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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 30-46
    In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 30-46
    Kurzfassung: Bilinguals experience emotions differently depending on which language they are speaking. Emotionally loaded words were expected to be appraised differently in the first versus the second language in Spanish–English bilinguals. Three categories of words (positive, negative, and taboo) were appraised in both languages in the visual and auditory sensory modalities. Positive word ratings were more positive in English than in Spanish. Negative words were judged as more negative in English than in Spanish. Taboo words were rated as more negative in Spanish than in English. Significant regression models were obtained for the visual and auditory positive words and auditory negative words with English and Spanish proficiency as the most significant predictors. Results support the view that there are differences in the appraisal of emotions in the two languages spoken by bilinguals; the direction of the difference depends on the emotion category of words, and it is influenced by language proficiency.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1366-7289 , 1469-1841
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 1499973-0
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 7,24
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Kurzfassung: To explore the relationship between age, education, sex, and ApoE4 (+) status to brain volume among a cohort with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Method: One hundred and twenty-three participants were stratified into Hispanic ( n = 75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH, N = 48). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with age, education, sex, and ApoE4 status as predictor variables and left and right combined MRI volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and entorhinal cortex as dependent variables. Variations in head sizes were corrected by normalization with a total intracranial volume measurement. Results: Bonferroni-corrected results indicated that when controlling for ApoE4 status, education, and age, sex was a significant predictor of hippocampal volume among the Hispanic group ( β = .000464, R 2 = .196, p 〈 .01 ) and the WNH group ( β = .000455, R 2 = .195, p 〈 .05 ). Education ( β = .000028, R 2 = .168, p 〈 .01 ) and sex ( β = .000261, R 2 = .168, p 〈 .01 ) were significant predictors of parahippocampal volume among the Hispanic MCI group when controlling for the effects of ApoE4 status and age. One-way ANCOVAs comparing hippocampal and parahippocampal volume between males and females within groups revealed that females had significantly larger hippocampal volumes ( p 〈 .05). Hispanic females had significantly larger hippocampal ( p 〈 .001) and parahippocampal ( p 〈 .05) volume compared to males. No sex differences in parahippocampal volume were noted among WNHs. Conclusions: Biological sex, rather than ApoE4 status, was a greater predictor of hippocampal volume among Hispanic and WNH females. These findings add to the mixed literature on sex differences in dementia research and highlight continued emphasis on ethnic populations to elucidate on neurodegenerative disparities.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2019-08), p. 688-698
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2019-08), p. 688-698
    Kurzfassung: Objective: Detection of cognitive impairment suggestive of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression is crucial to the prevention of incipient dementia. This study was performed to determine if performance on a novel object discrimination task improved identification of earlier deficits in older adults at risk for AD. Method: In total, 135 participants from the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center [cognitively normal (CN), Pre-mild cognitive impairment (PreMCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and dementia] completed a test of object discrimination and traditional memory measures in the context of a larger neuropsychological and clinical evaluation. Results: The Object Recognition and Discrimination Task (ORDT) revealed significant differences between the PreMCI, aMCI, and dementia groups versus CN individuals. Moreover, relative risk of being classified as PreMCI rather than CN increased as an inverse function of ORDT score. Discussion: Overall, the obtained results suggest that a novel object discrimination task improves the detection of very early AD-related cognitive impairment, increasing the window for therapeutic intervention. ( JINS , 2019, 25 , 688–698)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 6, No. 7 ( 2000-11), p. 802-814
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 6, No. 7 ( 2000-11), p. 802-814
    Kurzfassung: The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Battery (BDAE) is one of the most widely used aphasia tests worldwide. Information about general population performance, however, is limited. This paper analyzes the effects of gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), academic achievement, and occupation on the BDAE Spanish version. The BDAE was administered to a randomized sample of 156 occupationally active 19–60-year-old participants (75 male and 81 female) from two SES groups. Gender and age had a significant effect on some reading and writing subtests. Body-part naming and mechanics of writing scores were significantly decreased in the low SES group. Education had a significant impact over most of the BDAE subtests. A stepwise regression model showed that academic achievement was best able to predict the variance in BDAE scores with a low ( 〈 15%) to modest ( 〉 17%) but significant capability ( F MANOVA p 〈 .01). A factor analysis disclosed 7 factors that explained 67% of the total variance. ( JINS , 2000, 6 , 802–814.)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2000
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2016-05), p. 489-503
    In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2016-05), p. 489-503
    Kurzfassung: This study analyzed the association between levels of language proficiency and levels of bilingualism and performance on verbal and nonverbal executive functions (working memory, updating, shifting, and inhibition tasks) in young bilinguals. Forty balanced (high and low proficiency), 34 unbalanced bilinguals, and 40 English monolinguals, were selected. The Bilingual Verbal Ability Test was used as a measure of language proficiency; WAIS Block design test was used as a measure of non-verbal intelligence. High proficiency balanced bilinguals performed better than low proficiency balanced bilinguals; unbalanced bilinguals scored in between both balanced groups. High proficiency monolinguals scored higher than low proficiency monolinguals and similar to high proficiency bilinguals. Regression analyses demonstrated that nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted performances on verbal working memory and verbal and nonverbal inhibition tasks. It was concluded that nonverbal intelligence scores are better predictors of executive function performance than bilingualism or language proficiency.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1366-7289 , 1469-1841
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 1499973-0
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 7,24
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  • 6
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 1999-07), p. 413-433
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 1999-07), p. 413-433
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this research was to develop, standardize, and test the reliability of a short neuropsychological test battery in the Spanish language. This neuropsychological battery was named “NEUROPSI,” and was developed to assess briefly a wide spectrum of cognitive functions, including orientation, attention, memory, language, visuoperceptual abilities, and executive functions. The NEUROPSI includes items that are relevant for Spanish-speaking communities. It can be applied to illiterates and low educational groups. Administration time is 25 to 30 min. Normative data were collected from 800 monolingual Spanish-speaking individuals, ages 16 to 85 years. Four age groups were used: (1) 16 to 30 years, (2) 31 to 50 years, (3) 51 to 65 years, and (4) 66 to 85 years. Data also are analyzed and presented within 4 different educational levels that were represented in this sample: (1) illiterates (zero years of school); (2) 1 to 4 years of school; (2) 5 to 9 years of school; and (3) 10 or more years of formal education. The effects of age and education, as well as the factor structure of the NEUROPSI are analyzed. The NEUROPSI may fulfill the need for brief, reliable, and objective evaluation of a broad range of cognitive functions in Spanish-speaking populations. ( JINS , 1999, 5 , 413–433.)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 176-187
    Kurzfassung: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence and severity of potential cultural and language bias in widely used cognitive and other assessment instruments, using structural MRI measures of neurodegeneration as biomarkers of disease stage and severity. Methods: Hispanic ( n =75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) ( n =90) subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild dementia. Performance on the culture-fair and educationally fair Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) between Hispanics and WNHs was equivalent, in each diagnostic group. Volumetric and visually rated measures of the hippocampus entorhinal cortex, and inferior lateral ventricles (ILV) were measured on structural MRI scans for all subjects. A series of analyses of covariance, controlling for age, depression, and education, were conducted to compare the level of neurodegeneration on these MRI measures between Hispanics and WNHs in each diagnostic group. Results: Among both Hispanics and WNH groups there was a progressive decrease in volume of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and an increase in volume of the ILV (indicating increasing atrophy in the regions surrounding the ILV) from CN to aMCI to mild dementia. For equivalent levels of performance on the FOME and CDR, WNHs had greater levels of neurodegeneration than did Hispanic subjects. Conclusions: Atrophy in medial temporal regions was found to be greater among WNH than Hispanic diagnostic groups, despite the lack of statistical differences in cognitive performance between these two ethnic groups. Presumably, unmeasured factors result in better cognitive performance among WNH than Hispanics for a given level of neurodegeneration. ( JINS , 2018, 24 , 176–187)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 15-28
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 15-28
    Kurzfassung: Objectives: Maintaining two active languages may increase cognitive and brain reserve among bilingual individuals. We explored whether such a neuroprotective effect was manifested in the performance of memory tests for participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: We compared 42 bilinguals to 25 monolinguals on verbal and nonverbal memory tests. We used: (a) the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), a sensitive test that taps into proactive, retroactive, and recovery from proactive semantic interference (verbal memory), and (b) the Benson Figure delayed recall (nonverbal memory). A subsample had volumetric MRI scans. Results: The bilingual group significantly outperformed the monolingual group on two LASSI-L cued recall measures (Cued A2 and Cued B2). A measure of maximum learning (Cued A2) showed a correlation with the volume of the left hippocampus in the bilingual group only. Cued B2 recall (sensitive to recovery from proactive semantic interference) was correlated with the volume of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres in the bilingual group, as well as with the left and right hippocampus in the monolingual group. The memory advantage in bilinguals on these measures was associated with higher inhibitory control as measured by the Stroop Color-Word test. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated a superior performance of aMCI bilinguals over aMCI monolinguals on selected verbal memory tasks. This advantage was not observed in nonverbal memory. Superior memory performance of bilinguals over monolinguals suggests that bilinguals develop a different and perhaps more efficient semantic association system that influences verbal recall. ( JINS , 2019, 25, 15–28)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
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    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2002-09), p. 819-827
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2002-09), p. 819-827
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Spanish–English bilinguals on the Golden Stroop Test. The effects of bilingualism, participants' age, age of acquisition of the second language, and proficiency in each language were analyzed. Participants consisted of 71 Spanish–English bilinguals, 40 English monolinguals, and 11 Spanish monolinguals from South Florida. Proficiency in Spanish and English was established using a self-report questionnaire and the English and Spanish versions of the Boston Naming Test. In bilinguals, the Golden Stroop Test was administered in English and in Spanish. Overall, performance was slower in bilinguals than in monolinguals. No significant differences were observed in color reading but bilinguals performed worse in the naming color condition. Even though bilinguals were 5% to 10% slower in the color–word condition, one-way ANOVAs revealed no statistically significant differences between groups. Within the bilingual group, the Stroop Test scores were similar in both English and Spanish. Age of acquisition of the second language did not predict the Stroop Test performance. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant interaction between Language Proficiency × Language (in which the test was administered) in some of the ST conditions. In balanced bilinguals, the language used in the ST did not matter, but in unbalanced subjects, the best-spoken language showed better results. In addition, our results support the presence of both between- and within-language interference in Spanish–English bilinguals. Different conceptualization models of the structure of bilingual memory are disclosed. ( JINS , 2002, 8 , 819–827.)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2002
    ZDB Id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
    In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 337-356
    Kurzfassung: We examined the association between bilingualism, executive function (EF), and brain volume in older monolinguals and bilinguals who spoke English, Spanish, or both, and were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Gray matter volume (GMV) was higher in language and EF brain regions among bilinguals, but no differences were found in memory regions. Neuropsychological performance did not vary across language groups over time; however, bilinguals exhibited reduced Stroop interference and lower scores on Digit Span Backwards and category fluency. Higher scores on Digit Span Backwards were associated with a younger age of English acquisition, and a greater degree of balanced bilingualism was associated with lower scores in category fluency. The initial age of cognitive decline did not differ between language groups. The influence of bilingualism appears to be reflected in increased GMV in language and EF regions, and to a lesser degree, in EF.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1366-7289 , 1469-1841
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 1499973-0
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 7,24
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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