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  • MDPI AG  (8)
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  • MDPI AG  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Communities’ Willingness to Participate in Ecosystem Conservation in Southeast Tibetan Nature Reserves, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 207-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 207-
    Abstract: Southeast Tibet is significant in maintaining key ecological functions and providing irreplaceable ecosystem services but is also extremely vulnerable and susceptible to the impacts of human activities. Understanding the attitudes of local residents toward ecosystem conservation is considered essential for nature resource management. We therefore aimed to conduct an evaluation framework under hypothetical scenarios to measure communities’ willingness to participate in ecosystem conservation using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Second, this study determined the underlying factors that might affect local’s willingness to participate and then compared the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to work (WTW) for different types of nature reserves. We found that income, education, community attachment, and acceptance of a payment scheme are significant factors determining the average amount that residents are willing to pay for ecosystem conservation, while their income, acceptance of a work scheme, and education are significant factors influencing the average service time that residents are willing to devote to work. Our results revealed that community residents have considerable willingness to participate in ecosystem conservation, which points not only to the great value attached to the ecosystem service function of Southeast Tibet nature but also suggests that people’s willingness to participate is influenced by a conglomeration of socio-economic characteristics and their previous experience. The information herein can be used to implement conservation planning that involves community co-management and policymaking for sustainable development and will be beneficial to the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of Tibetan nature reserves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11020207
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Adjusted Frequency-Domain Algorithm for Arc Array Bistatic SAR Data with One-Moving Transmitter
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 4725-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 4725-
    Abstract: Arc array synthetic aperture radar (AA-SAR), which can observe the scene in all directions, breaks through the single view of traditional SAR. However, the concealment of AA-SAR is poor. To mitigate this, arc array bistatic SAR (AA-BiSAR) with the moving transmitter is proposed, it has the advantages of good concealment and can expand the imaging scene, and improve the flexibility of the system. The imaging geometry including the signal model is established, and a range frequency-domain algorithm based on keystone transform (KT) is proposed in this paper. In the first step, the slant range equation is approximated by Taylor series expansion to compensate for the residual phase caused by the transmitter motion. In the second step, the range cell migration between the range and azimuth is eliminated through the KT method in the range frequency-domain. In the third step, using the data after range cell migration correction in step 2, an azimuth pulse compression is performed to obtain the focused image. In addition, the spatial resolution of the AA-BiSAR system is analyzed in detail. Finally, three simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the change in the spatial resolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22134725
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 1341-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 1341-
    Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, Ptrend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20% lower (hazard ratio [HR] : 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, Ptrend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.64, Ptrend 〈 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15061341
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-08), p. 3070-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-08), p. 3070-
    Abstract: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of KRAS changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, KRAS inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of KRAS would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12223070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Silent Exonic Mutation in a Rice Integrin-α FG-GAP Repeat-Containing Gene Causes Male-Sterility by Affecting mRNA Splicing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2020-03-16), p. 2018-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2020-03-16), p. 2018-
    Abstract: Pollen development plays crucial roles in the life cycle of higher plants. Here we characterized a rice mutant with complete male-sterile phenotype, pollen-less 1 (pl1). pl1 exhibited smaller anthers with arrested pollen development, absent Ubisch bodies, necrosis-like tapetal hypertrophy, and smooth anther cuticular surface. Molecular mapping revealed a synonymous mutation in the fourth exon of PL1 co-segregated with the mutant phenotype. This mutation disrupts the exon-intron splice junction in PL1, generating aberrant mRNA species and truncated proteins. PL1 is highly expressed in the tapetal cells of developing anther, and its protein is co-localized with plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal. PL1 encodes an integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein, which has seven β-sheets and putative Ca2+-binding motifs and is broadly conserved in terrestrial plants. Our findings therefore provide insights into both the role of integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein in rice male fertility and the influence of exonic mutation on intronic splice donor site selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dye Decoloring Peroxidase Structure, Catalytic Properties and Applications: Current Advancement and Futurity
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-10), p. 955-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-10), p. 955-
    Abstract: Dye decoloring peroxidases (DyPs) were named after their high efficiency to decolorize and degrade a wide range of dyes. DyPs are a type of heme peroxidase and are quite different from known heme peroxidases in terms of amino acid sequences, protein structure, catalytic residues, and physical and chemical properties. DyPs oxidize polycyclic dyes and phenolic compounds. Thus they find high application potentials in dealing with environmental problems. The structure and catalytic characteristics of DyPs of different families from the amino acid sequence, protein structure, and enzymatic properties, and analyzes the high-efficiency degradation ability of some DyPs in dye and lignin degradation, which vary greatly among DyPs classes. In addition, application prospects of DyPs in biomedicine and other fields are also discussed briefly. At the same time, the research strategy based on genetic engineering and synthetic biology in improving the stability and catalytic activity of DyPs are summarized along with the important industrial applications of DyPs and associated challenges. Moreover, according to the current research findings, bringing DyPs to the industrial level may require improving the catalytic efficiency of DyP, increasing production, and enhancing alkali resistance and toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal11080955
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydrochemical Characteristics of Arsenic in Shallow Groundwater in Various Unconsolided Sediment Aquifers: A Case Study in Hetao Basin in Inner Mongolia, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-21), p. 669-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-21), p. 669-
    Abstract: This study focused on the entire Hetao Basin, which can fall into four hydrogeological units, the Houtao Plain, Sanhuhe Plain, Hubao Plain, and South Bank Plain of the Yellow River, all of which are under different geological and environmental conditions. To systematically investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and spatial distribution of high-As groundwater (As 〉 10 μg/L), 974 samples were collected from shallow groundwater. As indicated from the results, high-As groundwater had an extensive distribution, and its spatial distribution in the four hydrogeological units exhibited significant variability. Three concentrated distribution areas were reported with high-As groundwater, which were all in the discharge areas of groundwater, and the arsenic contents in the groundwater were found to exceed 50 μg/L. The hydrochemical types of high-As groundwater in the HT Plain and the SHH Plain consisted of HCO3 SO4·Cl for anions and Na for cations, while those in the other two plains included HCO3 for anions as well as Na·Mg·Ca for cations. According to the pH values, the groundwater was weakly alkaline in the areas with high-As groundwater, and arsenic primarily existed as arsenite. Furthermore, high-As groundwater in the Hetao Basin was characterized by high contents of Fe (mean value of 2.77 mg/L) and HCO3− (mean value of 460 mg/L) and a low relative concentration of SO42− (average value of 310 mg/L). This study did not identify any significant correlation between groundwater arsenic and other ions (e.g., Fe2+, Fe3+, HCO3−, SO42−, NO2− and NO3−) in the entire Hetao Basin over a wide range of hydrogeological units. The results remained unchanged after the four hydrogeological units were analyzed. The special sedimentary environment evolution of the Hetao Basin was found as the prerequisite for the formation of high-arsenic groundwater. Furthermore, groundwater runoff conditions and hydrogeochemical processes in the basin were indicated as the factors controlling the formation of high-arsenic groundwater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14040669
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Colitis-Mediated Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Flora and Impaired Vitamin A Absorption Reduce Ovarian Function in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2425-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2425-
    Abstract: Changes in the composition and ratio of the flora during colitis have been found to potentially affect ovarian function through nutrient absorption. However, the mechanisms have not been fully explored. To investigate whether colitis-induced dysbacteriosis of the intestinal flora affects ovarian function, mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) through drinking water. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to clarify the composition and proportion of bacterial flora as well as gene expression changes in the colon. Changes in follicle type, number, and hormone secretion in the ovary were detected. The results showed that 2.5% DSS could induce severe colitis symptoms, including increased inflammatory cell infiltration, severe damage to the crypt, and high expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, vitamin A synthesis metabolism-related genes Rdh10, Aldh1a1, Cyp26a1, Cyp26b1, and Rarβ were significantly decreased, as well as the levels of the steroid hormone synthase-related proteins STAR and CYP11A1. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, and Anti-Mullerian hormone as well as the quality of oocytes decreased significantly. The significantly changed abundances of Alistipes, Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and some other flora had potentially important roles. DSS-induced colitis and impaired vitamin A absorption reduced ovarian function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15112425
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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