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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Changes in Genetic Diversity, Structure, and Gene Flow in a Passerine Experiencing a Rapid Population Decline, the Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diversity Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-15), p. 1120-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-15), p. 1120-
    Abstract: Monitoring temporal dynamics in genetic diversity is of great importance for conservation, especially for threatened species that are suffering a rapid population decline and increased fragmentation. Here, we investigate temporal variation in genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow in the Dupont’s lark (Chersophilus duponti) across most of its range. This species shows increasing levels of population fragmentation, substantial population declines, and severe range contraction, so temporal losses of genetic diversity, increasing differentiation, and decreasing gene flow are expected when comparing present day data with previous situations. To address this, we resampled sites (nine regions in two countries) after 12–15 years (five-to-seven generations) and assessed changes in genetic parameters using 11 microsatellite markers. We found no substantial loss in genetic diversity over time at the species level, but we detected considerable variation among regions in the amount of allelic diversity and heterozygosity lost over time. Temporal variation in allele frequencies (common, rare, and private alleles), and changes in genetic differentiation and gene flow over time suggest a major role of connectivity for the stability of the overall metapopulation. Our results agree with the hypothesis that connectivity rescues genetic diversity via immigration and gene flow. However, evidence of recent genetic bottleneck and the substantial changes detected in some regions are clear signs of genetic erosion and may be signalling a rapid decline of the populations. Urgent actions must be carried out to stop and reverse human impacts on this threatened lark and its habitat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d14121120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Virtual Reality Training Application for the Condition-Based Maintenance of Induction Motors
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 414-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 414-
    Abstract: The incorporation of new technologies as training methods, such as virtual reality (VR), facilitates instruction when compared to traditional approaches, which have shown strong limitations in their ability to engage young students who have grown up in the smartphone culture of continuous entertainment. Moreover, not all educational centers or organizations are able to incorporate specialized labs or equipment for training and instruction. Using VR applications, it is possible to reproduce training programs with a high rate of similarity to real programs, filling the gap in traditional training. In addition, it reduces unnecessary investment and prevents economic losses, avoiding unnecessary damage to laboratory equipment. The contribution of this work focuses on the development of a VR-based teaching and training application for the condition-based maintenance of induction motors. The novelty of this research relies mainly on the use of natural interactions with the VR environment and the design’s optimization of the VR application in terms of the proposed teaching topics. The application is comprised of two training modules. The first module is focused on the main components of induction motors, the assembly of workbenches and familiarization with induction motor components. The second module employs motor current signature analysis (MCSA) to detect induction motor failures, such as broken rotor bars, misalignments, unbalances, and gradual wear on gear case teeth. Finally, the usability of this VR tool has been validated with both graduate and undergraduate students, assuring the suitability of this tool for: (1) learning basic knowledge and (2) training in practical skills related to the condition-based maintenance of induction motors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12010414
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting Using the D-Root Device and Optimization for Scarce and/or Non-Accessible Root Cell Populations
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 499-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 499-
    Abstract: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique used to isolate specific cell populations based on characteristics detected by flow cytometry. FACS has been broadly used in transcriptomic analyses of individual cell types during development or under different environmental conditions. Different protoplast extraction protocols are available for plant roots; however, they were designed for accessible cell populations, which normally were grown in the presence of light, a non-natural and stressful environment for roots. Here, we report a protocol using FACS to isolate root protoplasts from Arabidopsis green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked lines using the minimum number of enzymes necessary for an optimal yield, and with the root system grown in darkness in the D-Root device. This device mimics natural conditions as the shoot grows in the presence of light while the roots grow in darkness. In addition, we optimized this protocol for specific patterns of scarce cell types inside more differentiated tissues using the mCherry fluorescent protein. We provide detailed experimental protocols for effective protoplasting, subsequent purification through FACS, and RNA extraction. Using this RNA, we generated cDNA and sequencing libraries, proving that our methods can be used for genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of any cell-type from roots grown in darkness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9040499
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oil Recovery from Palm Kernel Meal Using Subcritical Water Extraction in a Stirred Tank Reactor
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Processes Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2019-11-02), p. 797-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2019-11-02), p. 797-
    Abstract: Palm kernel meal (PKM) is one of the main byproducts of the oil palm industry. PKM can be obtained as the result of solvent or mechanical extraction of palm kernel oil; in both cases, meal has a remaining oil content that could be recovered. In this work, PKM coming from a mechanical pressing extraction system with an initial oil content between 7 to 8% (wt.) was treated with subcritical water in a batch stirred reactor. To find the proper operational conditions, a three-step experimental process was performed. Extraction temperature, reaction time, particle size and alkaline catalyst usage were selected as process factors. After subcritical extraction, the system was cooled down and depressurized; then oil phase was separated by centrifugation. After extraction, meal was oven-dried at 80 °C. A maximum recovery of 0.034 kg-oil/kg-meal was obtained at 423 K, 720 s and particles smaller than 0.001 m. The experimental procedure showed consistent extraction yields of 40% without modifying the quality of the obtained oil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr7110797
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Selection, Sizing, and Modeling of a Trickle Bed Reactor to Produce 1,2 Propanediol from Biodiesel Glycerol Residue
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Processes Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-08), p. 479-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-08), p. 479-
    Abstract: Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2 propanediol, is one of the most important chemicals in the industry. It is a water-soluble liquid, considered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as safe to manufacture consumer products, including foodstuffs, medicines, and cosmetics. This chemical has essential properties, such as solvent, moisturizer, or antifreeze, in addition to a low level of toxicity. This paper aims to present the selection, simulation, and dimensioning of a trickle bed reactor at a laboratory scale. The sizing was validated with other authors. Two predictive models have been considered for reactor modeling, intrinsic kinetics and coupled intrinsic kinetics, along with mass transfer equations and the wetting of the catalyst particles. The model was implemented using Aspen Custom Modeler® (20 Crosby Dr. Bedford, MA 01730, EE. UU.) to study the reactor behavior in terms of conversion. The results show the profiles of different variables throughout the reactor and present higher glycerol conversion when mass transfer is added to the model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr9030479
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Different Freezing Treatments during the Winemaking of a Varietal White Wine with Regard to Its Phenolic Components
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-11), p. 1963-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-11), p. 1963-
    Abstract: In white wine production, the technique consisting of freezing whole or crushed grapes usually increases the levels of aroma-related compounds in the final wine products. However, this technique may affect phenolic compounds, among other chemical compounds. Phenolic compounds are crucial to white wines because of their susceptibility to oxidation and their role with regard to color stability. In this study, white wines made from Muscat of Alexandria grapes were subjected to two different freezing techniques: whole-bunch freezing and crushed-grape freezing. In addition, a pre-fermentative maceration was applied to each experiment in order to determine if the effects of freezing were comparable to those of maceration. The phenolic compounds studied were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, trans-coutaric acid, and epicatechin, which are the key compounds from the point of view of wine stability. The freezing of crushed grapes enhanced the extraction of phenolic compounds in comparison to the freezing of whole bunches of grapes without pre-fermentative maceration. On the other hand, the effect of pre-fermentative maceration was comparable to that resulting from freezing crushed grapes. This step made the must from whole frozen grapes having even larger levels of phenolic compounds. Without pre-fermentative maceration, freezing whole bunches of grapes only allowed a moderate extraction of phenolic compounds and produced wines with lower individual phenolic contents than those obtained through traditional winemaking procedures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12101963
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Changes in Saliva and Serum Proteins of Pigs with Septic and Non-Septic Inflammation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-16), p. 6738-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-16), p. 6738-
    Abstract: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by an infectious agent and is recognized by the World Health Organization as a global concern, since it is one of the major causes of severe illness in humans and animals. The study of the changes that can occur in saliva and serum in sepsis can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the process and also to discover potential biomarkers that can help in its diagnosis and monitoring. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes that occur in the salivary and serum proteome of pigs with experimentally-induced sepsis. The study included five pigs with sepsis induced by LPS administration and five pigs with non-septic inflammation induced by turpentine for comparative purposes. In saliva, there were eighteen salivary proteins differentially expressed in the sepsis condition and nine in non-septic inflammation. Among these, significant increments in aldolase A and serpin B12 only occurred in the sepsis model. Changes in aldolase A were validated in a larger population of pigs with sepsis due to Streptococcus suis infection. In serum, there were 30 proteins differentially expressed in sepsis group and 26 proteins in the non-septic group, and most of the proteins that changed in both groups were related to non-specific inflammation. In the saliva of the septic animals there were some specific pathways activated, such as the organonitrogen compound metabolic process and lipid transport, whereas, in the serum, one of the main activated pathways was the regulation of protein secretion. Overall, saliva and serum showed different proteome variations in response to septic inflammation and could provide complementary information about the pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in this condition. Additionally, salivary aldolase A could be a potential biomarker of sepsis in pigs that should be confirmed in a larger population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126738
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Range Contraction and Population Decline of the European Dupont’s Lark Population
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-08-14), p. 928-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-08-14), p. 928-
    Abstract: The Dupont’s lark (Chersophilus duponti) is an endangered passerine typical of Mediterranean shrub-steppes, whose European distribution is restricted to Spain. Here, we update the population size and distribution range of the species at a European scale and evaluate (i) the current status; (ii) the change in population size and distribution range of the species from 2004 to 2009 to the current period (2017–2022); and (iii) the effectiveness of the current network of special protection areas (SPAs) for protecting the Dupont’s lark. The European Dupont’s lark population showed a decrease of 29.9%, declining from ca. 3267 to 2289 territorial males from 2004 to 2009 to the current period. Moreover, the species has suffered a contraction in its distribution range of 35.9%, with only 39.3% of the species’ territories located within the current network of SPAs. Our findings agree with the previously described decline of the Dupont’s lark in Europe. The population decline was even larger in peripheral regions, which suggests that the species is suffering a centripetal process of contraction and extinction. These results indicate that if there is no change in present-day declining forces, several peripheral populations will reach extinction in a few decades and the overall population size of the species will continue decreasing. Our study should be considered as a last call for action and used for implementing urgent conservation measures to protect the species and its habitat. Future studies should focus on analyzing and managing the factors driving the species’ extinction and future actions for the conservation of the species should focus on increasing the percentage of the Dupont’s lark territories within protected areas, since the data are alarmingly low for a species that is facing clear risk of extinction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15080928
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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