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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Multi-Center Study for the Development of the Taiwan Cognition Questionnaire (TCQ) in Major Depressive Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-26), p. 359-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-26), p. 359-
    Abstract: Cognitive dysfunction is associated with functional impairment of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The goals were to explore the associated factors of cognitive impairment in MDD and to develop and validate a brief and culture-relevant questionnaire, the Taiwan Cognition Questionnaire (TCQ), among patients with MDD. This was a cross-sectional, multi-center observational study of MDD patients in Taiwan. Participants of Group 1 from 10 centers contributed to the validation of the TCQ by their response and sociodemographics. The participants of Group 2 from one center received an objective cognitive assessment for clarification of the relationship between the TCQ score and its associated factors. In Group 1, 493 participants were recruited. As for Group 2, an extra 100 participants were recruited. The global Cronbach’s alpha for the TCQ was 0.908. According to the coordinates of the ROC curve, 9/10 was the ideal cut-off point. With the criteria, the sensitivity/specificity of the TCQ was 0.610/0.689. The TCQ score was positively associated with a history of being admitted to acute psychiatric care and the severity of depression and negatively associated with objective cognitive measures. The TCQ provides a reliable, valid, and convenient measure of subjective cognitive dysfunction in patients with MDD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Genetic Prognostic Signature for Lung Adenocarcinoma Identified by Differences in Gene Expression Profiles of Low- and High-Grade Histological Subtypes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-19), p. 160-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-19), p. 160-
    Abstract: The 2021 WHO classification proposed a pattern-based grading system for early-stage invasive non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinomas with high-grade patterns have poorer outcomes than those with lepidic-predominant patterns. This study aimed to establish genetic prognostic signatures by comparing differences in gene expression profiles between low- and high-grade adenocarcinomas. Twenty-six (9 low- and 17 high-grade adenocarcinomas) patients with histologically “near-pure” patterns (predominant pattern comprising 〉 70% of tumor areas) were selected retrospectively. Using RNA sequencing, gene expression profiles between the low- and high-grade groups were analyzed, and genes with significantly different expression levels between these two groups were selected for genetic prognostic signatures. In total, 196 significant candidate genes (164 upregulated and 32 upregulated in the high- and low-grade groups, respectively) were identified. After intersection with The Cancer Genome Atlas–Lung Adenocarcinoma prognostic genes, three genes, exonuclease 1 (EXO1), family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A), and disks large-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), were identified as prognostic gene signatures. Two independent cohorts were used for validation, and the areas under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic were 0.784 and 0.703 in the GSE31210 and GSE30219 cohorts, respectively. Our result showed the feasibility and accuracy of this novel three-gene prognostic signature for predicting the clinical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom12020160
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applying Interactive Teaching Experience and Technology Action Puzzles in Disaster Prevention Education
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-24), p. 4788-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-24), p. 4788-
    Abstract: This study incorporated technology action puzzle and obstacle challenge activities in the course design. Using the 921 Earthquake in Taiwan as the theme, this study integrated the content of various subjects and course modules and applied information technology to present the humanistic care elements. The subjects of this study were Grade 9 students of a public middle school in central Taiwan. After the interactive operation introduction and theme film viewing, the students were divided into groups to participate in the technology action puzzle and obstacle challenge activities. Students’ learning performance using smart technological tools and overall course feedback were evaluated from the aspects of building structure safety knowledge, disaster prevention and mitigation, integrated interdisciplinary thinking, and problem-solving abilities through the course planning and quasi-experimental design. The results show that (1) in terms of the learning achievement scale, the pre-test and post-test of paired samples reached statistical significance; (2) in terms of the learning response scale, the mean of the Likert five-point scale reached above 4.0; (3) the results of mediating regression analysis show that, compared with the traditional classroom teaching mode, the interactive teaching experience and technology action puzzle have a mediating effect on learning performance and overall course feedback.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13094788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Using Contactless Facial Image Recognition Technology to Detect Blood Oxygen Saturation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-04-26), p. 524-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-04-26), p. 524-
    Abstract: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, as of January 2023, there have been over 670 million cases and more than 6.8 million deaths worldwide. Infections can cause inflammation in the lungs and decrease blood oxygen levels, which can lead to breathing difficulties and endanger life. As the situation continues to escalate, non-contact machines are used to assist patients at home to monitor their blood oxygen levels without encountering others. This paper uses a general network camera to capture the forehead area of a person’s face, using the RPPG (remote photoplethysmography) principle. Then, image signal processing of red and blue light waves is carried out. By utilizing the principle of light reflection, the standard deviation and mean are calculated, and the blood oxygen saturation is computed. Finally, the effect of illuminance on the experimental values is discussed. The experimental results of this paper were compared with a blood oxygen meter certified by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan, and the experimental results had only a maximum error of 2%, which is better than the 3% to 5% error rates in other studies The measurement time was only 30 s, which is better than the one minute reported using similar equipment in other studies. Therefore, this paper not only saves equipment expenses but also provides convenience and safety for those who need to monitor their blood oxygen levels at home. Future applications can combine the SpO2 detection software with camera-equipped devices such as smartphones and laptops. The public can detect SpO2 on their own mobile devices, providing a convenient and effective tool for personal health management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050524
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hardware Development and Safety Control Strategy Design for a Mobile Rehabilitation Robot
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-12), p. 5979-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-12), p. 5979-
    Abstract: The use of bodyweight unloading force control on a treadmill with therapist manual assistance for gait training imposes constraints on natural walking. It influences the patient’s training effect for a full range of natural walks. This study presents a prototype and a safety controller for a mobile rehabilitation robot (MRR). The prototype integrates an autonomous mobile bodyweight support system (AMBSS) with a lower-limb exoskeleton system (LES) to simultaneously achieve natural over-ground gait training and motion relearning. Human-centered rehabilitation robots must guarantee the safety of patients in the presence of significant tracking errors. It is difficult for traditional stiff controllers to ensure safety and excellent tracking accuracy concurrently, because they cannot explicitly guarantee smooth, safe, and overdamped motions without overshoot. This paper integrated a linear extended state observer (LESO) into proxy-based sliding mode control (ILESO-PSMC) to overcome this problem. The LESO was used to observe the system’s unknown states and total disturbance simultaneously, ensuring that the “proxy” tracks the reference target accurately and avoids the unsafe control of the MRR. Based on the Lyapunov theorem to prove the closed-loop system stability, the proposed safety control strategy has three advantages: (1) it provides an accurate and safe control without worsening tracking performance during regular operation, (2) it guarantees safe recoveries and overdamped properties after abnormal events, and (3) it need not identify the system model and measure unknown system states as well as external disturbance, which is quite difficult for human–robot interaction (HRI) systems. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ILESO-PSMC for MRR. The experimental comparison also indicates better safety performance for the ILESO-PSMC than for the conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12125979
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    A Brunnstrom Stage Evaluation System with Fuzzy-Accelerometer
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 18 ( 2019-09-06), p. 3718-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 18 ( 2019-09-06), p. 3718-
    Abstract: Advances in medical care has reduced the rate of mortality from strokes, but the incidence of stroke has remained stable while the incidence of ministrokes has increased. Most stroke victims require long-term care, imposing a heavy financial and emotional burden on families while incurring a heavy cost to society. Thus, strokes are a key issue in the context of health care in Taiwan. This paper proposes using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) to build a system for assessing Brunnstrom stages based on the observation of several obvious rehabilitation features The system calculates features for accelerometer readings, which are then used as input parameters for a fuzzy algorithm to obtain the Brunnstrom action level. Experimental results show the proposed approach effectively assesses Brunnstrom level, and that the approach can be used to assist physical therapists in performing longitudinal assessments of stroke victim progress, thus improving evaluation efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9183718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability with Real-Time Images Based on Independent Component Analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-06-27), p. 7605-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-06-27), p. 7605-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, the living habits of people have also changed from those in the past; the diet, living environment, various life pressures, etc., all overwhelm the body and mind, meaning that, nowadays, more people are suffering from mental illness and cardiovascular disease year on year. Therefore, a non-contact measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) is proposed to assist physicians in diagnosing symptoms related to mental illness and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, continuous images are obtained by general network cameras with non-contact, facial feature points and regions of interest (ROI) employed to track faces and regional images; HRV parameters were analyzed with the green wavelength of RGB color space. The artifact signal is eliminated by a hybrid algorithm of independent component analysis (ICA) and particle swarming optimization (PSO). Finally, the values of heart rate and HRV are obtained with signal processes of using band-pass filter, fast Fourier transform (FFT), and power spectrum analysis in the time and frequency domains, respectively. The non-contact measurement performance of the proposed method can effectively not only avoid infection doubts and obtain heart rate and HRV quickly, but also provide better physiological parameters, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), than those of recent published papers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13137605
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Training and Evaluation of Human Cardiorespiratory Endurance Based on a Fuzzy Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2019-07-05), p. 2390-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2019-07-05), p. 2390-
    Abstract: Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to working muscles during continuous physical activity, which is an important indicator of physical health. Cardiorespiratory endurance is typically measured in the laboratory by maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) which is not a practical method for real-life use. Given the relative difficulty in measuring oxygen consumption directly, we can estimate cardiorespiratory endurance on the basis of heart beat. In this paper, we proposed a fuzzy system based on the human heart rate to provide an effective cardiorespiratory endurance training program and the evaluation of cardiorespiratory endurance levels. Trainers can respond correctly with the help of a smart fitness app to obtain the desired training results and prevent undesirable events such as under-training or over-training. The fuzzy algorithm, which is built for the Android mobile phone operating system receives the resting heart rate (RHR) of the participants via Bluetooth before exercise to determine the suitable training speed mode of a treadmill for the individual. The computer-based fuzzy program takes RHR and heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise as inputs to calculate the cardiorespiratory endurance level. The experimental results show that after 8 weeks of exercise training, the RHR decreased by an average of 11%, the HRR increased by 51.5%, and the cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation level was also improved. The proposed system can be combined with other methods for fitness instructors to design a training program that is more suitable for individuals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132390
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Developing an Optical Measuring System for Hole Saw Caps
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-12-03), p. 2311-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-12-03), p. 2311-
    Abstract: This paper developed a set of size detection systems with a computer vision method based on the accuracy requirements of the hole saw caps to meet the needs of the accuracy detection machine. The results allow manufacturers to build a digitalized hole saw cap detection system at a low cost. We have designed a measurement system for the hole saw caps with the computer vision method to measure the dimensions of the hole saw caps. However, a valid measurement value of the hole saw caps must be positioned symmetrically. However, in fact, when the measurement system is positioned accurately asymmetrically, it will cause a problem in the measurement data. Therefore, the dark box environment made of a light source and the back plate of the hole saw caps material and two cameras are employed to observe the hole saw caps from both above and the side views. Then, personal desktop computers calculate the size of the hole saw caps based on the camera screen vision with a Python program. The results of the proposed methodology are obtained by measuring 10 workpieces of different sizes, and all the errors within a range of 2 pixels (pixel, px) met the detection standards. Therefore, the developed hole saw cap detection system is in line with expectations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym13122311
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    A Modified Functional Observer-Based EID Estimator for Unknown Continuous-Time Singular Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-03-28), p. 2316-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-03-28), p. 2316-
    Abstract: This paper presents the design of a linear quadratic analog tracker (LQAT) based on the observer–Kalman-filter identification (OKID) method and the design of a modified functional observer-based equivalent input disturbance (EID) estimator for unknown square–non-square singular analog systems with unknown input and output disturbances. First, an equivalent mathematical model of the singular analog system is presented to simulate the time response of continuous-time linear singular analog systems to arbitrary inputs via the model conversion method. Then, for the unknown singular analog system, it constructs a linear quadratic analog tracker with state feedback and feed-forward gains based on the off-line OKID method. Furthermore, it extends the design methodology of the EID estimator for strictly proper regular systems with unknown matched–mismatched input and output disturbances to proper regular systems. It is important to mention that the newly developed modified functional observer for proper systems is used to estimate the unknown EID of singular analog systems and that the constraints on the dimensions of unknown disturbances can be eliminated by using the newly proposed EID estimation method. The contributions of this paper can be listed as follows: (1) based on both the OKID method and the discrete-to-continuous model conversion, the simulation of the time responses of the continuous-time linear singular models (which are not feasible using existing MATLAB toolboxes) become feasible; (2) for effective control of the unknown singular analog system, an off-line OKID method is proposed to design an LQAT with state feedback and feed-forward gains; and (3) based on the newly developed modified functional observer for the reduced-order proper regular system, the original EID estimator in the literature is newly extended to estimate the EID from the unknown strictly proper singular analog system, without the original dimensional constraints of the disturbances. It is important to mention that the disturbances of interest can be unknown matched–mismatched input and output disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10072316
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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