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  • MDPI AG  (77)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research about the Characteristics of Chaotic Systems Based on Multi-Scale Entropy
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Entropy Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2019-07-06), p. 663-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2019-07-06), p. 663-
    Abstract: The logistic chaotic system, as a classical complex phenomenon of nonlinear dynamic systems, has received extensive attention in the field of secure communication. It is generally believed that the characteristics of chaos are suitable for the needs of encryption systems. In this paper, a multi-scale entropy theory analysis and statistical analysis are carried out on the chaotic sequences produced by different parameters and different initial values of logistic systems. According to the simulation results, the complexity of the chaotic system represented by the logistic system is mainly decided by parameter μ. Not all characteristic parameters of the chaotic system depend on the initial values. It is possible to make a reasonable estimation and prediction of the chaotic system from a macroscopic level. A variance estimation method for the parameter μ is proposed and applied to a logistic system and to another chaotic system, which is equally effective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e21070663
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Plaintext-Related Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Cellular Neural Network and Chen’s Chaotic System
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-28), p. 393-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-28), p. 393-
    Abstract: To address the problem that traditional stream ciphers are not sensitive to changes in the plaintext, a novel plaintext-related color image encryption scheme is proposed in this paper, which combines the 6-dimensional cellular neural network (CNN) and Chen’s chaotic system. This encryption scheme belongs to symmetric cryptography. In the proposed scheme, the initial key and switching function generated by the plaintext image are first utilized to control the CNN to complete the scrambling process. Then, Chen’s chaotic system is used to diffuse the scrambled image for realizing higher security. Finally, extensive performance evaluation is undertaken to validate the proposed scheme’s ability to offer the necessary security. Furthermore, the scheme is compared alongside state-of-the-art algorithms to establish its efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym13030393
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The Establishment and Dynamic Properties of a New 4D Hyperchaotic System with Its Application and Statistical Tests in Gray Images
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Entropy Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2020-03-10), p. 310-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2020-03-10), p. 310-
    Abstract: In this paper, a new 4D hyperchaotic system is generated. The dynamic properties of attractor phase space, local stability, poincare section, periodic attractor, quasi-periodic attractor, chaotic attractor, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov index are analyzed. The hyperchaotic system is normalized and binary serialized, and the binary hyperchaotic stream generated by the system is statistically tested and entropy analyzed. Finally, the hyperchaotic binary stream is applied to the gray image encryption. The histogram, correlation coefficient, entropy test, and security analysis show that the hyperchaotic system has good random characteristics and can be applied to the gray image encryption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e22030310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Lightweight Stream Cipher Based on Chaos
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-07-02), p. 853-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-07-02), p. 853-
    Abstract: A chaotic system and two Nonlinear Feadback Shift Registers (NFSRs) are used to generate a new stream cipher in this paper. This design can be used for efficient encryption in resource-constrained devices or environments. The chaotic system is quantified and integrated with two NFSRs based on the technology of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Many analyses are made from the angle of entropy in order to verify the cryptographic characteristics of the stream cipher, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test is completed to analyze the cipher. The test results show that the stream cipher here has good cryptographic characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym11070853
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Based on 2D Fractional Chaotic Map, DWT and 4D Hyper-chaos
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Electronics Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-09), p. 1280-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-09), p. 1280-
    Abstract: In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on a fractional-order Henon chaotic map, a two-dimensional (2D) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system is proposed. Firstly, the original image is transformed and scrambled by the 2D DWT, and then the image is shuffled with the fractional-order Henon chaotic time series. Finally, the shuffled image is diffused and encrypted by the 4D hyperchaos system. Through the application of DWT and high-low dimensional chaotic systems, the encryption effect of this algorithm is better than those done by single or ordinary chaotic encryption algorithm, and it has a larger key space and higher security. The experimental tests show that the system has good statistical characteristics, such as histogram analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, key space and key sensitivity, information entropy analysis and so on. The encryption algorithm also passes the relevant security attack tests with good security.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics9081280
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of WC Grain Size and Abrasive Type on the Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni Coatings
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Coatings Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-09), p. 660-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-09), p. 660-
    Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of WC grain size on coatings’ properties and abrasive wear performance, a few WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coatings with three different WC grain sizes were deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The phase compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Furthermore, the two- and three-body abrasive wear performances of the three coatings were tested by using SiC and SiO2 abrasives, respectively. The results show that all the three coatings were composed of WC, Cr3C2, and the Ni binder as well as the (W,Cr)2C phase. The abrasive wear resistance of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating monotonously increased with increasing WC grain size when the SiC abrasive was used in the two- and three-body abrasive wear tests. However, the wear resistance trend was reversed when the SiO2 abrasive was used in the three-body abrasive wear test. The specific wear rate of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating exposed to the SiC abrasive under the two-body abrasive wear test was the largest. The wear resistance of the coatings was more significantly affected by the hardness of the abrasive particles than the size of carbides present within the coating. The high hardness of SiC can cut both the carbide and the binder phase of the WC-based cermet coatings, resulting in a high wear rate, whereas the low hardness of SiO2 cuts and/or scratches the binder initially, and then it dislodges the carbides from the matrix. The dislodged carbides which were subsequently pulled out from the matrix by the repeated impact of the SiO2 abrasives result in a milder wear rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Novel Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing a Piperidine Moiety as New Bactericide Leads for Managing Plant Bacterial Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 5861-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 5861-
    Abstract: Plant bacterial diseases are an intractable problem due to the fact that phytopathogens have acquired strong resistances for traditional pesticides, resulting in restricting the quality and yield of agricultural products around the world. To develop new agrochemical alternatives, we prepared a novel series of sulfanilamide derivatives containing piperidine fragments and assessed their antibacterial potency. The bioassay results revealed that most molecules displayed excellent in vitro antibacterial potency towards Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). In particular, molecule C4 exhibited outstanding inhibitory activity toward Xoo with EC50 value of 2.02 µg mL−1, which was significantly better than those of the commercial agents bismerthiazol (EC50 = 42.38 µg mL−1) and thiodiazole copper (EC50 = 64.50 µg mL−1). A series of biochemical assays confirmed that compound C4 interacted with dihydropteroate synthase, and irreversibly damaged the cell membrane. In vivo assays showed that the molecule C4 presented acceptable curative and protection activities of 34.78% and 39.83%, respectively, at 200 µg mL−1, which were greater than those of thiodiazole and bismerthiazol. This study highlights the valuable insights for the excavation and development of new bactericides that can concurrently target dihydropteroate synthase and bacterial cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065861
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Representation of In-Service Performance for Cable-Stayed Railway–Highway Combined Bridges Based on Train-Induced Response’s Sensing Data and Knowledge
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2022-04-23), p. 3247-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2022-04-23), p. 3247-
    Abstract: Real-time representation of the current performance of structures is an important task for perceiving potential danger in in-service bridges. Methods driven by the multisource sensing data of structural health monitoring systems are an effective way to achieve this goal. Due to the explicit zero-point of signals, the live load-induced response has an inherent advantage for quantitatively representing the performance of bridges. Taking a long-span cable-stayed railway–highway combined bridge as the case study, this paper presents a representation method of in-service performance. First, the non-stationary sections of train-induced response are automatically extracted by wavelet transform and window with threshold. Then, the data of the feature parameter of each non-stationary section are automatically divided into four cases of train load according to the calculational theory of bridge vibration under train effect and clustering analysis. Finally, the performance indexes for structural deformation and dynamics are determined separately, based on hierarchical clustering and statistical modeling. Fusing the real variability of massive data from monitoring and the knowledge of mechanics of theoretical calculations, accurate and robust indexes of bridge deflection distribution and forced vibration frequency are obtained in real time. The whole process verifies the feasibility of the representation of bridge in-service performance from massive multisource sensing data. The presented method, framework, and analysis results can be used as a reference for the design, operation, and maintenance works of long-span railway bridges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22093247
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    FPGA-Based Implementation and Synchronization Design of a New Five-Dimensional Hyperchaotic System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Entropy Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2022-08-24), p. 1179-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2022-08-24), p. 1179-
    Abstract: Considering the security of a communication system, designing a high-dimensional complex chaotic system suitable for chaotic synchronization has become a key problem in chaotic secure communication. In this paper, a new 5-D hyperchaotic system with high order nonlinear terms was constructed and proved to be hyperchaotic by dynamical characterization characteristics, the maximum Lyapunov exponent was close to 2, and there was a better permutation entropy index, while a valid chaotic sequence could be generated in three cycles in the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based implementation. A multivariable nonlinear feedback synchronous controller based on FPGA was proposed to design and implement synchronization of high order complex hyperchaotic systems. The results show that the error signal converged to 0 rapidly under the effect of the nonlinear feedback synchronous controller. This lays the foundation for the synchronization of high order complex chaotic systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e24091179
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Study of Generalized Chaotic Synchronization Method Incorporating Error-Feedback Coefficients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Entropy Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2023-05-18), p. 818-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2023-05-18), p. 818-
    Abstract: In this paper, taking the generalized synchronization problem of discrete chaotic systems as a starting point, a generalized synchronization method incorporating error-feedback coefficients into the controller based on the generalized chaos synchronization theory and stability theorem for nonlinear systems is proposed. Two discrete chaotic systems with different dimensions are constructed in this paper, the dynamics of the proposed systems are analyzed, and finally, the phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and bifurcation diagrams of these are shown and described. The experimental results show that the design of the adaptive generalized synchronization system is achievable in cases in which the error-feedback coefficient satisfies certain conditions. Finally, a chaotic hiding image encryption transmission system based on a generalized synchronization approach is proposed, in which an error-feedback coefficient is introduced into the controller.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e25050818
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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