elizabethkingia . IMPORTANCE Incorrect identification of bacterial species would influence the epidemiology and clinical analysis of patients infected with Elizabethkingia . The results of the present study suggest that 16S rRNA gene sequencing should not be considered the gold standard for the accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01338-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 10
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    Implication of the IL-10-Expression Signature in the Pathogenicity of Leptospira -Infected Macrophages
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-06-29)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-06-29)
    Abstract: Leptospirosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., occurs in ecoregions with heavy rainfall and has public health implications. Macrophages are the major anti- Leptospira phagocytes that infiltrate the kidneys during renal leptospirosis, which is caused by leptospires residing in the renal tubules. The pathogenicity of Leptospira spp. in immune effector cells such as macrophages is not well understood. To evaluate this pathogenesis, we characterized and compared the transcriptome-wide alterations in macrophages infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. Using transcriptome data and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis, at 2 h postinfection, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent glycolysis pathway was implicated in pathogenic Leptospira -infected macrophages but not in nonpathogenic leptospiral infections. Immune-related biological processes were mostly activated in pathogenic Leptospira -infected macrophages, and flow cytometry investigations revealed that classically activated macrophages represent the predominant polarization status. At 24 h after infection, biological pathways associated with interleukin-10, IL-10, signaling the induction of macrophage tolerance, as well as higher levels of IL-10 mRNA and protein expression, were observed in nonpathogenic Leptospira -infected macrophages compared to in pathogenic leptospiral infection. Following leptospiral infection of macrophages, strong IL-10-expressing transcriptome signatures were observed following nonpathogenic leptospiral infection. The transcriptional programs generated in Leptospira -infected macrophages revealed an inflammatory milieu following the production of a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, which is implicated in controlling the pathogenicity of activated macrophages. These findings imply that IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory responses and tolerance in activated macrophages induced by nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. infection reduce inflammation and tissue damage, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for leptospirosis. IMPORTANCE Activation of macrophages by Leptospira spp. infection is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. To evaluate the innate macrophage responses to Leptospira spp., specifically pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Leptospira spp., we characterized the entire transcriptome-wide alterations in infected macrophages. We showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and immune-related pathways are activated in pathogenic leptospiral-infected macrophages. We confirmed the significantly high levels of IL-10-expressing signatures and tolerance in activated macrophages caused by nonpathogenic Leptospira infection. Furthermore, nonpathogenic leptospiral infections attenuated macrophage activation responses. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the immune microenvironment caused by macrophage activation driven by IL-10 overexpression, which may contribute to regulating inflammation in leptospirosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02595-21
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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