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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Characterization of Streptococcus milleri Group Isolates from Expectorated Sputum of Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 395-401
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 395-401
    Abstract: With the recent insights into the Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) as pulmonary pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), we sought to characterize 128 isolates from the sputum of adults with CF, along with 45 isolates from patients with invasive diseases for comparison. The tests performed included Lancefield grouping; tests for hemolysis; tests for the production of hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulfatase, DNase, proteases, and hydrogen peroxide; and PCR for the detection of the intermedilysin gene ( ily ). We also generated biochemical profiles with the Rapid ID Strep 32 API system and tested cell-free supernatants for the presence of the signal molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) using a Vibrio harveyi bioassay with a subset of CF strains. The S. intermedius isolates from both strain collections were similar, while the S. constellatus and S. anginosus isolates yielded several biotypes that differed in prevalence between the two strain collections. Beta-hemolytic, Lancefield group C S. constellatus comprised 74.4% of the S. constellatus isolates from patients with CF but only 13.3% of the corresponding isolates from patients with invasive infections. This was the only S. constellatus biotype associated with pulmonary exacerbations. Hyaluronidase-positive S. anginosus was detected only among the isolates from patients with CF. Strain-to-strain variability in AI-2 expression was evident, with the mean values being the highest for S. anginosus , followed by S. constellatus and then S. intermedius . Cluster analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the species of SMG could be accurately determined with a minimum of three phenotypic tests: tests for the Lancefield group, hyaluronidase production, and chondroitin sulfatase production. Furthermore, isolates from patients with invasive infections clustered with isolates from the sputum of patients with CF, suggesting that the respiratory tract isolates were equally pathogenic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01807-09
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Macrolide and Clindamycin Resistance in Streptococcus milleri Group Isolates from the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 54, No. 7 ( 2010-07), p. 2823-2829
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 54, No. 7 ( 2010-07), p. 2823-2829
    Abstract: Organisms belonging to the Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) are known for their role in pyogenic infections but have recently been implicated as etiological agents of pulmonary exacerbation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The prolonged exposure of CF patients to antibiotics prompted us to investigate the susceptibility profiles of 118 SMG isolates from the airways of CF patients to 12 antibiotics compared to 43 SMG isolates from patients with invasive infections. We found that ∼60% of all isolates failed to grow using the standard medium for disc diffusion, Mueller-Hinton blood agar (MHBA), so we explored the usefulness of brain heart infusion (BHI) agar for susceptibility testing. Zone-of-inhibition comparisons between BHI and MHBA showed strong correlations for six antibiotics, and interpretations were similar for both medium types. For ceftriaxone and cefepime, both groups of isolates were highly susceptible. Tetracycline resistance levels were comparable between the two groups (22% in CF isolates and 17.4% in invasive isolates). However, more than half of the CF isolates were not susceptible to azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, compared to 11%, 13%, and 6.5% of invasive isolates, respectively. There were 5-fold and 8-fold increased risks of azithromycin and clindamycin resistance, respectively, for the isolates from the airways of CF patients relative to the invasive isolates. Macrolide resistance was strongly linked to chronic azithromycin therapy in CF patients. This study shows that BHI agar is a suitable alternative for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the SMG and that SMG isolates from the airways of CF patients are more resistant to macrolides and clindamycin than strains isolated from patients with invasive infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01845-09
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The Streptococcus milleri Population of a Cystic Fibrosis Clinic Reveals Patient Specificity and Intraspecies Diversity
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 7 ( 2010-07), p. 2592-2594
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 48, No. 7 ( 2010-07), p. 2592-2594
    Abstract: The genetic relatedness of Streptococcus milleri group isolates from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients was determined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This study reveals no evidence for patient-to-patient transmission in our patient population; however, within individual patients, complex inter- and intraspecies diversity and dynamics can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00414-10
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of Escherichia coli
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 181, No. 1 ( 1999-01), p. 197-203
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 181, No. 1 ( 1999-01), p. 197-203
    Abstract: The rate of protein diffusion in bacterial cytoplasm may constrain a variety of cellular functions and limit the rates of many biochemical reactions in vivo. In this paper, we report noninvasive measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli . These measurements were made in two ways: by photobleaching of GFP fluorescence and by photoactivation of a red-emitting fluorescent state of GFP (M. B. Elowitz, M. G. Surette, P. E. Wolf, J. Stock, and S. Leibler, Curr. Biol. 7:809–812, 1997). The apparent diffusion coefficient, D a , of GFP in E. coli DH5α was found to be 7.7 ± 2.5 μm 2 /s. A 72-kDa fusion protein composed of GFP and a cytoplasmically localized maltose binding protein domain moves more slowly, with D a of 2.5 ± 0.6 μm 2 /s. In addition, GFP mobility can depend strongly on at least two factors: first, D a is reduced to 3.6 ± 0.7 μm 2 /s at high levels of GFP expression; second, the addition to GFP of a small tag consisting of six histidine residues reduces D a to 4.0 ± 2.0 μm 2 /s. Thus, a single effective cytoplasmic viscosity cannot explain all values of D a reported here. These measurements have implications for the understanding of intracellular biochemical networks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.181.1.197-203.1999
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Mediates Interspecies Interactions at the Cell Surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  mBio Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-07-06)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-07-06)
    Abstract: Bacteria rarely exist in isolation, whether on human tissues or in the environment, and they frequently coinfect with other microbes. However, relatively little is known about how microbial interspecies interactions alter bacterial behaviors and pathogenesis. We identified a novel interaction between two bacterial species that frequently infect together— Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . We show that the S. aureus -secreted protein staphylococcal protein A (SpA), which is well-known for interacting with host targets, also binds to specific P. aeruginosa cell surface molecules and alters two persistence-associated P. aeruginosa behaviors: biofilm formation and uptake by host immune cells. Because S. aureus frequently precedes P. aeruginosa in chronic infections, these findings reveal how microbial community interactions can impact persistence and host interactions during coinfections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00538-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 6
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    Twenty-Five-Year Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infecting Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: Identification of the Prairie Epidemic Strain
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 1127-1135
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 1127-1135
    Abstract: Transmissible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been described for cystic fibrosis (CF) and may be associated with a worse prognosis. Using a comprehensive strain biobank spanning 3 decades, we sought to determine the prevalence and stability of chronic P. aeruginosa infection in an adult population. P. aeruginosa isolates from sputum samples collected at initial enrollment in our adult clinic and at the most recent clinic visit were examined by a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and compared against a collection of established transmissible and local non-CF bronchiectasis (nCFB) isolates. A total of 372 isolates from 107 patients, spanning 674 patient-years, including 66 patients with matched isolates from initial and final encounters, were screened. A novel clone with increased antibacterial resistance, termed the prairie epidemic strain (PES), was found in 29% (31/107 patients) of chronically infected patients referred from multiple prairie-based CF centers. This isolate was not found in those diagnosed with CF as adults or in a control population with nCFB. While 90% (60/66 patients) of patients had stable infection over a mean of 10.8 years, five patients experienced strain displacement of unique isolates, with PES occurring within 2 years of transitioning to adult care. PES has been present in our cohort since at least 1987, is unique to CF, generally establishes chronic infection during childhood, and has been found in patients at the time of transition of patients from multiple prairie-based CF clinics, suggesting broad endemicity. Studies are under way to evaluate the clinical implications of PES infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03218-13
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    MicroRNA-155 Is Required for Clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the Nasopharynx
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 82, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 4824-4833
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 4824-4833
    Abstract: Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of death and an economic burden worldwide. S. pneumoniae is an intermittent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, and the ability to control asymptomatic colonization determines the likelihood of developing invasive disease. Recognition of S. pneumoniae by resident macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and the presence of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting CD4 + T cells are required for macrophage recruitment and bacterial clearance. Despite the fact that the primary cellular effectors needed for bacterial clearance have been identified, much of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that the small, noncoding RNA microRNA-155 (mir-155) is critical for the effective clearance of S. pneumoniae . Our studies show that mir-155-deficient mice maintain the ability to prevent acute invasive pneumococcal infection but have significantly higher bacterial burdens following colonization, independently of macrophage recognition by TLR-2, MARCO expression, or bactericidal capacity. The observed defects in bacterial clearance parallel reduced IL-17A and gamma interferon CD4 + T-cell responses in vivo , lower IL-17A mRNA levels in the nasopharynx, and a reduced capacity to induce Th17 cell polarization. Given that knockout mice are also limited in the capacity to generate high-titer S. pneumoniae -specific antibodies, we conclude that mir-155 is a critical mediator of the cellular effectors needed to clear primary and secondary S. pneumoniae colonizations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.02251-14
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Surface Swarming Behavior in Salmonella
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 187, No. 18 ( 2005-09-15), p. 6580-6583
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 187, No. 18 ( 2005-09-15), p. 6580-6583
    Abstract: Swarming behavior among 167 Salmonella sp. isolates, representing all eight groups, was assessed. Only eight strains failed to swarm under standard conditions. Four of the defective strains swarmed on alternate carbon sources, and four harbored general defects in motility or lipopolysaccharide. Thus, swarming may represent an evolutionarily conserved behavior in Salmonella spp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.187.18.6580-6583.2005
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Capturing the Resistome: a Targeted Capture Method To Reveal Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Metagenomes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20)
    Abstract: Identification of the nucleotide sequences encoding antibiotic resistance elements and determination of their association with antibiotic resistance are critical to improve surveillance and monitor trends in antibiotic resistance. Current methods to study antibiotic resistance in various environments rely on extensive deep sequencing or laborious culturing of fastidious organisms, both of which are heavily time-consuming operations. An accurate and sensitive method to identify both rare and common resistance elements in complex metagenomic samples is needed. Referencing the sequences in the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, we designed a set of 37,826 probes to specifically target over 2,000 nucleotide sequences associated with antibiotic resistance in clinically relevant bacteria. Testing of this probe set on DNA libraries generated from multidrug-resistant bacteria to selectively capture resistance genes reproducibly produced higher numbers of reads on target at a greater length of coverage than shotgun sequencing. We also identified additional resistance gene sequences from human gut microbiome samples that sequencing alone was not able to detect. Our method to capture the resistome enables a sensitive means of gene detection in diverse environments where genes encoding antibiotic resistance represent less than 0.1% of the metagenome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01324-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    pfs - Dependent Regulation of Autoinducer 2 Production in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 184, No. 13 ( 2002-07), p. 3450-3456
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 184, No. 13 ( 2002-07), p. 3450-3456
    Abstract: Bacterial intercellular communication provides a mechanism for signal-dependent regulation of gene expression to promote coordinated population behavior. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium produces a non-homoserine lactone autoinducer in exponential phase as detected by a Vibrio harveyi reporter assay for autoinducer 2 (AI-2) (M. G. Surette and B. L. Bassler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:7046-7050, 1998). The luxS gene product mediates the production of AI-2 (M. G. Surette, M. B. Miller, and B. L. Bassler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:1639-1644, 1999). Environmental cues such as rapid growth, the presence of preferred carbon sources, low pH, and/or high osmolarity were found to influence the production of AI-2 (M. G. Surette and B. L. Bassler, Mol. Microbiol. 31:585-595, 1999). In addition to LuxS, the pfs gene product (Pfs) is required for AI-2 production, as well as S -adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) (S. Schauder, K. Shokat, M. G. Surette, and B. L. Bassler, Mol. Microbiol. 41:463-476, 2001). In bacterial cells, Pfs exhibits both 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and SAH nucleosidase functions. Pfs is involved in methionine metabolism, regulating intracellular MTA and SAH levels (elevated levels of MTA and SAH are potent inhibitors of polyamine synthetases and S-adenosylmethionine dependent methyltransferase reactions, respectively). To further investigate regulation of AI-2 production in Salmonella , we constructed pfs and luxS promoter fusions to a luxCDABE reporter in a low-copy-number vector, allowing an examination of transcription of the genes in the pathway for signal synthesis. Here we report that luxS expression is constitutive but that the transcription of pfs is tightly correlated to AI-2 production in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium 14028. Neither luxS nor pfs expression appears to be regulated by AI-2. These results suggest that AI-2 production is regulated at the level of LuxS substrate availability and not at the level of luxS expression. Our results indicate that AI-2-dependent signaling is a reflection of metabolic state of the cell and not cell density.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.13.3450-3456.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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