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  • MDPI AG  (19)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Enhanced Lateral Flow Assay Based on Aptamer–Magnetic Separation and Multifold AuNPs for Ultrasensitive Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in Milk
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-11), p. 1605-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-11), p. 1605-
    Abstract: In this paper, a novel and ultrasensitive lateral flow assay (LFA) based on aptamer–magnetic separation, and multifold Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for visual detecting Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The method realized magnetic enrichment and signal transduction via magnetic separation and achieved signal amplification through hybridizing AuNPs–capture probes and AuNPs–amplification probes to form multifold AuNPs. Two different thiolated single-strand DNA (ssDNA) on the AuNPs–capture probe played different roles. One was combined with the AuNPs–amplification probe on the conjugate pad to achieve enhanced signals. The other was connected to transduction ssDNA1 released by aptamer–magnetic capture of S. Typhimurium, and captured by the T-line, forming a positive signal. This method had an excellent linear relationship ranging from 8.6 × 102 CFU/mL to 8.6 × 107 CFU/mL with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 8.6 × 100 CFU/mL in pure culture. In actual samples, the visual LOD was 4.1 × 102 CFU/mL, which did not carry out nucleic acid amplification and pre-enrichment, increasing three orders of magnitudes than unenhanced assays with single–dose AuNPs and no magnetic separation. Furthermore, the system showed high specificity, having no reaction with other nontarget strains. This visual signal amplificated system would be a potential platform for ultrasensitive monitoring S. Typhimurium in milk samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10071605
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Split-Attention Networks with Self-Calibrated Convolution for Moon Impact Crater Detection from Multi-Source Data
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-12), p. 3193-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-12), p. 3193-
    Abstract: Impact craters are the most prominent features on the surface of the Moon, Mars, and Mercury. They play an essential role in constructing lunar bases, the dating of Mars and Mercury, and the surface exploration of other celestial bodies. The traditional crater detection algorithms (CDA) are mainly based on manual interpretation which is combined with classical image processing techniques. The traditional CDAs are, however, inefficient for detecting smaller or overlapped impact craters. In this paper, we propose a Split-Attention Networks with Self-Calibrated Convolution (SCNeSt) architecture, in which the channel-wise attention with multi-path representation and self-calibrated convolutions can generate more prosperous and more discriminative feature representations. The algorithm first extracts the crater feature model under the well-known target detection R-FCN network framework. The trained models are then applied to detecting the impact craters on Mercury and Mars using the transfer learning method. In the lunar impact crater detection experiment, we managed to extract a total of 157,389 impact craters with diameters between 0.6 and 860 km. Our proposed model outperforms the ResNet, ResNeXt, ScNet, and ResNeSt models in terms of recall rate and accuracy is more efficient than that other residual network models. Without training for Mars and Mercury remote sensing data, our model can also identify craters of different scales and demonstrates outstanding robustness and transferability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13163193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Plugging Agent with an Interpenetrating Polymer Network
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Gels Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 205-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 205-
    Abstract: In view of the problems of polymer cross-linked elastic particle plugging agents commonly used in oilfields, including easy shear, poor temperature resistance, and weak plugging strength for large pores, the introduction of particles with certain rigidity and network structure, and cross-linking with a polymer monomer can improve the structural stability, temperature resistance, and plugging effect, and the preparation method is simple and low-cost. An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) gel was prepared in a stepwise manner. The conditions of IPN synthesis were optimized. The IPN gel micromorphology was analyzed by SEM and the viscoelasticity, temperature resistance, and plugging performance were also evaluated. The optimal polymerization conditions included a temperature of 60 °C, a monomer concentration of 10.0–15.0%, a cross-linker concentration of 1.0–2.0% of monomer content, and a first network concentration of 20%. The IPN showed good fusion degree with no phase separation, which was the prerequisite for the formation of high-strength IPN, whereas particle aggregates reduced the strength. The IPN had better cross-linking strength and structural stability, with a 20–70% increase in the elastic modulus and a 25% increase in temperature resistance. It showed better plugging ability and erosion resistance, with the plugging rate reaching 98.9%. The stability of the plugging pressure after erosion was 3.8 times that of a conventional PAM-gel plugging agent. The IPN plugging agent improved the structural stability, temperature resistance, and plugging effect of the plugging agent. This paper provides a new method for improving the performance of a plugging agent in an oilfield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels9030205
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and Characterisation of the Antimicrobial Peptide, Phylloseptin-PT, from the Skin Secretion of Phyllomedusa tarsius, and Comparison of Activity with Designed, Cationicity-Enhanced Analogues and Diastereomers
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2016-12-03), p. 1667-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2016-12-03), p. 1667-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121667
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Surfactant-Induced Reconfiguration of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Enables Improved Surface Properties and Gluability of Bamboo
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-14), p. 3542-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-14), p. 3542-
    Abstract: The high-efficiency development and utilization of bamboo resources can greatly alleviate the current shortage of wood and promote the neutralization of CO2. However, the wide application of bamboo-derived products is largely limited by their unideal surface properties with adhesive as well as poor gluability. Herein, a facile strategy using the surfactant-induced reconfiguration of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins was proposed to enhance the interface with bamboo and significantly improve its gluability. Specifically, through the coupling of a variety of surfactants, the viscosity and surface tension of the UF resins were properly regulated. Therefore, the resultant surfactant reconfigured UF resin showed much-improved wettability and spreading performance to the surface of both bamboo green and bamboo yellow. Specifically, the contact angle (CA) values of the bamboo green and bamboo yellow decreased from 79.6° to 30.5° and from 57.5° to 28.2°, respectively, with the corresponding resin spreading area increasing from 0.2 mm2 to 7.6 mm2 and from 0.1 mm2 to 5.6 mm2. Moreover, our reconfigured UF resin can reduce the amount of glue spread applied to bond the laminated commercial bamboo veneer products to 60 g m−2, while the products prepared by the initial UF resin are unable to meet the requirements of the test standard, suggesting that this facile method is an effective way to decrease the application of petroleum-based resins and production costs. More broadly, this surfactant reconfigured strategy can also be performed to regulate the wettability between UF resin and other materials (such as polypropylene board and tinplate), expanding the application fields of UF resin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13203542
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    What Is the Efficiency of Fast Urbanization? A China Study
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-05), p. 3180-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-05), p. 3180-
    Abstract: Urbanization is commonly described as the process of population flow from rural to urban areas. As the largest developing country, China has experienced an unprecedentedly fast and large urbanization process since 1980s, which will continue for the coming future. The immense scale of the process has brought multidimensional benefits across all sectors in the country, yet also consumed a vast amount of resources and caused various types of environmental problems. The conflict between limited resources and an unstoppable urbanization process has become a pressing issue, which presents the urgent need for efficiency pursuance in the process of urbanization in order to ensure sustainable urban development. It is considered that the improvement of urbanization efficiency in large developing countries such as China has great implications for global sustainability. There is little existing study conducted to understand what efficiency achieved in the current fast urban development era in China. This study investigates the urbanization efficiency and its changes in the contemporary China. A set of input-output indicators are employed for analyzing the efficiency, in which both desirable and undesirable outputs are considered. The Super-efficiency Slack-based Measure (SBM) model and DEA-based Malmquist Production Index (MPI) are adopted collectively for conducting data analysis. The research is conducted at provincial level in China and the data collected for analysis are from 30 provinces for the period of 2006–2015. The results from this study show that the overall urbanization efficiency in China during the surveyed period is low, although certain improvement has been achieved. The difference between good and poor performers is considerable. In general, those provinces with better social and economic background have better urbanization efficiency performance. East China is much better than the rest of China, whilst Southwest region has the poorest performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10093180
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Engineering and Structural Insights of a Novel BBI-like Protease Inhibitor Livisin from the Frog Skin Secretion
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxins Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 273-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 273-
    Abstract: The Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) family is a prototype group found mainly in plants, particularly grasses and legumes, which have been subjected to decades of study. Recently, the discovery of attenuated peptides containing the canonical Bowman–Birk protease inhibitory motif has been detected in the skin secretions of amphibians, mainly from Ranidae family members. The roles of these peptides in amphibian defense have been proposed to work cooperatively with antimicrobial peptides and reduce peptide degradation. A novel trypsin inhibitory peptide, named livisin, was found in the skin secretion of the green cascade frog, Odorrana livida. The cDNA encoding the precursor of livisin was cloned, and the predicted mature peptide was characterized. The mature peptide was found to act as a potent inhibitor against several serine proteases. A comparative activity study among the native peptide and its engineered analogs was performed, and the influence of the P1 and P2′ positions, as well as the C-terminal amidation on the structure–activity relationship for livisin, was illustrated. The findings demonstrated that livisin might serve as a potential drug discovery/development tool.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040273
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Ensemble Learning with Supervised Methods Based on Large-Scale Protein Language Models for Protein Mutation Effects Prediction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2023-11-18), p. 16496-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2023-11-18), p. 16496-
    Abstract: Machine learning has been increasingly utilized in the field of protein engineering, and research directed at predicting the effects of protein mutations has attracted increasing attention. Among them, so far, the best results have been achieved by related methods based on protein language models, which are trained on a large number of unlabeled protein sequences to capture the generally hidden evolutionary rules in protein sequences, and are therefore able to predict their fitness from protein sequences. Although numerous similar models and methods have been successfully employed in practical protein engineering processes, the majority of the studies have been limited to how to construct more complex language models to capture richer protein sequence feature information and utilize this feature information for unsupervised protein fitness prediction. There remains considerable untapped potential in these developed models, such as whether the prediction performance can be further improved by integrating different models to further improve the accuracy of prediction. Furthermore, how to utilize large-scale models for prediction methods of mutational effects on quantifiable properties of proteins due to the nonlinear relationship between protein fitness and the quantification of specific functionalities has yet to be explored thoroughly. In this study, we propose an ensemble learning approach for predicting mutational effects of proteins integrating protein sequence features extracted from multiple large protein language models, as well as evolutionarily coupled features extracted in homologous sequences, while comparing the differences between linear regression and deep learning models in mapping these features to quantifiable functional changes. We tested our approach on a dataset of 17 protein deep mutation scans and indicated that the integrated approach together with linear regression enables the models to have higher prediction accuracy and generalization. Moreover, we further illustrated the reliability of the integrated approach by exploring the differences in the predictive performance of the models across species and protein sequence lengths, as well as by visualizing clustering of ensemble and non-ensemble features.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216496
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evolution of RGF/GLV/CLEL Peptide Hormones and Their Roles in Land Plant Growth and Regulation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 24 ( 2021-12-13), p. 13372-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 24 ( 2021-12-13), p. 13372-
    Abstract: Rooting is a key innovation during plant terrestrialization. RGFs/GLVs/CLELs are a family of secreted peptides, playing key roles in root stem cell niche maintenance and pattern formation. The origin of this peptide family is not well characterized. RGFs and their receptor genes, RGIs, were investigated comprehensively using phylogenetic and genetic analyses. We identified 203 RGF genes from 24 plant species, representing a variety of land plant lineages. We found that the RGF genes originate from land plants and expand via multiple duplication events. The lineage-specific RGF duplicates are retained due to their regulatory divergence, while a majority of RGFs experienced strong purifying selection in most land plants. Functional analysis indicated that RGFs and their receptor genes, RGIs, isolated from liverwort, tomato, and maize possess similar biological functions with their counterparts from Arabidopsis in root development. RGFs and RGIs are likely coevolved in land plants. Our studies shed light on the origin and functional conservation of this important peptide family in plant root development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413372
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Optimized Therapeutic 177Lu-Labeled PSMA-Targeted Ligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Characteristics for Prostate Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 1530-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 1530-
    Abstract: Clinical trials have shown the significant efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for treating prostate cancer. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic performance of [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617 still need further improvement to meet clinical expectations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic potential of three novel 177Lu-labeled ligands for the treatment of prostate cancer. The novel ligands were efficiently synthesized and radiolabeled with non-carrier added 177Lu; the radiochemical purity of the final products was determined by Radio-HPLC. The specific cell-binding affinity to PSMA was evaluated in vitro using prostate cancer cell lines 22Rv1and PC-3. Blood pharmacokinetic analysis, biodistribution experiments, small animal SPCET imaging and treatment experiments were performed on normal and tumor-bearing mice. Among all the novel ligands developed in this study, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q showed the highest uptake in 22Rv1 cells, while there was almost no uptake in PC-3 cells. As the SPECT imaging tracer, [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-Q is highly specific in delineating PSMA-positive tumors, with a shorter clearance half-life and higher tumor-to-background ratio than [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Biodistribution studies verified the SPECT imaging results. Furthermore, [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-Q serves well as an effective therapeutic ligand to suppress tumor growth and improve the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. All the results strongly demonstrate that [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q is a PSMA-specific ligand with significant anti-tumor effect in preclinical models, and further clinical evaluation is worth conducting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15121530
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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