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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of Arylene Ether-Type Hyperbranched Poly(triphenylamine) for Lithium Battery Cathodes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2021-12-20), p. 7885-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2021-12-20), p. 7885-
    Abstract: We synthesized a new poly(triphenylamine), having a hyperbranched structure, and employed it in lithium-ion batteries as an organic cathode material. Two types of monomers were prepared with hydroxyl groups and nitro leaving groups, activated by a trifluoromethyl substituent, and then polymerized via the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The reactivity of the monomers differed depending on the number of hydroxyl groups and the A2B type monomer with one hydroxyl group successfully produced poly(triphenylamine). Based on thermal, optical, and electrochemical analyses, a composite poly(triphenylamine) electrode was made. The electrochemical performance investigations confirmed that the lithium-ion batteries, fabricated with the poly(triphenylamine)-based cathodes, had reasonable specific capacity values and stable cycling performance, suggesting the potential of this hyperbranched polymer in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14247885
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 5940-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 5940-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age 〈 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48–2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15–2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22–1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31–1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235940
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Work-Related Stress in Cluster of Workers’ Suicides in Korea: Analysis of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, 2010–2017
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2022-03-04), p. 3013-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2022-03-04), p. 3013-
    Abstract: Background: There is limited research on the heterogeneity of worker suicides. We compared differences in workers’ suicides by clustering suicide deaths. Methods: From 2010 to 2017, 353 suicide deaths were claimed in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance; variables were coded using a standardized methodology. A two-step cluster analysis classified the clusters based on demographic and employment conditions. Details of the suicide, clinical variables, personal stresses, and work-related stresses were compared using the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: We identified five clusters and they differed particularly in work-related stress. “Responsibility-burdened type” experienced excessive responsibility as managers; “role-changed type” experienced a sudden and unpredictable role change as clerks or sales workers; “risk-exposed type” experienced physical risk factors at work (working alone, outdoors, and in shifts) as machine operating and assembling workers, or craft and related trades workers; “job-insecurity type” experienced unstable employment (irregular, nonpermanent) as elementary or service workers; “workplace-violence type” was mainly unmarried women who lived alone, and experienced interpersonal conflict and violence as professionals and related workers. There were no differences between clusters in clinical variables (except problem drinking) and personal stresses. Conclusion: Interventions to alleviate work-related stress in worker clusters are needed to prevent suicide in workers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053013
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Emotional Demand and Mental Health in Korean Employees
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 7312-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 7312-
    Abstract: Background: Emotional demand (ED) at work is related to mental health in the general workforce, not just emotional workers. We investigated the relationships between ED and mental health outcomes, including distress, depressive symptoms (DS), experience of depression (DE), and suicidal ideation (SI) on the entire general workforce using nationally representative data. Methods: 5787 full-time employees were analyzed using cross-sectional design with the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES IV). Work-related psychosocial factors and mental health status were measured through face-to-face interviews. Multi-stage and stratified survey designs were considered in the analysis, and the mental health effects of ED were analyzed using multivariable logistic analysis. The Cochran–Armitage trend test was conducted to investigate increases in the relationship between the severity of ED and mental health outcomes. Results: The subjects comprised 3089 men and 2698 women. ED was reported by 36.7% of men and 39.3% of women. The estimated prevalence of distress was 27.5% in men and 34.6% in women. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ED for distress were 2.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10–3.28) for men and 2.57 (95% CI = 1.92–3.45) for women. DS was significantly related to ED (men: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.18–2.50; women: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.33–2.74). ED was also significant psychosocial risk factor for DE (men: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.07–3.29; women: OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.15–2.75) and SI (men: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.11–2.41; women: OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.63–3.28). Conclusions: ED was a risk factor for distress, DS, DE, and SI in the general workforce. Legal and social safety networks should be constructed for workers whose emotions may be hidden at work, as well as workers in emotion-related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147312
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Comparative Chemico-Physical Analyses of Strain-Free GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As Quantum Dots Grown by Droplet Epitaxy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-02), p. 1301-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-02), p. 1301-
    Abstract: We investigate the quantum confinement effects on excitons in several types of strain-free GaAs/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As droplet epitaxy (DE) quantum dots (QDs). By performing comparative analyses of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with the aid of a three-dimensional (3D) envelope-function model, we elucidate the individual quantum confinement characteristics of the QD band structures with respect to their composition profiles and the asymmetries of their geometrical shapes. By precisely controlling the exciton oscillator strength in strain-free QDs, we envisage the possibility of tailoring light-matter interactions to implement fully integrated quantum photonics based on QD single-photon sources (SPSs).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10071301
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Highly Transparent Aromatic Polyamides from Unsymmetrical Diamine with Trifluoromethyl Groups
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-27), p. 501-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-27), p. 501-
    Abstract: Soluble and transparent wholly aromatic polyamides (PAs) were synthesized from an unsymmetrical diamine monomer having trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups, 4-(4′-aminophenoxy)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The monomer was polymerized with several dicarboxylic acid monomers via the Yamazaki–Higashi polycondensation method. All of the synthesized polyamides have an amorphous morphology, and they are soluble in many polar organic solvents at room temperature. Flexible and transparent films of the polyamides were prepared by solution casting and these polymer films show good optical transparencies with cut-off wavelengths of 337–367 nm and transparencies of 88%–90% at 550 nm. In addition, all the polymers were thermally stable over 400 °C and exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 300 °C. Unsymmetrically inserted trifluoromethyl groups on polyamides improves the solubility as well as the transparency of the polymers while maintaining good thermal properties. They also showed low refractive indices around 1.5333~1.5833 at 633 nm owing to the existence of low polarizable trifluoromethyl groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14030501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Characterization of Fines Produced by Degradation of Polymetallic Nodules from the Clarion–Clipperton Zone
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Minerals Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 205-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 205-
    Abstract: The discharge of fluid–particle mixture tailings can cause serious disturbance to the marine environment in deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules. Unrecovered nodule fines are one of the key components of the tailings, but little information has been gained on their properties. Here, we report major, trace, and rare earth element compositions of 〈 63 μm particles produced by the experimental degradation of two types of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. Compared to the bulk nodules, the fines produced are enriched in Al, K, and Fe and depleted in Mn, Co, Ni, As, Mo, and Cd. The deviation from the bulk composition of original nodules is particularly pronounced in the finer fraction of particles. With X-ray diffraction patterns showing a general increase in silicate and aluminosilicates in the fines, the observed trends indicate a significant contribution of sediment particles released from the pores and cracks of nodules. Not only the amount but also the composition of nodule fines is expected to significantly differ depending on the minimum recovery size of particles at the mining vessel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min11020205
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Influence of Parenting Guilt on the Mental Health among Single-Parent Women: Multiple Additive Moderating Effect of Economic Well-Being and Level of Education
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2023-06-21), p. 1814-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2023-06-21), p. 1814-
    Abstract: This study explored how the core problems (e.g., parenting, economy, and education level) of single-parent women affect their mental health. Although parenting guilt, economic well-being, and level of education are important variables that affect the mental health of single parents, there is no study that examines the interaction effect between them together. Therefore, this study examined the moderating effects of economic well-being and level of education on the relationship between parenting guilt and mental health in 419 single-parent women. In addition, it was verified whether there was a multiple additive modulation effect when they were put in at the same time. As a result, the higher the parenting guilt and the lower the economic well-being, the higher the level of mental health pain, but the level of education had no statistical significance. However, the interaction term between parenting guilt and education level had statistical significance, while the interaction term between parenting guilt and economic well-being did not produce significant results. These findings suggest the importance of education for single-parent women’s mental health as well as the need to establish policies that allow them to have sufficient time and room for child rearing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131814
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Mortality of Suicide and Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases by Occupation in Korea, 1997–2020
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-13), p. 10001-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-13), p. 10001-
    Abstract: Although studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Korea, the results for occupations with high mortality around 2010 are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine occupational mortality from overwork-related suicide and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) from 1997 to 2020. We used microdata of the Causes of Death Statistics (CDS) and Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) to obtain indirect standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of suicide (X60–X84) and CCVD deaths (I20–I25 and I60–I69) by gender and eight occupational categories. The trend of SMR of suicide and CCVD by occupation was similar within individual genders. The SMR of managers (MNG) was the highest for men and women in 2012–2017 and 2008–2020, respectively, whereas the SMR of professionals and related workers (PRF) was consistently low. Despite the similar socioeconomic status of MNG and PRF, we suggest that their mortality should be analyzed separately in Korea. SMR of suicide and CCVD in female MNG were consistently highest, although the PMR was low. Female MNG may have been more directly affected by the economic crisis. There is a need for work-related stress management, early intervention, and prevention policies in occupations vulnerable to mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Pickled Vegetable and Salted Fish Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: Two Prospective Cohort Studies and a Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-17), p. 996-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-17), p. 996-
    Abstract: An increased risk of gastric cancer for pickled vegetable and salted fish intake has been suggested, yet the lack of a dose-response association warrants a quantitative analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis, combining results from our analysis of two large Korean cohort studies and those from previous prospective cohort studies. We investigated the association of pickled vegetable and salted fish intake with gastric cancer in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study and the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study using Cox proportional hazard models. We then searched for observational studies published until November 2019 and conducted both dose-response and categorical meta-analyses. The pooled relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer incidence was 1.15 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.07–1.23) for 40 g/day increment in pickled vegetable intake in a dose-response manner (P for nonlinearity = 0.11). As for salted fish intake, the pooled risk of gastric cancer incidence was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.99–1.38) times higher, comparing the highest to the lowest intake. Our findings supported the evidence that high intake of pickled vegetable and salted fish is associated with elevated risk of gastric cancer incidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040996
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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