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  • MDPI AG  (13)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Novel Vibrio parahaemolyticus Phage vB_VpaP_DE10
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-23), p. 1609-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-23), p. 1609-
    Abstract: In the present study, a novel lytic Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage, vB_VpaP_DE10, was isolated from sewage samples collected in Guangzhou city, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage vB_VpaP_DE10 has an icosahedral head (52.4 ± 2.5 nm) and a short non-contracted tail (21.9 ± 1.0 nm). Phage vB_VpaP_DE10 lysed approximately 31% (8/26) of the antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains tested. A one-step growth curve showed that phage vB_VpaP_DE10 has a relatively long latency time of 25 min and a burst size of ~19 PFU per cell. The genome of phage vB_VpaP_DE10 is a 42,871-bp-long dsDNA molecule with a G + C content of 49.19% and is predicted to contain 46 open reading frames, 26 of which are predicted to be related to functions such as phage structure, packaging, host lysis, and DNA metabolism. Sequence comparisons suggested that vB_VpaP_DE10 is a member of the genus Maculvirus within the family Autographiviridae. Morphological and genomic analysis indicated that vB_VpaP_DE10 is a novel V. parahaemolyticus phage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14081609
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Prediction Model of Strip Crown in Hot Rolling Process Based on Machine Learning and Industrial Data
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metals Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 900-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 900-
    Abstract: The strip crown in hot rolling has the characteristics of multivariablity, strong coupling and, nonlinearity. It is difficult to describe accurately using a traditional mechanism model. In this paper, based on the industrial data of a hot continuous rolling field, the modeling dataset of a strip steel prediction model is constructed through the collection and collation of the on-site data. According to the classical strip crown control theory, the important process parameters that affect the strip crown are determined as input variables for the data-driven model. Some new intelligent strip crown prediction models integrating the shape control mechanism model, artificial intelligence algorithm, and production data are constructed using four machine learning algorithms, including XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The overall performance of the models is evaluated using error indicators, such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The research results showed that, for the test set, the determination coefficient (R2) of the predicted value of the strip crown model based on the XGBoost algorithm reached 0.971, and the three error indexes are at the lowest level, meaning that the overall model has the optimal generalization performance, which can realize the accurate prediction of the outlet strip crown in the hot rolling process. The research results can promote the application of industrial data and machine learning modeling to the actual strip shape control process of hot rolling, and also have important practical value for the intelligent preparation of the whole process of steel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met13050900
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Shear Resistance Performance of Grouped Stud Connectors
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 20 ( 2023-10-10), p. 6625-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 20 ( 2023-10-10), p. 6625-
    Abstract: In order to further investigate the grouped stud effect on the force properties of stud connectors, based on the premise that the correctness of the finite element simulation method, in this paper, a finite element model of grouped stud connectors was developed, and the grouped stud effect and its sensitivity factors were analyzed in order to validate the recommended formula for calculating the shear capacity of grouped stud connectors. Results show that the number of grouped stud rows and stud row spacing have a significant influence on the grouped stud effect, and the unevenness coefficient of grouped stud force is negatively correlated with the number of grouped stud rows as well as the grouped stud row spacing. Grouped stud connectors with commonly used concrete grades greater than C50 and height-to-diameter ratios of greater than 4 in steel–concrete composite structural bridges are insensitive to changes in the concrete strength grades and the length of the studs. The direction of force transmission for grouped stud changes with the change in loading angle and the unevenness coefficient of force for the grouped stud will therefore be reduced. By comparing the results of the 62 existing groups of grouped stud connectors push-out tests, the mean of the tested to calculated value ratio was found to be 1.12, the variance was 0.023, the dispersion was small, and it was shown that the recommended formula has a high degree of accuracy. The results of this paper can be used as a theoretical basis for the study of the shear stress performance of grouped stud connectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16206625
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on Anti-Constipation Effects of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni through a Novel Strategy of Network Pharmacology Screening
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-03-02), p. 4844-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-03-02), p. 4844-
    Abstract: Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) is an edible plant widely distributed worldwide, especially in Asia. It has traditionally been considered a potential anti-constipation vegetable. This study aimed to investigate the anti-constipation effects of daylily from the perspective of gastro-intestinal transit, defecation parameters, short-chain organic acids, gut microbiome, transcriptomes and network pharmacology. The results show that dried daylily (DHC) intake accelerated the defecation frequency of mice, while it did not significantly alter the levels of short-chain organic acids in the cecum. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that DHC elevated the abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Flavonifractor, while it reduced the level of pathogens (such as Helicobacter and Vibrio). Furthermore, a transcriptomics analysis revealed 736 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after DHC treatment, which are mainly enriched in the olfactory transduction pathway. The integration of transcriptomes and network pharmacology revealed seven overlapping targets (Alb, Drd2, Igf2, Pon1, Tshr, Mc2r and Nalcn). A qPCR analysis further showed that DHC reduced the expression of Alb, Pon1 and Cnr1 in the colon of constipated mice. Our findings provide a novel insight into the anti-constipation effects of DHC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054844
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-22), p. 4945-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-22), p. 4945-
    Abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 (LGA) from the feces of a healthy infant fed with breast milk, and it displayed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using this strain we determined its cholesterol-lowering and fatty liver-improving functions. SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control rats were fed a commercial chow diet and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a 7-week experiment period. After two weeks of feeding, the rats in PBS, simvastin, and LGA group were daily administered through oral gavage with 2 mL PBS, simvastin (1 mg/mL), and 2 × 109 CFU/mouse live LGA in PBS, respectively. After five weeks of such treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. Blood lipid and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and bile acids profiles were detected by metabolomics. We found that LGA group had lower levels of blood cholesterol and liver steatosis compared to the simvastin group. LGA also significantly reducedthe levels of inflammatory factors in the serum, including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and exotoxin (ET), and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid. In addition, LGA altered the compositions of gut microbiota as manifested by the increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the relative abundance of Blautia genus. Targeted metabolomics results showed that bile acids, especially free bile acids and secondary bile acids in feces, were increased in LGA rats compared with the control rats. Accordingly, the rats administrated with LGA also had a higher abundance of serum bile acids, including 23-norcholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Together, this study suggests that LGA may exert a cholesterol-lowering effect by modulating the metabolism of bile acids and the composition of gut microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14234945
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Main Alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. and Their Different Effects on Dicot and Monocot Crops
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2013-02-27), p. 2623-2634
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2013-02-27), p. 2623-2634
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032623
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Structure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgTi1−x(Mn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 Ceramics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-02), p. 1050-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-02), p. 1050-
    Abstract: MgTi1−x(Mn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 (x = 0–0.30) ceramics were prepared via the solid-state reaction method. The phase composition, microstructure, bond characteristics, and microwave dielectric properties of MgTi1−x(Mn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 (x = 0–0.30) were systematically investigated. The MgTi1−x(Mn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 ceramics presented an ilmenite type with an R-3 space group, and the secondary-phase MgTi2O5 only existed at x = 0 and 0.30. The introduction of (Mn1/3Nb2/3)4+ effectively suppressed the formation of the MgTi2O5 phase. The variation trend of the dielectric constant (εr) was the same as relative density. The quality factor (Qf) value was enhanced by the stable microstructure, which was caused via the lattice energy of Ti/(Mn1/3Nb2/3)-O bonds. And a high Qf value (353,000 GHz) was obtained for MgTi1−x(Mn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 (x = 0.04) ceramics sintered at 1250 °C. In addition, the introduction of Mn2+ ions with a larger ionic radius exacerbates the distortion of TiO6 octahedra, leading to significant fluctuations in the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf) value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13071050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System in Electrical Vehicles: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2020-11-27), p. 6257-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2020-11-27), p. 6257-
    Abstract: The Li-ion battery is of paramount importance to electric vehicles (EVs). Propelled by the rapid growth of the EV industry, the performance of the battery is continuously improving. However, Li-ion batteries are susceptible to the working temperature and only obtain the optimal performance within an acceptable temperature range. Therefore, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required to ensure EVs’ safe operation. There are various basic methods for BTMS, including forced-air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM), heat pipe (HP), thermoelectric cooling (TEC), etc. Every method has its unique application condition and characteristic. Furthermore, based on basic BTMS, more hybrid cooling methods adopting different basic methods are being designed to meet EVs’ requirements. In this work, the hybrid BTMS, as a more reliable and environmentally friendly method for the EVs, will be compared with basic BTMS to reveal its advantages and potential. By analyzing its cost, efficiency and other aspects, the evaluation criterion and design suggestions are put forward to guide the future development of BTMS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13236257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Structural Features of Three Hetero-Galacturonans from Passiflora foetida Fruits and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-08), p. 615-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-08), p. 615-
    Abstract: Passiflora foetida is a horticultural plant and vital traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In our previous study, the characterization and immuno-enhancing effect of fruits polysaccharide 1 (PFP1), a water-eluted hetero-mannan from wild Passiflora foetida fruits, were investigated. Herein, another three salt-eluted novel polysaccharides, namely PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4, were obtained and structurally characterized. The results showed that PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4 were three structurally similar hetero-galacturonans with different molecular weights of 6.11 × 104, 4.37 × 104, and 3.48 × 105 g/mol, respectively. All three of these hetero-galacturonans are mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose (75.69%, 80.39%, and 74.30%, respectively), and other monosaccharides including mannose, fucose, glucose, ribose, xylose, and glucuronic acid (24.31%, 19.61, and 25.70%, respectively), although differences in their backbone structure exist. Additionally, immunomodulatory assay indicated that the three hetero-galacturonans possess the ability to promote the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner (p 〈 0.05). Especially, PFP3 displayed a stronger enhancing effect than PFP2 and PFP4 at the minimum effective concentration. Therefore, the results suggested that the obtained three salt-eluted hetero-galacturonans, especially PFP3, could be utilized as immunomodulatory effectivity ingredients in nutritional/pharmaceutical industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12030615
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Annealing Temperature on Bias Temperature Stress Stabilities of Bottom-Gate Coplanar In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Coatings Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2024-04-30), p. 555-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2024-04-30), p. 555-
    Abstract: Defect annihilation of the IGZO/SiO2 layer is of great importance to enhancing the bias stress stabilities of bottom-gate coplanar thin-film transistors (TFTs). The effects of annealing temperatures (Ta) on the structure of the IGZO/SiO2 layer and the stabilities of coplanar IGZO TFTs were investigated in this work. An atomic depth profile showed that the IGZO/SiO2 layer included an IGZO layer, an IGZO/SiO2 interfacial mixing layer, and a SiO2 layer. Higher Ta had only one effect on the IGZO layer and SiO2 layer (i.e., strengthening chemical bonds), while it had complex effects on the interfacial mixing layer—including weakening M-O bonds (M: metallic elements in IGZO), strengthening damaged Si-O bonds, and increasing O-related defects (e.g., H2O). At higher Ta, IGZO TFTs exhibited enhanced positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) stabilities but decreased negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) stabilities. The enhanced PBTS stabilities were correlated with decreased electron traps due to the stronger Si-O bonds near the interfacial layer. The decreased NBTS stabilities were related to increased electron de-trapping from donor-like defects (e.g., weak M-O bonds and H2O) in the interfacial layer. Our results suggest that although higher Ta annihilated the structural damage at the interface from ion bombardment, it introduced undesirable defects. Therefore, to comprehensively improve electrical stabilities, controlling defect generation (e.g., by using a mild sputtering condition of source/drain electrodes and oxides) was more important than enhancing defect annihilation (e.g., through increasing Ta).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings14050555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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