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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between High Blood Pressure in the Emergency Department and Cryptogenic Hemoptysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 5302-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 5302-
    Abstract: Hemoptysis is a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits. There is little data about the role of systemic hypertension as a cause of hemoptysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic blood pressure and the unknown etiology of hemoptysis. This retrospective study included consecutive patients who visited the ED owing to hemoptysis and underwent a chest computed tomography between January 2011 and June 2021. Details of the initial blood pressure at the ED visit were compared between two groups with identified and unidentified causes of hemoptysis. In total, 1105 adult patients were included. The etiology of hemoptysis was identified in 1042 patients (94.3%) and remained unidentified in 63 patients (5.7%). The percentage of patients with severe hypertension was significantly higher in patients with unidentified causes of hemoptysis than in those with identified causes (35% vs. 11%, p 〈 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age, ever-smoker, and initial systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with hemoptysis of unidentified causes. Although further studies are needed, our findings suggest a possible association between high blood pressure and cryptogenic hemoptysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185302
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2018-11-21), p. 2608-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2018-11-21), p. 2608-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between main air pollutants and all cancer mortality by performing a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE (a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature produced by Elsevier), and the reference lists of other reviews until April 2018. A random-effects model was employed to analyze the meta-estimates of each pollutant. A total of 30 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Overall risk estimates of cancer mortality for 10 µg/m3 per increase of particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, and NO2 were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.24), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04–1.14), and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02–1.10), respectively. With respect to the type of cancer, significant hazardous influences of PM2.5 were noticed for lung cancer mortality and non-lung cancer mortality including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer, respectively, while PM10 had harmful effects on mortality from lung cancer, pancreas cancer, and larynx cancer. Our meta-analysis of cohort studies indicates that exposure to the main air pollutants is associated with increased mortality from all cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112608
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-10), p. 441-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-10), p. 441-
    Abstract: The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Bacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Urine as a Novel Biomarker for Gastric Cancer: Integration of Liquid Biopsy and Metagenome Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 4687-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 4687-
    Abstract: Early detection is crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer, but there are no non-invasive markers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer in real clinical settings. Recently, bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as new biomarker resources. We aimed to evaluate the microbial composition in gastric cancer using bacteria-derived EVs and to build a diagnostic prediction model for gastric cancer with the metagenome data. Stool, urine, and serum samples were prospectively collected from 453 subjects (gastric cancer, 181; control, 272). EV portions were extracted from the samples for metagenome analysis. Differences in microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene profiling, using the next-generation sequencing method. Biomarkers were selected using logistic regression models based on relative abundances at the genus level. The microbial composition of healthy groups and gastric cancer patient groups was significantly different in all sample types. The compositional differences of various bacteria, based on relative abundances, were identified at the genus level. Among the diagnostic prediction models for gastric cancer, the urine-based model showed the highest performance when compared to that of stool or serum. We suggest that bacteria-derived EVs in urine can be used as novel metagenomic markers for the non-invasive diagnosis of gastric cancer by integrating the liquid biopsy method and metagenome analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance of Helicobacter pylori and Its Impact on Eradication in Korea from 2017 to 2019: A Single-Center Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-09-27), p. 646-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-09-27), p. 646-
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major factors determining the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. This study aimed to estimate the recent prevalence of multidrug resistance of H. pylori and its impact on eradication in Korea. A total of 174 patients were prospectively enrolled at Chung-Ang University Hospital from 2017 to 2019. H. pylori strains were isolated from the gastric body and antrum. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined by the serial twofold agar dilution method. Eradication results were reviewed and analyzed in connection with antibiotic resistance. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 51.7% (90/174). The culture success rate was 77.8% (70/90). The resistance rates for clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were 28.6% (20/70), 27.1% (19/70), 20.0% (14/70), 18.6% (13/70), 42.9% (30/70), and 42.9% (30/70), respectively. The multidrug resistance (resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials) rate was 42.9% (30/70). Dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was confirmed in 8.6% (6/70). Eradication with a first-line treatment was successful in 75% (36/48), and those who received second-line treatment all achieved successful eradication. The rate of multidrug resistance is increasing, and standard triple therapy (STT) is no longer an acceptable first-line option for H. pylori eradication in Korea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100646
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Discovery of a Novel Mutation in DNA Gyrase and Changes in the Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Helicobacter pylori over a 14-Year Period: A Single Center Study in Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-05-27), p. 287-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-05-27), p. 287-
    Abstract: The efficacy of fluoroquinolone-based eradication therapy largely depends on the fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the primary resistance rate of H. pylori to fluoroquinolone and the mechanism of resistance in Korea. A total of 153 strains and 48 strains of H. pylori were isolated at a tertiary hospital in 2005/2006 and 2017/2018, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluoroquinolone were determined by the serial 2-fold agar dilution method. DNA sequences in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA/gyrB were analyzed in resistant strains. Subsequent natural transformation study was performed to determine the association between gyrase mutation and resistance. The resistance rates increased from 19.0% (29/153) to 43.8% (21/48) both for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. The MIC values for resistant strains increased from 2–8 µg/mL to 4–16 µg/mL over time. Mutation of gyrA was detected in 93.1% (27/29) and 100% (21/21) among the resistant strains in both periods, respectively. A novel Gly-85 mutation of gyrA was found and confirmed to be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Fluoroquinolone resistance rate of H. pylori has markedly increased over time in Korea. The resistance is mostly due to the point mutation of gyrA. Fluoroquinolone-containing regimens should be carefully selected in Korea, considering the increasing fluoroquinolone resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060287
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Medical and Surgical Treatment in Severe Bell’s Palsy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-08), p. 888-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-08), p. 888-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The effectiveness of decompression surgery for Bell’s palsy is controversial. This study investigated the effects of facial nerve decompression in patients with severe Bell’s palsy who were expected to have a poor prognosis. (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1721 patients with Bell’s palsy who visited the Kyung Hee University Hospital between January 2005 and December 2021. Of these, 45 patients with severe Bell’s palsy were divided into two groups; 30 patients were treated conservatively with steroids and antiviral agents alone, while 15 patients underwent additional decompressive surgery after the conservative treatment. Outcomes were measured using House–Brackmann (H–B) grade for least 6 months after treatment was finished and conducted until full recovery was achieved. (3) Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of favorable recovery (H–B grade 1 or 2) between the surgery group and the conservative treatment group (75% vs. 70.0%, p 〉 0.05). Although H–B grade improvement occurred in both groups, the degree of improvement was not significantly different between groups. (4) Conclusions: Facial nerve decompression surgery in severe Bell’s palsy patients did not significantly improve prognosis beyond that offered by conservative treatment alone. Additional surgical decompression may not be necessary in patients with severe Bell’s palsy if they receive sufficient conservative treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030888
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-03-03), p. 2522-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-03-03), p. 2522-
    Abstract: Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052522
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    TTYH3 Modulates Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via FGFR1/H-Ras/A-Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-10), p. 10496-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-10), p. 10496-
    Abstract: Tweety family member 3 (TTYH3) is a calcium-activated chloride channel with a non-pore-forming structure that controls cell volume and signal transduction. We investigated the role of TTYH3 as a cancer-promoting factor in bladder cancer. The mRNA expression of TTYH3 in bladder cancer patients was investigated using various bioinformatics databases. The results demonstrated that the increasingly greater expression of TTYH3 increasingly worsened the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. TTYH3 knockdown bladder cancer cell lines were constructed by their various cancer properties measured. TTYH3 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and sphere formation. Cell migration and invasion were also significantly reduced in knockdown bladder cancer cells, compared to normal bladder cancer cells. The knockdown of TTYH3 led to the downregulation of H-Ras/A-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) phosphorylation. This signaling pathway also attenuated the expression of c-Jun and c-Fos. The findings implicate TTYH3 as a potential factor regulating the properties of bladder cancer and as a therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810496
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    β-COP Suppresses the Surface Expression of the TREK2
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cells Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1500-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1500-
    Abstract: K2P channels, also known as two-pore domain K+ channels, play a crucial role in maintaining the cell membrane potential and contributing to potassium homeostasis due to their leaky nature. The TREK, or tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related K+ channel, subfamily within the K2P family consists of mechanical channels regulated by various stimuli and binding proteins. Although TREK1 and TREK2 within the TREK subfamily share many similarities, β-COP, which was previously known to bind to TREK1, exhibits a distinct binding pattern to other members of the TREK subfamily, including TREK2 and the TRAAK (TWIK-related acid-arachidonic activated K+ channel). In contrast to TREK1, β-COP binds to the C-terminus of TREK2 and reduces its cell surface expression but does not bind to TRAAK. Furthermore, β-COP cannot bind to TREK2 mutants with deletions or point mutations in the C-terminus and does not affect the surface expression of these TREK2 mutants. These results emphasize the unique role of β-COP in regulating the surface expression of the TREK family.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells12111500
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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