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  • MDPI AG  (440)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Rate Layered Cathode of Lithium-Ion Batteries through Regulating Three-Dimensional Agglomerated Structure
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1602-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1602-
    Abstract: LiNixCoyMnzO2 (LNCM)-layered materials are considered the most promising cathode for high-energy lithium ion batteries, but suffer from poor rate capability and short lifecycle. In addition, the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM 111) is considered one of the most widely used LNCM cathodes because of its high energy density and good safety. Herein, a kind of NCM 111 with semi-closed structure was designed by controlling the amount of urea, which possesses high rate capability and long lifespan, exhibiting 140.9 mAh·g−1 at 0.85 A·g−1 and 114.3 mAh·g−1 at 1.70 A·g−1, respectively. The semi-closed structure is conducive to the infiltration of electrolytes and fast lithium ion-transfer inside the electrode material, thus improving the rate performance of the battery. Our work may provide an effective strategy for designing layered-cathode materials with high rate capability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13071602
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Operating and Thermal Efficiency Boundary Expansion of Argon Power Cycle Hydrogen Engine
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 1850-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 1850-
    Abstract: The efficiency enhancement of argon power cycle engines through theoretical means has been substantiated. However, the escalation of in-cylinder temperatures engenders abnormal combustion phenomena, impeding the augmentation of compression ratios and practical efficiency. This study presents a comprehensive investigation employing experimental and simulation techniques, aiming to extend the boundaries of thermal efficiency and operational capabilities for hydrogen-powered argon cycle engines. The impact of hydrogen direct injection, intake boost, and port water injection is evaluated in conjunction with an argon power cycle hydrogen engine. The hydrogen direct injection, particularly at an engine speed of 1000 rpm, significantly increases the indicated mean effective pressure from 0.39 MPa to 0.72 Mpa, surpassing the performance of the port hydrogen injection. Manipulating the hydrogen direct injection timing results in the formation of a stratified mixture, effectively attenuating the combustion rate, and resolving the issue of excessively rapid hydrogen combustion within an Ar/O2 environment. The implementation of super lean combustion, combined with intake-boosting, achieves a maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency of 57.89%. Furthermore, the port water injection proves to be an effective measure against knock, broadening the operational range of intake-boosted conditions. Notably, the maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency recorded for the port water injection group under intake-boosted conditions reaches 59.35%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11061850
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image Stitching Based on Nonrigid Warping for Urban Scene
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2020-12-09), p. 7050-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2020-12-09), p. 7050-
    Abstract: Image stitching based on a global alignment model is widely used in computer vision. However, the resulting stitched image may look blurry or ghosted due to parallax. To solve this problem, we propose a parallax-tolerant image stitching method based on nonrigid warping in this paper. Given a group of putative feature correspondences between overlapping images, we first use a semiparametric function fitting, which introduces a motion coherence constraint to remove outliers. Then, the input images are warped according to a nonrigid warp model based on Gaussian radial basis functions. The nonrigid warping is a kind of elastic deformation that is flexible and smooth enough to eliminate moderate parallax errors. This leads to high-precision alignment in the overlapped region. For the nonoverlapping region, we use a rigid similarity model to reduce distortion. Through effective transition, the nonrigid warping of the overlapped region and the rigid warping of the nonoverlapping region can be used jointly. Our method can obtain more accurate local alignment while maintaining the overall shape of the image. Experimental results on several challenging data sets for urban scene show that the proposed approach is better than state-of-the-art approaches in both qualitative and quantitative indicators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20247050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detecting Matching Blunders of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images via Graph Theory
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 13 ( 2020-07-02), p. 3712-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 13 ( 2020-07-02), p. 3712-
    Abstract: Large radiometric and geometric distortion in multi-source images leads to fewer matching points with high matching blunder ratios, and global geometric relationship models between multi-sensor images are inexplicit. Thus, traditional matching blunder detection methods cannot work effectively. To address this problem, we propose two matching blunder detection methods based on graph theory. The proposed methods can build statistically significant clusters in the case of few matching points with high matching blunder ratios, and use local geometric similarity constraints to detect matching blunders when the global geometric relationship is not explicit. The first method (named the complete graph-based method) uses clusters constructed by matched triangles in complete graphs to encode the local geometric similarity of images, and it can detect matching blunders effectively without considering the global geometric relationship. The second method uses the triangular irregular network (TIN) graph to approximate a complete graph to reduce to computational complexity of the first method. We name this the TIN graph-based method. Experiments show that the two graph-based methods outperform the classical random sample consensus (RANSAC)-based method in recognition rate, false rate, number of remaining matching point pairs, dispersion, positional accuracy in simulated and real data (image pairs from Gaofen1, near infrared ray of Gaofen1, Gaofen2, panchromatic Landsat, Ziyuan3, Jilin1and unmanned aerial vehicle). Notably, in most cases, the mean false rates of RANSAC, the complete graph-based method and the TIN graph-based method in simulated data experiments are 0.50, 0.26 and 0.14, respectively. In addition, the mean positional accuracy (RMSE measured in units of pixels) of the three methods is 2.6, 1.4 and 1.5 in real data experiments, respectively. Furthermore, when matching blunder ratio is no higher than 50%, the computation time of the TIN graph-based method is nearly equal to that of the RANSAC-based method, and roughly 2 to 40 times less than that of the complete graph-based method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20133712
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1842-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1842-
    Abstract: Sophora tonkinensi is a shrub of the genus Sophora in the family Fabaceae with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. While the cultivation, chemical makeup, and medicinal properties of S. tonkinensis have been reported, the physiological mechanisms governing its dehydration and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein expression characteristics of S. tonkinensis seeds subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation techniques via the observation of cell microstructure, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that the seeds possessed a certain level of tolerance to dehydration. The highest germination percentage of 83.0% was observed after 2 h of dehydration (10.1% water content), which was identified as the optimal time point for cryopreservation. However, the germination percentage was reduced to only 30.5% when the water content reached 5.4%, indicating that S. tonkinensis seeds exhibit intermediate storage behavior. Further investigation revealed that during seed dehydration and cryopreservation treatment, liposomes were gradually and highly fused, whereas the activities of ROS scavenging and stress defense were significantly enhanced. During dehydration, the seed tissues formed a protective mechanism of stress resistance based on protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant system, which was related to the dehydration tolerance. Moreover, only three differentially expressed LEA proteins were identified, and it is speculated that the strengthening of intracellular metabolism and the absence of specific LEA and dehydrins could be crucial factors for the reduced germination percentage after excessive dehydration and cryopreservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12091842
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Populus euphratica JRL Mediates ABA Response, Ionic and ROS Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Salt Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 815-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 815-
    Abstract: Sodium chloride (NaCl) induced expression of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin (JRL) gene in leaves, roots, and callus cultures of Populus euphratica (salt-resistant poplar). To explore the mechanism of the PeJRL in salinity tolerance, the full length of PeJRL was cloned from P. euphratica and was transformed into Arabidopsis. PeJRL was localized to the cytoplasm in mesophyll cells. Overexpression of PeJRL in Arabidopsis significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants, in terms of seed germination, root growth, and electrolyte leakage during seedling establishment. Under NaCl stress, transgenic plants retained K+ and limited the accumulation of Na+. PeJRL-transgenic lines increased Na+ extrusion, which was associated with the upward regulation of SOS1, AHA1, and AHA2 genes encoding plasma membrane Na+/proton (H+) antiporter and H+-pumps. The activated H+-ATPases in PeJRL-overexpressed plants restricted the channel-mediated loss of K+ that was activated by NaCl-induced depolarization. Under salt stress, PeJRL–transgenic Arabidopsis maintained reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by activating the antioxidant enzymes and reducing the production of O2− through downregulation of NADPH oxidases. Of note, the PeJRL-transgenic Arabidopsis repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, thus reducing the ABA-elicited ROS production and the oxidative damage during the period of salt stress. A schematic model was proposed to show the mediation of PeJRL on ABA response, and ionic and ROS homeostasis under NaCl stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040815
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and Analysis of Guidance Function of Permanent Magnet Electrodynamic Suspension
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Technologies Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 3-
    Details
    In: Technologies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 3-
    Abstract: Inspired by the guidance principle in the electromagnetic levitation system, a new permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension (PM EDS) structure with ferromagnetic guidance track is proposed and analyzed in this paper. Considering the lack of effective guidance ability for the PM EDS system, we adopted the ferromagnetic guidance track as being mounted under the conductor plate. The guidance principle is studied and the implementation of the guidance function is also introduced, and the finite element method (FEM) is employed and its accuracy is confirmed via the PM EDS high-speed rotating experimental platform fabricated in our laboratory. The influence of longitudinal speed on the guidance force is taken into account, which shows that the guidance performance is enhanced more obviously at low speeds. Moreover, the influence of the guidance track parameters on the guidance performance is also analyzed, including the geometric parameters, section shape, installation position and material. The equivalent small-scale PM EDS system experimental prototype is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the ferromagnetic guidance. The proposed ferromagnetic guidance structure is demonstrated to improve the guidance performance of the PM EDS system effectively, which will offer a technical reference for the practical engineering application of the PM EDS system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7080
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/technologies11010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703026-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Seed Responding to Aging
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-06-27), p. 1353-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-06-27), p. 1353-
    Abstract: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Hu and W. C. Cheng, as the only surviving relict species of the Taxodiaceae Metasequoia genus, is a critically endangered and protected species in China. There is a risk of extinction due to the low vigor of M. glyptostroboides seeds, and the physiological mechanism of seed aging in M. glyptostroboides is not yet clear. In order to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process of M. glyptostroboides seeds, we analyzed the antioxidant system and transcriptome at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after artificial accelerated aging treatment at 40 °C and 100% relative humidity. It was found that the germination percentage of fresh dried M. glyptostroboides seeds was 54 ± 5.29%, and significantly declined to 9.33 ± 1.88% after 6 days of aging, and then gradually decreased until the seed died on day 8. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide anion (O2·−) content and production rate significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activity gradually increased during the aging process. A total of 42,189 unigenes were identified in the whole transcriptome, and 40,446 (95.86%) unigenes were annotated in at least one protein database. A total of 15,376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained; KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that seed aging may be mainly involved in the protein-processing pathways in endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the dark magenta, orange, and medium purple modules were highly correlated with physiological indicators such as SOD, CAT, and GSH and further identified 40 hub genes such as Rboh, ACO, HSF, and CML as playing important roles in the antioxidant network of M. glyptostroboides seeds. These findings provide a broader perspective for studying the regulatory mechanism of seed aging and a large number of potential target genes for the breeding of other endangered gymnosperms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antiviral Activity of Porcine IFN-λ3 and IFN-α against Porcine Rotavirus In Vitro
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-18), p. 4575-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-18), p. 4575-
    Abstract: Interferons (IFNs) play a major role in the host’s antiviral innate immunity. In response to viral infection, IFNs bind their receptors and initiate a signaling cascade, leading to the accurate transcriptional regulation of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) belongs to genus Rotavirus of the Reoviridae family; the infection is a global epidemic disease and a major threat to the pig industry. In this study, we found that IFN-λ3 inhibited the replication of PoRV in both MA104 cells and IPEC-J2 cells, and this inhibition was dose-dependent. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of IFN-λ3 was more potent in IPEC-J2 cells than in MA104 cells. Further research showed that IFN-λ3 and IFN-α might inhibit PoRV infection by activating ISGs, i.e., MxA, OASL and ISG15, in IPEC-J2 cells. However, the co-treatment of IFN-λ3 and IFN-α did not enhance the antiviral activity. Our data demonstrated that IFN-λ3 had antiviral activity against PoRV and may serve as a useful antiviral candidate against PoRV, as well as other viruses in swine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144575
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Populus euphratica Apyrases Increase Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Aperture in Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-13), p. 9892-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-13), p. 9892-
    Abstract: Stomatal regulation is crucial to reduce water consumption under drought conditions. Extracellular ATP (eATP) serves as a signaling agent in stomatal regulation; however, it is less known whether the eATP mediation of stomatal aperture is linked to apyrases (APYs), the principal enzymes that control the concentration of eATP. To clarify the role of APYs in stomatal control, PeAPY1 and PeAPY2 were isolated from Populus euphratica and transferred into Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild-type Arabidopsis and loss-of-function mutants (Atapy1 and Atapy2), PeAPY1- and PeAPY2-transgenic plants decreased stomatal aperture under mannitol treatment (200 mM, 2 h) and reduced water loss during air exposure (90 min). The role of apyrase in stomatal regulation resulted from its control in eATP-regulated stomatal movements and increased stomatal sensitivity to ABA. The bi-phasic dose-responses to applied nucleotides, i.e., the low ATP (0.3–1.0 mM)-promoted opening and high ATP ( 〉 2.0 mM)-promoted closure, were both restricted by P. euphratica apyrases. It is noteworthy that eATP at a low concentration (0.3 mM) counteracted ABA action in the regulation of stomatal aperture, while overexpression of PeAPY1 or PeAPY2 effectively diminished eATP promotion in opening, and consequently enhanced ABA action in closure. We postulate a speculative model of apyrase signaling in eATP- and ABA-regulated stomatal movements under drought.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189892
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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