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  • MDPI AG  (4)
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  • MDPI AG  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Weight-Control Behaviors and Dietary Intake in Chinese Adults: An Analysis of Three National Surveys (2002–2015)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 1395-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 1395-
    Abstract: Weight control through dietary management is becoming increasingly common worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dietary intake and diet quality between Chinese adults with and without weight-control behaviors. Data were collected from the China National Nutrition Survey 2002, 2012, and 2015. Dietary intake was assessed using a combination of 24 h dietary recall of three consecutive days and a weighing method. Diet quality was calculated based on China healthy diet index (CHDI). A total of 167,355 subjects were included, of which 11,906 (8.0%) adults reported attempting to control weight within the past 12 months. Participants with weight control had lower daily total energy intake, as well as lower percentages of energy from carbohydrates, low-quality carbohydrates, and plant protein, but higher percentages of energy from protein, fat, high-quality carbohydrates, animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids than those without weight control. Additionally, the CHDI score in the weight-control group was higher than those without (53.40 vs. 48.79, p 〈 0.001). Fewer than 40% of participants in both groups met the requirement for all specific food groups. Chinese adults who reported weight-control behaviors had an energy-restricted diet characterized by reduced carbohydrate intake and overall higher diet quality compared with those without dietary-control behaviors. However, both groups had significant room for improvement in meeting dietary recommendations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15061395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Reported Dietary Management Behaviors and Dietary Intake among Chinese Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 5178-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 5178-
    Abstract: Few studies have analyzed the implementation of dietary management in Chinese adults with diabetes. Thus, we assessed and compared dietary intake and diet quality between diabetic patients with and without dietary management behaviors (DPDM vs. NDPDM), and evaluated the adherence to dietary guidelines in both groups of patients. The data were obtained from the 2002, 2010–2013, and 2015 China National Nutrition Survey. A total of 69,583, 67,177, and 96,631 subjects participated in the 2002, 2010–2013, and 2015 survey rounds, respectively. The dietary intake data were measured using 3-day 24 h dietary recalls and weighed records of household condiments. The China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) was used to evaluate diet quality. The study included 6229 patients with diabetes, of which 78% had dietary management behaviors. The diabetic patients with dietary management behaviors showed higher percentages of energy from high-quality carbohydrates, animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids and lower percentages from low-quality carbohydrates and plant protein than NDPDM. The diabetic patients with dietary management behaviors also had lower intakes of cereals and tubers and higher intakes of vegetables than NDPDM. The total CHDI score of DPDM was higher than NDPDM (56.3 ± 12.7 vs. 54.1 ± 12.3). The proportion of DPDM meeting the recommended intake for different food items ranged from 3.3% to 42.8% and from 3.0% to 39.2% in NDPDM. The diabetic patients with dietary management behaviors showed better adherence to dietary guidelines and higher diet quality scores than NDPDM, while the overall adherence was poor in both groups of patients. Our findings suggested that measures are needed to promote and refine dietary management behaviors, which can help to improve disease management in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14235178
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Gradient Effect on the Relationship between the Underlying Factor and Land Surface Temperature in Large Urbanized Region
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Land Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-29), p. 20-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-29), p. 20-
    Abstract: Although research relating to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been significantly increasing in recent years, there is still a lack of a continuous and clear recognition of the potential gradient effect on the UHI—landscape relationship within large urbanized regions. In this study, we chose the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is a large scaled urban agglomeration in China, as the case study area. We examined the causal relationship between the LST variation and underlying surface characteristics using multi-temporal land cover and summer average land surface temperature (LST) data as the analyzed variables. This study then further discussed the modeling performance when quantifying their relationship from a spatial gradient perspective (the grid size ranged from 6 to 24 km), by comparing the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods. The results indicate that: (1) both the OLS and GWR analysis confirmed that the composition of built-up land contributes as an essential factor that is responsible for the UHI phenomenon in a large urban agglomeration region; (2) for the OLS, the modeled relationship between the LST and its drive factor showed a significant spatial gradient effect, changing with different spatial analysis grids; and, (3) in contrast, using the GWR model revealed a considerably robust and better performance for accommodating the spatial non-stationarity with a lower scale dependence than that of the OLS model. This study highlights the significant spatial heterogeneity that is related to the UHI effect in large-extent urban agglomeration areas, and it suggests that the potential gradient effect and uncertainty induced by different spatial scale and methodology usage should be considered when modeling the UHI effect with urbanization. This would supplement current UHI study and be beneficial for deepening the cognition and enlightenment of landscape planning for UHI regulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land10010020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-08-28), p. 1257-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-08-28), p. 1257-
    Abstract: Recently, corrosion perforation has been frequently seen in surface pipelines in the oil and gas industry, resulting in operational and environmental challenges. Due to the complex characteristics and mechanisms of such corrosion, a new and pragmatic method has been designed to identify and evaluate the corrosion phenomenon via a hanging ring installed in a surface pipeline. In addition to respectively analyzing the ions of water samples with chemical titration, ion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, the micro-surface morphology of the corroded hanging rings was observed and evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the surface composition of the corroded hanging rings was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The water ions of each selected position were found to mainly contain Ca2+, Ba2+, SO42−, and HCO3−, while the barium scale and calcium carbonate scale were formed in situ. In addition to the common corrosion induced by CO2, corrosion induced by both CO2 and H2S leads to extremely serious corrosion and scaling in surface pipelines. In addition, the injection dose of corrosion inhibitor was also evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12091257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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