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  • MDPI AG  (128)
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  • MDPI AG  (128)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Superhydrophobic Polytetrafluoroethylene/Heat-Shrinkable Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Film with Super Anti-Icing Property
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Polymers Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-06), p. 805-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-06), p. 805-
    Abstract: Wind power generation is an environmentally friendly way to produce electricity, but wind turbine blades that are prone to freeze in winter will reduce the efficiency of the generator. Therefore, the preparation of anti-icing blades is important and essential. Herein, anti-icing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/heat-shrinkable polyvinyl chloride (HSPVC) composite film was prepared by depositing a PTFE coating on the surface of HSPVC film via vacuum thermal evaporation. HSPVC films were pretreated respectively by argon and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) plasma cleaning to introduce new groups and change their surface energy. After that, PTFE coating with a thickness of about 4 μm was deposited on the surface of HSPVC, obtaining a superhydrophobic surface with an apparent water contact angle of 150°. The results demonstrated that the breaking strength of the PTFE/HSPVC composite film using CF4 plasma pretreatment decreased by only 3.47% after exposing to ultraviolet light with the power of 1000 W for 5 min, suggesting an excellent anti-ultraviolet property. Furthermore, compared with the pristine films, the PTFE/HSPVC composite films exhibited better adhesive strength, super anti-icing property even after 10 icing–deicing cycles, and excellent dynamic anti-icing performance. The PTFE/HSPVC composite film with good adhesive strength, anti-ultraviolet, and anti-icing properties has prospective applications in packaging of wind turbine blades.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym11050805
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Controls to Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Vary at Multiple Scales in a Highly Urbanizing Region in Southern China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2022-06-14), p. 4496-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2022-06-14), p. 4496-
    Abstract: Natural and anthropogenic activities affect soil heavy metal pollution at different spatial scales. Quantifying the spatial variability of soil pollution and its driving forces at different scales is essential for pollution mitigation opportunities. This study applied a multivariate factorial kriging technique to investigate the spatial variability of soil heavy metal pollution and its relationship with environmental factors at multiple scales in a highly urbanized area of Guangzhou, South China. We collected 318 topsoil samples and used five types of environmental factors for the attribution analysis. By factorial kriging, we decomposed the total variance of soil pollution into a nugget effect, a short-range (3 km) variance and a long-range (12 km) variance. The distribution of patches with a high soil pollution level was scattered in the eastern and northwestern parts of the study domain at a short-range scale, while they were more clustered at a long-range scale. The correlations between the soil pollution and environmental factors were either enhanced or counteracted across the three distinct scales. The predictors of soil heavy metal pollution changed from the soil physiochemical properties to anthropogenic dominated factors with the studied scale increase. Our study results suggest that the soil physiochemical properties were a good proxy to soil pollution across the scales. Improving the soil physiochemical properties such as increasing the soil organic matter is essentially effective across scales while restoring vegetation around pollutant sources as a nature-based solution at a large scale would be beneficial for alleviating local soil pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22124496
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    G-RRDB: An Effective THz Image-Denoising Model for Moldy Wheat
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2023-07-25), p. 2819-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2023-07-25), p. 2819-
    Abstract: In order to solve the problem of large image noise and unremarkable features caused by factors such as fluctuations in the power of a light source during the terahertz image acquisition of wheat, this paper proposes a THz image-denoising model called G-RRDB. Firstly, a module called Ghost-LKA is proposed by combining a large kernel convolutional attention mechanism module with a Ghost convolutional structure, which improves the characteristics of the network to acquire a global sensory field. Secondly, by integrating a spatial attention mechanism with channel attention, an attention module called DAB is proposed to enhance the network’s attention to important features. Thirdly, the Ghost-LKA module and DAB module are combined with the baseline model, thus proposing the dense residual denoising network G-RRDB. Compared with traditional denoising networks, both the PSNR and SSIM are improved. The prediction accuracy of G-RRDB is verified through the classification of the VGG16 network, achieving a rate of 92.8%, which represents an improvement of 1.7% and 0.2% compared to the denoised images obtained from the baseline model and the combined baseline model with the DAB module, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that G-RRDB, a THz image-denoising model based on dense residual structure for moldy wheat, exhibits excellent denoising performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12152819
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Clinical and Theranostic Values of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)/CD166 in Human Solid Cancers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 5187-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 5187-
    Abstract: Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell adhesion protein that is found in multiple cell types. ALCAM has multiple and diverse roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. There has been compelling evidence of ALCAM’s prognostic value in solid cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. The present article overviews the recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections in cancer and therapeutic values.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205187
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FgCsn12 Is Involved in the Regulation of Ascosporogenesis in the Wheat Scab Fungus Fusarium graminearum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 10445-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 10445-
    Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease worldwide. Ascospores are the primary inoculum of F. graminearum, and sexual reproduction is a critical step in its infection cycle. In this study, we characterized the functions of FgCsn12. Although the ortholog of FgCsn12 in budding yeast was reported to have a direct interaction with Csn5, which served as the core subunit of the COP9 signalosome, the interaction between FgCsn12 and FgCsn5 was not detected through the yeast two-hybrid assay. The deletion of FgCSN12 resulted in slight defects in the growth rate, conidial morphology, and pathogenicity. Instead of forming four-celled, uninucleate ascospores, the Fgcsn12 deletion mutant produced oval ascospores with only one or two cells and was significantly defective in ascospore discharge. The 3′UTR of FgCsn12 was dispensable for vegetative growth but essential for sexual reproductive functions. Compared with those of the wild type, 1204 genes and 2240 genes were up- and downregulated over twofold, respectively, in the Fgcsn12 mutant. Taken together, FgCsn12 demonstrated an important function in the regulation of ascosporogenesis in F. graminearum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810445
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Composition on the Crystallization, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation of Poly(ε-caprolactam-co-ε-caprolactone) Copolymers
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-27), p. 2488-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-27), p. 2488-
    Abstract: Poly(ester amide)s have aroused extensive research interest due to the combination of the degradability of polyester and the higher mechanical properties of polyamide. In this work, a series of poly(ε-caprolactam-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(CLA-co-CLO)) copolymers with different compositions were synthesized by anionic copolymerization. The structure, crystallization behavior, water absorption, and biodegradation behavior of these copolymers were investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and polarized optical micrographs (POM). The results indicated that the composition of P(CLA-co-CLO) copolymers can be adjusted by the molar feed ratio. The PCL blocks decreased the crystallization rate of PA6 blocks but had little effect on the melting behavior of PA6, while the crystallized PA6 acted as a heterogeneous nucleating agent and greatly improved the crystallization rate of PCL. Moreover, the introduction of PCL blocks greatly reduced the water absorption of P(CLA-co-CLO) copolymers and endow them a certain degree of degradability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12112488
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Microsphere-Assisted Picosecond Laser Processing for Nanohole Fabrication on Silicon via Thin Gold Coating
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-05-26), p. 611-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-05-26), p. 611-
    Abstract: The nanohole arrays on the silicon substrate can effectively enhance the light absorption in thin film silicon solar cells. In order to optimize the solar energy absorption, polystyrene microspheres with diameters of 1 μm are used to assist picosecond laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm to fabricate nanohole arrays on silicon substrate. The experimental results show that the morphology and size of the silicon nanoholes strongly depend on the laser fluence. At 1.19–1.59 J/cm2 laser fluences, well-ordered arrays of nanoholes were fabricated on silicon substrate, with diameters domain from 250 to 549 nm and depths ranging from 60 to 99 nm. However, large amounts of sputtered nanoparticles appeared around the silicon nanoholes. To improve the surface morphology of silicon nanoholes, a nanolayered gold coating is applied on silicon surface to assist laser processing. The results show that, for gold-coated silicon substrate, sputtered nanoparticles around the nanoholes are almost invisible and the cross-sectional profiles of the nanoholes are smoother. Moreover, the ablation rate of the nanoholes on the gold-coated silicon substrate have increased compared to that of the nanoholes on the uncoated one. This simple method allows fast fabrication of well-ordered nanoholes on silicon substrate without sputtered nanoparticles and with smooth inner surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12060611
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social Network Relationships between Biomass Industry Stakeholders in the Agricultural Waste Power Generation Industry—A Case of Northern Jiangsu, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 571-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 571-
    Abstract: This study aimed to explore the impact of the interaction between stakeholders in the sustainable development of the biomass industry and to reveal network issues relating to material flow and information flow under the current biomass energy development model. This study focused on the agriculture and forestry waste power generation industry. Taking the biomass industry in Nanjing, Suqian, and Yancheng as examples, the study selected six stakeholder groups involved in the industry and conducted field investigations by using semi-open interviews and questionnaires. The research mainly applied social network analysis methods, combined with UCINET software, to draw a network diagram of the stakeholder relationships and to quantitatively analyze stakeholder centrality and overall network density. The results revealed that (1) the biomass enterprises had the highest centrality in the overall network, which played a vital role in the construction of the overall network; (2) the farmers were positioned at the outer fringes of the industrial social network and their information acquisition capabilities and degree of control over the network were the lowest; and (3) the overall network density was low, which showed that the connections between stakeholders were not close enough to support the circulation of material and information in the overall network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14010571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Quality Prediction Based on LSTM and Attention Mechanism: A Case Study of the Burnett River, Australia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 13231-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 13231-
    Abstract: Prediction of water quality is a critical aspect of water pollution control and prevention. The trend of water quality can be predicted using historical data collected from water quality monitoring and management of water environment. The present study aims to develop a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and its attention-based (AT-LSTM) model to achieve the prediction of water quality in the Burnett River of Australia. The models developed in this study introduced an attention mechanism after feature extraction of water quality data in the section of Burnett River considering the effect of the sequences on the prediction results at different moments to enhance the influence of key features on the prediction results. This study provides one-step-ahead forecasting and multistep forward forecasting of dissolved oxygen (DO) of the Burnett River utilizing LSTM and AT-LSTM models and the comparison of the results. The research outcomes demonstrated that the inclusion of the attention mechanism improves the prediction performance of the LSTM model. Therefore, the AT-LSTM-based water quality forecasting model, developed in this study, demonstrated its stronger capability than the LSTM model for informing the Water Quality Improvement Plan of Queensland, Australia, to accurately predict water quality in the Burnett River.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142013231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Numerical Simulation of the Pressure Law and Control of the Hard Roof Face in the Far Field
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-20), p. 11285-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-20), p. 11285-
    Abstract: Controlling hard roof plate breakage and destabilization to ensure a sufficient mine pressure is difficult using conventional underground pressure relief methods, since it is located far above the coal seam. This paper investigated the ground fracturing technology used to control the mine pressure at the working face caused by hard top collapse, using the working face of Tashan 8106 as an example. Finite element software and its global embedded cohesive unit approach, the fluid–structure coupling theory, and the fracture mechanics theory were used to construct a numerical calculation model of hydraulic fracturing during coal rock excavation. The calculation results revealed an initial hard top plate pressure before the fracturing of about 52 m, while the error rate of the initial pressure step was 0.07% compared to the actual measurement results, verifying the simulation’s accuracy. At a prefabricated fracture spacing of 16 m, the initial incoming pressure step distance was reduced from 52 m to 24 m after the hard roof surface fracturing, while the peak vertical stress at the coal seam working face decreased by 40.59%. It effectively reduced the mine pressure at the working face caused by the cross fall of the roof, which was more conducive to safe mining. The research in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the control procedures of these types of roof slabs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151411285
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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