X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biocrust-linked changes in soil aggregate stability along a climatic gradient in the Chilean Coastal Range
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  SOIL Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2022-12-07), p. 717-731
    Details
    In: SOIL, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2022-12-07), p. 717-731
    Abstract: Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) composed of cyanobacteria, bacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes stabilize the soil surface. This effect has mainly been studied in arid climates, where biocrusts constitute the main biological agent to stabilize and connect soil aggregates. Besides, biocrusts are an integral part of the soil surface under Mediterranean and humid climate conditions, mainly covering open spaces in forests and on denuded lands. They often develop after vegetation disturbances, when their ability to compete with vascular plants increases, acting as pioneer communities and affecting the stability of soil aggregates. To better understand how biocrusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability under different climate conditions, we analyzed soil aggregate samples collected under biocrust communities from four national parks in Chile along a large climatic gradient ranging from (north to south) arid (Pan de Azúcar, PA), semi-arid (Santa Gracia, SG), Mediterranean (La Campana, LC) to humid (Nahuelbuta, NA). Biocrust communities showed a stabilizing effect on the soil aggregates in dry fractions for the three northern sites and the wet aggregates for the southernmost site. Here, permanent vascular plants and higher contents of organic carbon and nitrogen in the soil control aggregate stability more than biocrusts, which are in intense competition with higher plant communities. Moreover, we found an increase in stability for aggregate size classes 〈 2.0 and 9.5–30.0 mm. The geometric mean diameter of the soil aggregates showed a clear effect due to the climatic gradient, indicating that the aggregate stability presents a log-normal instead of a normal distribution, with a trend of low change between aggregate size fractions. Based on our results, we assume that biocrusts affect the soil structure in all climates. Their role in aggregate stability is masked under humid conditions by higher vegetation and organic matter contents in the topsoil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2199-398X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/soil-8-717-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834892-8
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The density–salinity relation of standard seawater
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2018-01-04), p. 15-40
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2018-01-04), p. 15-40
    Abstract: Abstract. The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m−3 is mandatory. We present a new density–salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-14-15-2018
    DOI: 10.5194/os-14-15-2018-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bryophyte-dominated biological soil crusts mitigate soil erosion in an early successional Chinese subtropical forest
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2017-12-22), p. 5775-5788
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2017-12-22), p. 5775-5788
    Abstract: Abstract. This study investigated the development of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) in an early successional subtropical forest plantation and their impact on soil erosion. Within a biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in southeast China (biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) China), the effect of these biocrusts on sediment delivery and runoff was assessed within micro-scale runoff plots under natural rainfall, and biocrust cover was surveyed over a 5-year period. Results showed that biocrusts occurred widely in the experimental forest ecosystem and developed from initial light cyanobacteria- and algae-dominated crusts to later-stage bryophyte-dominated crusts within only 3 years. Biocrust cover was still increasing after 6 years of tree growth. Within later-stage crusts, 25 bryophyte species were determined. Surrounding vegetation cover and terrain attributes significantly influenced the development of biocrusts. Besides high crown cover and leaf area index, the development of biocrusts was favoured by low slope gradients, slope orientations towards the incident sunlight and the altitude of the research plots. Measurements showed that bryophyte-dominated biocrusts strongly decreased soil erosion, being more effective than abiotic soil surface cover. Hence, their significant role in mitigating sediment delivery and runoff generation in mesic forest environments and their ability to quickly colonise soil surfaces after disturbance are of particular interest for soil erosion control in early-stage forest plantations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-5775-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pioneer biocrust communities prevent soil erosion in temperate forests after disturbances
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-07-11), p. 3225-3245
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-07-11), p. 3225-3245
    Abstract: Abstract. Soil erosion continues to be one of the most serious environmental problems of our time and is exacerbated by progressive climate change. Until now, forests have been considered an ideal erosion control. However, even minor disturbances of the forest floor, for example, from heavy vehicles used for timber harvesting, can cause substantial sediment transport. An important countermeasure is the quick restoration of the uncovered soil surface by vegetation. To date, very little attention has been paid to the development of nonvascular plants, such as bryophytes, in disturbed areas of temperate forests and their impact on soil erosion. This study examined the natural succession of pioneer vegetation in skid trails on four soil substrates in a central European temperate forest and investigated their influence on soil erosion. For this purpose, rainfall simulations were conducted on small-scale runoff plots, and vegetation was continuously surveyed during the same period, primarily to map the development of bryophytes and the occurrence of biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Biocrusts appeared immediately after disturbance, consisting primarily of bryophyte protonemata and cyanobacteria as well as coccoid and filamentous algae that lost their biocrust characteristics as succession progressed. They were present from April to July 2019, with a particular expression in the skid trail that was on shale clay (Psilonotenton Formation) and silty clay loam substrate. In general, skid trails on clayey substrates showed considerably higher bryophyte cover and species richness. Although bryophytes were subsequently overtopped by vascular plants, they managed to coexist until their growth was restricted due to leaf litter fall. Brachythecium rutabulum and Oxyrrhynchium hians were the most important and persistent pioneer bryophyte species, while Dicranella schreberiana and Pohlia lutescens were volatile and quickly disappeared after spreading in the summer. Sediment discharge was 22 times higher on disturbed bare soil compared with undisturbed forest soil and showed the largest sediment removal in the wheel tracks. Counteracting this, soil erosion decreased with the recovery of surface vegetation and was particularly reduced with growing pioneer biocrusts in summer, but it again increased in winter, when vascular vegetation became dominant. This leads to the conclusion that the role of bryophyte-dominated biocrusts in forests has been underestimated so far, and they can contribute more to soil conservation at specific times of succession than vascular plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rainfall redistribution in subtropical Chinese forests changes over 22 years
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2024
    In:  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Vol. 28, No. 16 ( 2024-08-23), p. 3837-3854
    Details
    In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 28, No. 16 ( 2024-08-23), p. 3837-3854
    Abstract: Abstract. Rainfall redistribution through the vegetation canopy plays a key role in the hydrological cycle. Although there have been studies on the heterogeneous patterns of rainfall redistribution in some ecosystems, the understanding of this process in different stages of forest succession remains insufficient. Therefore, this study investigated the change tendency in rainfall redistribution and rainwater chemistry in a subtropical forest succession in South China, based on 22 years (2001–2022) of rainfall monitoring (740 valid events). Results showed that, at the event scale, both the throughfall ratio and the stemflow ratio in pine forest (PF) were higher than in mixed forest (MF) and broadleaf forest (BF). At the interannual scale, throughfall and stemflow of forests experienced an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase over the entire measurement period (except stemflow of the pine forest), which reflects the trend in open rainfall. The variability in throughfall showed an increase from MF to PF to BF, and the variability in stemflow likewise showed an increase from MF to PF to BF. Changes in throughfall and stemflow in the BF are thus higher than those in the MF and PF over time. Furthermore, important differences in rainwater chemistry fluxes among the three forest types were found, changing in varying order over time. On average, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) fluxes of throughfall increased from BF to MF to PF, while the potassium (K+) flux of throughfall showed a decrease from BF to MF to PF. Stemflow chemical fluxes varied less among forest types and over time, although tree species most importantly affected varying stemflow chemistry. These results show important changes in patterns of rainfall redistribution over time and that characteristic variations are driven by rainfall and forest factors. Therefore, this study provides insight into long-term rainfall redistribution processes by linking changes in rainfall spectra with a typical subtropical forest succession sequence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1607-7938
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/hess-28-3837-2024
    DOI: 10.5194/hess-28-3837-2024-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2100610-6
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glass electrode half-cells for measuring unified pH in ethanol–water mixtures
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-11-11), p. 383-389
    Details
    In: Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-11-11), p. 383-389
    Abstract: Abstract. The acidities of any given solvent or mixtures thereof can be compared by pH measurements on a unified scale, so-called pHabsH2O measurements. The method is quite new and has not been characterized with respect to metrological criteria to date. Metal solid-contact glass electrode half-cells, three commercial, conventional glass electrode half-cells with inner liquid filling and one pair of combined electrodes were used to investigate the stability of the measurement and the reproducibility of pHabsH2O results of ethanol mixtures with water. All electrodes are suitable for unified acidity measurements in standard aqueous buffers. In ethanol mixtures, the combined electrodes were found to be unsuitable. The half-cell electrodes can be reasonably used only in buffered solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2194-878X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/jsss-9-383-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/jsss-9-383-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733700-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Availability (electronic / print)
Nothing or not found what you are looking for? Please check your search query or use the Interlibrary Loan Search.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. Further information can be found on the KOBV privacy pages